FRUIT-TO-DYE Research
FRUIT-TO-DYE Research
FRUIT-TO-DYE Research
A Research Presented to
The Faculty of Science Technology and Engineering of
RANIAG HIGH SCHOOL
Raniag, Ramon, Isabela
By:
Dela Cruz, Zhai-Hann Leigh R.
Domingo, Princess Joy G.
Sicmaten, Brandon N.
Viernes, Renzo Miguel B.
September 2023-2024
CHAPTER 1
“Dragon Fruit” is derived from its unique appearance, where the spikes resemble fire and
scales resemble the dragon, as depicted in Chinese Mythology, Dragon Fruit’s origin was
unknown, but it is probably native in Central America. It has a beautiful perfect pink flesh and
tiny black seeds. Depending on its variety, Dragon Fruit colors can be purple or redder.
Dragon Fruit is among the nutritious and wonderful exotic fruit in the world, its
production is profitable enterprise and a promising means of raising the income of farmers in
the Philippines. In 1856, an 18 year old English chemist, William Henry Perkin, accidentally
discovered one of the first synthetic dyes, Perkin experimented with coal tar, a thick, dark
liquid by-product of coal-gas production, his experiment failed but left behind an oily residue
that stained silk a brilliant purple, he called it Mauve, the first name of dye. The first recorded
mention of fabric dyeing dates, all the way back 2600 BC. Originally, were made with natural
pigments mixed with water and oil used to decorate, skin, jewelry and clothing. Back then,
natural dyes were used on caves in places such as Spain. Today, 90% of clothing is dyed
synthetically, we can use it to dye clothes made out of cotton. Dyeing using plants has long
been part of the process of textile production. It is a tradition in itself, with knowledge and
techniques passed down to countless generations. It is amazing to think about how our early
ancestors discovered and developed the process of natural dyeing such as: knowledge can only
be gained through many years of exploration, discovery and experimentation. The global textile
dyes market was valued at USD 10.68 billion in 2021 and is expected to grow at a CAGR 4.7%
The dye is a coloring substance utilized for the dyeing of cloths such as cotton, nylon,
wool, silk, and other fabrics. These dyes incur chemical substances which are used to attain the
required color. The advantageous part of this study is that we can help other people make a
DIY dye using Dragon Fruit’s flesh at home, this dye only contains a natural pigments which
came from its own fruit, it is biodegradable, non-allergic and non-toxic. Betacyanin, a type of
pigment obtained from red Pitahaya / Pitaya can be used to meet the demand for natural Dye
Dye is a natural or synthetic substance used to add a color to or change the color of
something. The majority of natural dyes are derived from non- animal sources: roots, berries,
bark, leaves, wood, fungi, and lichens. (Burgess, 2017). The utilization of dyes in textile
industries has enormously increased in recent years and has created several environmental
problems. Currently, several methods are in practice to treat waste waters. Effective and
efficient treatment techniques before the discharge of used water in the Environment are the
attractiveness and acceptability of most products used by modern society. As long ago the 25th
century BC man colored his surroundings and clothes using a limited range of natural colorants
of both animal and vegetable origin (Anliker et.al. 1980). In the last two decades the EPA and
other national and international agencies have placed increasingly strict regulations on
manufacture and use synthetic colorants. The pigment and dye industry has had to develop the
environmental problems posed by synthetic colorants, to provide a forum for the solution
This study generally aims to test the efficacy of organic liquid dye for clothes using Red
The study station will be confined at the Science Laboratory of Raniag, High School,
Red Dragon Fruit will be collected or bought at the Market in Ramon, Isabela. The fruit
extract of Red Dragon Fruit will only be used and other parts will be disregarded. This study
will focus on three different colors which is color red, pink, and purple, other concerns will
no longer be observed.
Definition of Terms
Profitable. Means things that are profitable to make money or beneficiary in other way.
Profitable is one that’s good for everyone involved, profitable started out as a word to
organism.
Synthetic dyes. Is a broad group of ingredients that have been chemically manufactured to
add vibrant, stable colors to product such as soaps, shampoos and mouthwashes. Many
synthetic dyes are derived from non-renewable coal tar or petrochemicals, which contains
Natural dyes. Is use in denying it is probably the most ancient art of all times. People started
using natural dye as their first intellectual tool to portray their surroundings and themselves
by this art
Betacyanin. Is one of a group of red nitrogenous pigments found in certain plants, such as
typically forms a low crusty leaf-like, or branching growth on rocks, walls, and trees.
Pitahaya / Pitaya. Any giant cactus of Central America and the SW United States, esp the
saguraro. Also called: dragon fruit the edible red pulpy fruit of such cacti, which has a mild
sweet flavor.
CHAPTER II
This chapter presents the related literature and studies both local from foreign and
local sources.
According to (Azarcon et. al. 2020) life is lifeless without color, the same goes with
clothes. A world without colorful clothes seems dull. If we check our history, then we will
find that the first recorded mention of fabric dyes is dated back to 2600 BC. In the historic
period, the dyes were made by mixing natural pigments with water and oil to color the
clothes. These same dyes are used to paint on the walls of the caves. Nowadays, 90% of the
clothes are dyed synthetically and naturally. That’s why most of the people are going green
inducing organic dye instead of chemical dyes. A dye is colored substance that has an affinity
Dyes are applied in an aqueous solution, and may require a mordant to improve the
fastness of the dye on the fiber. Natural dyes can be defined as those colors which are extracted
from a combination of vegetable, mineral, and insect sources. They are simply dyed substances
extracted from natural sources. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically
bind to the material they color. (Azarcon et. al. 2020) Exploration of alternative utilization of
natural dyes are inexpensive and have a high affinity for components of cells and tissues is
essential, so the use of leather dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as a natural alternative dyes
are expected to produce natural coloring alternatives to replace the usual coloring. (Azarcon et.
al. 2020)
According to (Mukesh Kumar 2023) the benefits of natural dyes include not requiring
special maintenance, having beautiful and rich tones, acting as a help remedy, being easily
biodegradable, requiring a basic dye house to apply them to a matrix, and requiring only mild
reaction conditions for their extraction and use. He also said that it is advised to apply natural
dyes to textile materials. The use of natural dyes on a broad scale is supported by the ideas.
Furthermore, natural dyes are appealing to consumers since they do not affect the environment
because they are derived from natural sources. Biodegradable natural dyes can be disposed
To be clear, (Mukesh Kumar 2023) said that natural dying also has a drawbacks, such
as limited color availability, poor color output, complicated dying procedures, poor fastness
qualities, and difficulties combining hues. Compared to synthetic dyes, natural dyes may
require a greater quantity to color a certain amount of fabric. For instance, 5 grams of synthetic
dye can color 1 pound of cotton, while 230 grams of natural dye are required to color the same
amount of fabric. Because of this, natural colors cause more to use than synthetic dyes. Natural
swallowed, or absorbed via skin. Another natural coloring sources called bloodroot, when
inhaled, can irritate and inflame the respiratory tract. More so, the application of natural dye
might require mordant. These compound can be hazardous even if they aid in the dye’s
adhesion to clothes. Metals like aluminum, copper, iron, and chrome are examples of mordants.
Another issue with natural dyes, is their availability. In can be difficult to produce because
the availability of raw materials, can vary from season to season, place, and species, whereas
as synthetic can be produce in laboratories all year round. While natural dye sources, are
renewable sustainability can still be an issue for natural dyes, because producing them require
Polyrhizus have a significantly high quantum of phenolics and antioxidant potential than
H. undatus. 100 g fruit contained about 120-200 mg K, 30-45 mg Mg, 20-45 mg Ca, 20-35
mg P, 0.70-1.5 mg Fe, and 0.20-0.40 mg Zn. (M Arivalagan et al. 2021) Betacyanin present
in the red pulped dragon fruit protect the mice from diet-induced obesity and its related
The red color of the pulp is mainly due to the presence of water-soluble nitrogen-
containing pigments called betanins such as isobetanin, phyllocactin, and hylocerenin, which
are antioxidants with radical scavenging ability (Stintzing et. Al, 2003).(Abd Hadi et al. 2012)
reported that the consumption of dragon fruit by type 2 diabetics substantially reduced the
levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol while it increased the levels of
HDL cholesterol.
It also significantly improves the insulin resistance in rats and decreases the blood