2023 Aug. 23 - Pre Historic Architecture - Lesson
2023 Aug. 23 - Pre Historic Architecture - Lesson
2023 Aug. 23 - Pre Historic Architecture - Lesson
(ARCH 213)
HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF ARCHITECTURE
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
WHAT IS PRE-HISTORY?
- The Cultures who lived before the time of written and recorded History
- Prehistory start as soon as 500,000 BCE and stretches in the lands of the eastern
Mediterranean to about 3,000 BCE and in area of western Europe until well after 2,000 BCE
- Direct human ancestors evolved in Africa from 2.3 million years ago
- Humans spread from Africa into Southern Europe and Asia.
- They could not settle far north due to the cold climate
- From Siberia by foot into North America
- From Southeast Asia by boat into Australia
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
STONE AGE
WHAT IS PALEOLITHIC ?
- Comes from the word Paleo meaning Old and the Greek word Lithos
meaning Stone
THE SOCIETY
- Nomadic Hunter-Gatherers, Egalitarian meaning they believe that all
people are equal and deserves equal rights.
THEIR BELIEFS
- Extremely advanced spiritual life that focuses on Animism the belief in a
supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe,
Shamanism a practice that involves a shaman interacting with the spirit
world through altered state of consciousness, and early forms of
Worshipping Gods and Goddess
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
ARCHITECTURAL CHARATERISTICS:
- Cave Dwellings: caves were early human living spaces, Man made use of
Natural and man-made caves both below and above ground as a Shelter
- The intention of the paintings were not for decoration but rather to provide
images that might grant mystical power over haunted animals
EXAMPLES:
THE SOCIETY
- They begin to settle near the sources of fresh water, they also began to
raised animals and also attempted to produce food, but they are still Hunter
Gatherers. Egalitarian meaning they believe that all people are equal and
deserves equal rights.
THEIR BELIEFS
- Extremely advanced spiritual life that focuses on Animism the belief in a
supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe,
Shamanism a practice that involves a shaman interacting with the spirit
world through altered state of consciousness, and early forms of
Worshipping Gods and Goddess
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
ARCHITECTURAL CHARATERISTICS:
- Lapp Tent: shows evidence that they used animal skins as roof
- Molodova Hut: composed of Mammoth bones as its main structure with animal skins as roof
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
EXAMPLES:
- Lapp Tent: shows evidence that they used animal skins as roof
- Molodova Hut: composed of Mammoth bones as its main structure with animal skins as roof
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
WHAT IS NEOLITHIC ?
- Comes from the word Neo meaning New and the Greek word Lithos
meaning Stone
THE SOCIETY
- Settled villages and towns with egalitarian social structures; widespread
trading activity
THEIR BELIEFS
- Worship of the Great Goddess, prevalence of female imagery in art and
architecture; veneration of the cow or bull
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
ARCHITECTURAL CHARATERISTICS:
Khirokitia - Houses are built in limestone, had a circular plan, the exterior diameter of with varied from
about 2.00 meters to 9.00 meters, Roofs were flat and made of timbers surmounted by reeds and mud
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
EXAMPLES: (URBAN COMMUNITIES)
Catal Huyuk – in central Anatolia (near the modern city of Konya) lay a city that dates back as far as
7,400 BCE; by the 3,000 BCE it had a population of about 8,000 people.
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
EXAMPLES: (URBAN COMMUNITIES)
Jericho – is claimed to be the Oldest City in the World. This territory belongs to the ancient city of
Palestine, was built 9,000 BCE on the Jordan River. In addition Jericho is also the lowest city in the world
as it is situated at an altitude of 258.00 Meters below sea level
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
EXAMPLES: (URBAN COMMUNITIES)
Jericho – is claimed to be the Oldest City in the World. This territory belongs to the ancient city of
Palestine, was built 9,000 BCE on the Jordan River. In addition Jericho is also the lowest city in the world
as it is situated at an altitude of 258.00 Meters below sea level
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
EXAMPLES: (URBAN COMMUNITIES)
Jericho – is claimed to be the Oldest City in the World. This territory belongs to the ancient city of
Palestine, was built 9,000 BCE on the Jordan River. In addition Jericho is also the lowest city in the world
as it is situated at an altitude of 258.00 Meters below sea level
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
EXAMPLES: (URBAN COMMUNITIES)
Damascus – one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, the First settlement started
around 3,000 BCE.
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
Kerloas Menhir in Brittany, France is the Longest Menhir in all of Europe, possible the world with a height
of 9.50 Meters
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
EXAMPLES: (MEGALITHIC STRUCTURES)
Dolmens are Roof tomb structures used to commemorate the dead, it is also used for rituals and
ceremonies. Example is Poulnabrone Dolmen in County Clare, Ireland
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
EXAMPLES: (MEGALITHIC STRUCTURES)
Cromlech is a megalithic construction made of large group of stone blocks usually used as a altar-tomb.
Example is the Almendres Cromlech near Evora, Portugal
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
EXAMPLES: (MEGALITHIC STRUCTURES)
The Great Serpent Mound – is a 411.00 meters long, and 0.90 meters high effigy mound located at
Peebles, Ohia. It is considered to be the largest effigy mound in the world
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
Summer Solstice (Sunrise)
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
Equinox (Sunrise)
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
Winter Solstice (Sunrise)
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
Due North
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
Summer Solstice (Sunset)
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
Solar Alignments of
The Great Serpent Mound
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
EXAMPLES: (MEGALITHIC STRUCTURES)
Gobekli Tepe – located at the south-eastern Anatolia, this monumental round-oval and rectangular
megalithic Structures are erected by Hunter-Gatherers in the Pre-pottery Neolithic age between 9,600 and
8,200 BCE.
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
PLAY VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=em-P7MUt5Bk&t=1s