21ST CLPW REVIEWER

PRELIMINARY EXAMS

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (BC-1564)

 Based on oral traditions

 Crude on ideology and phraseology:
- Riddles
- Proverbs
- Bulong (Chants)
 Folk Songs:
- Lullabies
- Drinking Songs
 Folk Tales:
- Myths
- Legends
- Fables
 Epics

SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD (1565-1863)

 Two distinct classification/ themes

a. Religious:
- Pasyon
- Senakulo
- Komedya

b. Non-religious:

- Awit

- Corrido

- Prose Narratives

 Spanish is the medium of communication.

NATIONALISTIC/PROPAGANDA AND REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD

 Planted seeds of Nationalism in Filipinos

 Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog
 Addressed the masses instead of the "intelligentsia"
 Forms:
- Propaganda Literature
- Diariong Tagalog
- Noli Me Tangere
 - El Filibusterismo
 Revolutionary Literature
- Political Essays

NOTE: Familiarize Selection in Focus (lesson 1 & 2)

AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1910-1945)

1910-1945- Period of Apprenticeship/Imitation

 Many Filipinos started writing again and the nationalism of the people remain undaunted.
 Writings clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for independence.
 Poem written were amateurish and mushy

1. News reporting
1. Spanish
2. Poetry VERNACULARS
2. Tagalog
3. Stories
4. Plays FORMS
5. Essays
6. Novels
7. Short stories

ENGLISH- mediums used in the American Colonial Period

1925-1941- Period of Emergence/Self-Discovery

- Highly influenced by Western literary trends like Romanticism and Realism

JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1942-1960)

A. WAR YEARS (1942-1944)

TAGALOG POETS- broke away from the Balagtasan tradition and wrote in simple language
and free verse.
FICTION- prevailed over poetry.
ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS- were banned
FILIPINO’S WRITER’S WORK- strictly censored
THEATERS- used to show English play translated into Filipino

B. PERIOD OF MATURITY AND ORIGINALITY (1945-1960)

1. Poetry
2. Fiction 1. Palanca Awards for Literature Literary Giants
Bountiful Harvest
3. Drama 2. National Artist Awards
4. Essay

DIVERSE TECHNIQUES IN WRITING- were mastered by Filipino

 LITERARY DEVICES- structures in literature
 LITERARY ELEMENTS- essential
 Plot
 Setting
 Characters
 Theme
 Conflict
 Point of View

 LITERARY TECHNIQUES- optional

 Figurative
 Language
 Sound Devices Diction &Tone
 Flashback
 Foreshadowing
 Symbolism & Motif

 LITERARY TECHNIQUES AND DEVICES (OPTIONAL):

 IRONY - What words in the song express the opposite of the literal meaning?
 IMAGERY - What words in the song present images that signify what happens to the
persona at in the end?
 SYMBOLISM - What words in the song illustrate symbols that present the attributes of
the persona?
 METAPHOR - What specific lines can be used to portray the values of the persona?
 ALLEGORY - What insights can be drawn from the song?

21ST CENTURY

 21ST CENTURY LITERARY THEMES

  IDENTITY – determining who or what a person is
- Love, Simon and I love you, Phillip Morris

 SOCIAL EVILS – it circles around war, terrorism, racial discrimination & other misdoings
in the society
- Olympus Has Fallen , White House Down , Fifth Wave

 CATASTROPHE – it can be man made or natural

- 2012 , The Impossible

 PERSONALIZATION OF NARRATIVE – a personal narrative of one’s real life experience

- Catch Me If You Can

 PERILS OF TECHNOLOGY – the downside of technology

– Surrogates , Ready Player One , Ender’s Game

 FRACTURING – it shows different perspectives and angles of a certain scenario

–General Luna , Goyo

 EFFECTS OF CAPITALISM – it involves political and economic system of a business,

industry, and a nation
–Confessions of a Shopaholic , The Wolf of Wall Street , The
Devil Wears Prada

 HISTORY & MEMORY – how history has been depicted differently for different audiences
–The Pianist , Hidden Figures

 MIGRATION & DIASPORA – the perception and thought of the people who moved from
one place to another
–The Kite Runner , Inside Out

NOTE: read Selection in Focus Lesson 5

 PUTO-BUMBONG, BIBINGKA, SALABAT, ATBP- Migration & Diaspora , Personalization of

Narrative
 THE PHABLETIZED FUTURE - Perils of Technology, Personalization of Narrative , Effects of
Capitalism

CONTEMPORARY/ MODERN PERIOD (1960-1999)

MARTIAL LAW- repressed and curtailed human rights, including freedom of the press

SYMBOLISMS AND ALLEGORIES- what the writers used to drive home their message at the face of heavy
censorship

UP THEATER- used as a vehicle for protest

  From the 80's onwards, writers continue to show dynamism and innovation

21ST CENTURY (2000-PRESENT)

 New literary works created within the last decade
 Imaginative writing
 Deals with current themes and reflects technological culture
 Often breaks traditional writing
 Traces artistic representation of shared and familiar experiences

21ST CENTURY LITERARY GENRES

 CHICK LIT- This is written by women for women; uses strong female character who is trying to
live in a modern world. Plot is lighthearted, smart and funny.
 HYPER-POETRY- This is also called cyber poetry; could not be presented without the aid of
computers and the internet and includes verse with links to sub poems or footnotes, poetry
generators or poetry with movements or images. (Kirkwood)
- HYPERTEXTUAL POEMS- also part of hyperpoetry where readers move from
one website to another because of embedded links in the words, sometimes
not returning to the original pages at all.
 BLOG- This is short for the term “WEB BLOG”; a regularly updated journal on the Internet.
- BLOGGER is a term used for a person who has a blog. It gives opportunity to
articulate thoughts and opinions.
 SPECULATIVE FICTION- It is a broad category of fiction encompassing genres with elements that
do not exist in reality, recorded history, nature, or the present universe. Such fiction covers
various themes in the context of supernatural, futuristic, and other imaginative realms.
- Horror, science fiction, alternate history, historical
 TEXT TULA- A mobile phone poetry, short traditional formal verses are used in this form of
genre.
- It is composed of 7777 syllable count with rhyme scheme aabb, abab, abba.
 FLASH FICTION- It is notable for brevity (concise and exact use of words in writing or speech);
- also called as short-short story;
- A complete story in just a few words.
- Flash fiction: Max 1,500 words.
- Sudden fiction: Max 750 words.
- Drabble, or microfiction: Max 100 words.
- Twitterature: Max 280 characters.
 GRAPHIC NOVEL- It utilizes pictures in narrating a long story;
- it has growing popularity i.e. manga, manhwa, webtoons.
 SPOKEN POETRY- This is a performance art that is word-based. It is an oral art that focuses on
the aesthetics of word play such as intonation and voice inflection. It is a "catchall" term that
includes any kind of poetry recited aloud, including poetry readings, poetry slams, jazz poetry,
and hip hop, and can include comedy routines and prose monologues.