GEOGRAPHIC, LINGUISTIC AD ETHNIC DIMENSIONS OF Literary Period of Philippine Literature

PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY FROM PRE – COLONIAL

5 Major Periods in Philippine Literature
TO THE CONTEMPORARY
– Pre – Colonial Period (900AD – 1564)
What is Literature?
– Spanish Colonial Period (1565 – 1898)
Literature defined as: – American Colonial Period (1899 – 1945)
– Contemporary Period (1946 – 2000)
– Mirror of life – 21st Century (2001 – Present)
– Litera/ literature – a letter of alphabet or
handwriting Pre – Colonial Period
– It is a body of written works or human
– Alibata – 17 symbols
expression
– Largest period of literary history
– It is a written work such as poem, play ad
– Oral literature
novels that has lasting importance
2 forms of Literature:
Importance of Literature:
– Poetry
– The inner most feelings and thoughts are
– Prose narrative
reflected
– We learn the culture across time and space Example of Poetry:
– Familiarize the culture of the neighboring
o Proverbs
country
o Tanaga
– Understood the past and the present
o Folksong
Why do we need to study Literature? o Riddles
– To trace our rich heritage and handed down Example of Prose Narrative:
from generation to generation
o Epic
– To appreciate our rich heritage
o Myth
– To understand that we have a noble tradition,
o Fables
that can serve as the means to assimilate other
o Legends
culture
o Folktale
Types of Literature:
Spanish Colonial Period
1. Fiction – a composition of non – factual text
– Christianization
Example:
– Roman alphabet
– Fables
– 2 distinct classification
– Parables
o Religion
– Myth
o Secular
– Legend
– Spanish communication
– Folktales
2. Non – fiction – a factual writing American Colonial Period
Example:
– Biography – Public school system
– Autobiography – English alphabet
– Essay – Freedom expression
– Textbooks – Period of activism
– Journals Contemporary Period
– Literature written after World War II
 – Don Carlos Palanca memorial awards for Ilocano Literature
literature was created
– Active in producing colorful literary writing
21st Century • Dalot – a war song
• Badeng – a love song
– Using new technology
• Dung – aw – a song of grief
National Artist Year Awarded Literary Work Famous Authors:
in Literature
Jose Garcia 1973 Footnote To – Isabela De Leon – Father of Philippine Folklore
Villa Youth – Leona Florentino – Mother of Philippine
Amado V. 1973 Mga Ibong Woman Literature
Hernandez Mandaragit – Pedro Bucaneg – Father of Ilocano Literature
Nick Joaquin 1976 May Day Eve
Carlos P. 1982 I Am Filipino Hiligaynon Literature
Romulo
N.V.M. 1990 The Bread Of – The land of beautiful songs and chants
Gonzales Salt Folksongs:
Francisco 1990 The Mats
Arcellana • Ili – Ili/ lullaby – cradle song
Edith L. 1999 A Blade Of • Ambahan – traditional poetic expression of a
Tiempo Fern syllabic script
F. Sionil Jose 2001 Ermita • Siday – a long poem delivered by two families
Alejandro 2003 My Brothers before marriage
Roces Peculiar • Balitaw – a love song delivered by man and
Chicken woman in form of debate
Virgilio S. 2003 Ibong Adarna
Almario Prominent Writers:
Bienvenido 2006 Sulyap At Suri
Lumbera Sa – Flavio Zaragoza Cano – Prince of Visayan Poet
Nagbabagong – Serapion Torre – First King of Hiligaynon
Kultura At Novels
Lipunan – Magdalena Jolanday – Most Prolific Filipino
Lazaro 2009 Maganda Pa Writers
Francisco Ang Daigdig
Cirilo Bautista 2014 The 2 Significant Milestone in the History
Archipelago
– 1986 – NCCA (National Commission for
Culture and Arts
REGIONAL LITERATURE – CCP (Cultural and Arts of the Philippines)
The Works of Regional Writers Cebuano Literature
Tagalog Literature – The body of oral and written literature
– Originally follows oral literature
• Vicente Sotto – Father of Cebuano Literature
– Mostly their writings wrote in verse, maxims,
• Ernesto Lariosa – Vanguard of Cebuano
and proverbs
Literature
– Drama plays in stage and open spaces
– Doctrina Christiana – 1593 Maranao Literature
– Karagatan – duplo – balagtasan
– Greatly influence by Islam
Prominent Tagalog Writers: – It follows oral traditions
• Aurelio Tolentino
• Folktale – Tutul
• Amado V. Hernandez
• Love Poem – Tubad – tubad
• Lope K. Santos
• Proverbs – Pananaro – an
 • Drama – Sawa – I b. Punctuation – to clear indicate
• Riddles – Antoka emotion
• Epic – Darangan c. Shape – refers to the poets choice
of contextual and visual design,
Plot of the Story
omission of spaces, capitalization
1. Exposition and lower case
2. Rising Action 4. Tone – refers to the parts attitude towards the
3. Climax subject, readers, or himself
4. Falling Action 5. Voice – refers to the speaking persona in
5. Resolution/ Denoument poetry where specific character are not
indicated as the speaker
5 Types of Character
Classes of Poetry:
1. Protagonist
2. Antagonist 1. Lyric – highly musical verse that conveys
3. Round powerful feelings
4. Dynamic Subpart of Lyric:
5. Flat a. Ode – expression of enthusiasm
and dignity to someone you love
MAJOR GENRE OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE b. Elegy – represent a tone of a deep
Poetry feeling of a personal grief for
someone who passed away
– Literary written in verse that make up stanzas c. Sonnet – intended primarily to be
– It is expressed through meter and rhyme sung and has the particular
– It is authentic and written in individual made melodious quality require by the
of expression singing voice
2. Narrative – a long descriptive poem that
Elements of Poetry:
narrates a story in a sequential order about life
1. Sense – it is revealed through words, images, or events that may be real or imaginary
and symbols Part of Narrative:
a. Diction – refers to the denotative a. Epic – tells stories about life quest
ad connotative meaning of the and adventures of a superhero
lines in poetry b. Ballad – a popular narrative song
b. Image and sense – refers to the passed away orally
choice of words used to create
Drama
sensory images which appeal to
the reader’s senses – It is written in prose or verse
2. Sound – a creative use of words by the poets – Presenting in dialogue or pantomime
to imitate sounds – Intended to be acted on stage: a play
a. Rhythm – order of alternation of
strong and weak elements in the Genres of Drama:
flow of sound and silence 1. Tragedy – a play dealing with tragic events and
b. Meter – refers to the duration having an unhappy ending
stress or number of syllables per 2. Comedy – a play intended to make an
line audience to laugh
c. Rhyme scheme – formal 3. Tragicomedy – a play containing elements of
arrangement of rhymes in a stanza both comedy and tragedy
of the whole poem 4. Farce – a play with humorous, silly situation
3. Structure – refers to the arrangement of 5. Melodrama – a play that is full of exciting
words and lines to fit together and the events and in which the characters and
organization of the parts from the whole emotions seem too exaggerated to be real
a. Whole order – natural arrangement
of word each line
 Elements of Drama: Non – fiction
1. Plot – a series of events in story – It is based on facts and the authors opinion
2. Characters – actors and actresses about a subject
3. Settings – stage directions
21st Century Literature Genres
4. Dialogue – the lines delivered by the actors
Types of Dialogue: 1. Illustrated Novel
a. Aside – short speech delivered by 2. Digi – fiction
the actor to the audience in order 3. Graphic Novel
reveal personal feelings 4. Manga
b. Soliloquy – short speech delivered 5. Doodle Fiction
by the actor by uttering his inner 6. Text – talk Novels
thought to the audience in order to 7. Chick lit
reveal personal feelings 8. Flash Fiction
9. Creative Non – fiction
Fiction
10. Science Fiction
– A literary created from writers imagination 11. Blog
– Not presented as a fact 12. Hyper Poetry
Types of Fiction: Manga
1. Chick lit – addresses issues of modern – Japanese word for comics
womanhood
2. Flash fiction – style of fiction which extreme • Shonen – boys manga (Naruto, Bleach, and
brevity One Piece)
3. Speculative Fiction – a fantastical stories • Shojoh – girls manga (Sailor moon)
4. Novel – a lengthy narrative stories separated • Seinen – mens manga (Akira)
into series of chapter • Josei – womens manga (Lovelets and Paradise
5. Short story – a short narrative story which Kiss)
focuses on a single plot • Kodomo – childrens manga (Doraemon and
Elements of Short story: Hello Kitty)
a. Setting – refers to the time, place
Ameri – manga
and condition in which the story
happened
b. Characters – actors and actresses
c. Plot – a series of events in a story GREEK LITERATURE
d. Conflict – struggle or complication
GREEK ROMAN DOMINION SYMBOLS
in the story
e. Moods – atmosphere and tone of God of the Oak and
Zeus Jupiter
the story Sky Thunderbolt
f. Theme – central ideas of the story
g. Symbols – images and objects Goddess
Peacock
used in the story Hera Juno of
and Cow
h. Point of view – voiced used by the Marriage
writer as narrator God of the Horse and
Poseidon Neptune
3 Point of views: Sea Trident

1. First person Goddess

2. Second person of Myrtle tree
Aphrodite Venus
3. Third person Love and and Dove
Beauty
 God of CHINESE LITERATURE
Music Laurel tree
Apollo Apollo Characteristics of Chinese Language
and and Dove
Healing • Monosyllabic
• Tonal Language
God of Vulture and
Ares Mars
War Dog Chinese writing
Goddess Cypress – Ideograph – 50, 000
Artemis Diana of tree and – Written from top to bottom
Hunt Deer
5 Classic Books
Goddess
Olive tree 1. The Book of Changes – divination (I – Ching)
Athena Minerva of
and Oak 2. The Book of History – Shangsu
Wisdom
3. The Book of Rites – Ceremony (Li ji)
God of 4. The Book of Odes – Love and Respect (Shih
Hephaes Anvil and
Vulcan Fire Ching) *305 poems
tus Forge
and Forge 5. The Spring and Autumn Annals – State of Lu
(Chun qui)
Messenge
Caduceus
Hermes Mercury r Greatest Chinese Poets
and Maia
of God
1. Wang Wei – Beauties of Nature
Goddess 2. Li Po (Li Tai Po) – Good Things in Life
Demeter Ceres of Wheat 3. Tu Fu – War and Bitterness
Harvest 4. Po chu I – Political and Morality
5. Tao Chien – First Master of Shin
Goddess
Hestia Vesta of Fire Timeline of Chinese Literature (1800s –1900s)
Hearth
1800 – Modern Chinese was developed
God of
Dionysus Bacchus Grapevine 1949 – Chinese communist ordered Chinese to create
Wine
writings that easily understood
1966 – 1976 – Cultural Revolution Political and Social
Five main Dialects
1989 – Chinese government arrested writers who
1. Attic Ionic supported pro – democratic movement
2. Greek Archean
1990 – Cultural Fever
3. Aeolic
4. Doric The Great Chinese Philosophers
5. Northwest Greek
Lao Tzu
Important Authors
– Father of Taoism
• Homer – blind poet – Tao Te Ching – way and its power
• Sophocles – dramatist, wrote 123 plays
• Euclid – wrote the book entitled “elements” Taoism – freedom from desires, simplicity and
• Aristophanes – write comedies understanding the universe
• Euripides – greek tragedian Confucius
Different Ages – Confucianism – ruism
– concerned with moral behaviors
1. Homeric Age
2. Attic Age
3. Hellenic Age
 Analects – collected saying of Confucius Collection of Poetry
Kung – proper name 1. Manyoshu
– collection of myriad leaves
Fu – reverse
– a collection of ten thousand leaves
Tse – teacher 2. One Hundred Persons

4 Classic Novel of Chinese Literature POEMS

1. Water margin 1. Haiku

2. Journey to the West – 17 syllables
3. Romance of the 3 Kingdom – 5–7–5
4. Dream of Red Chamber – w/o rhyme
– “in every action there’s always reaction
newton’s famous law”
JAPANESE LITERATURE 2. Tanka
– 31 syllables
Katakana – 5–7–5–7–7
– Japan’s Alphabet
– 47 character
Hiragana and Kanji
Kojiki or Furukotofumi
– Records of ancient matters
– “an account of ancient matters”
– 180 sections
Nihongi
– Revised/ newly chronicles of Japan
– Tells early history of Japan
3 Types of Japanese Drama
1. Noh play
2. Joruri play
3. Kabuki play
Noh Play
– The national theater of japan
– Musical drama
– Derived from sino – Japanese
– supernaturals human beings
Joruri Play
– also known as bunraku
– ningyo – doll
– puppet play
– doll theater
Kabuki Play
– play for the masses
– mask play