:

Conduction:
TFIR IE =

Adiation:
PEAT"Pnet=2oA(TIE") Amass= 8 Expansion:
2=45=ITBES
-
de = -
KA

satomheadoneare attes
No force between mols, justwhen collisin
umptions: -Gashasmanymolecules king.Laserisnotori
-

4iP P mv
between mole and walls
= =

Elastic collisions
direction -Random ofmotion reaced,
-

dipoles random orientation, tales energy from motion

BE:x=

Net cornasit notpinion

Ideal Gas:PV=nBT

pracavirintom
f ole
Evaporative:Atoms held in trap, fastest IE
e

Ibar 185Pa
=
-

escape, reducing
latm=1.813 x 195 Pa

EkT = mcrYar 1013 millibar

=
Emp:Avg, translational KE/molecule teat:Flow ofE. due to temp. diff. tque:Heat
flow stops

renewed UnassWithreal ener

- -

Vmaxy with

Liquid molecules -
Xmas most probable
Speed
>
RTMIVYar
nrtees vir et
path:X-
free
VimCarta
- E
Var =
=

↳between
collisions

Walls:pta"?nt
em point:when
them.Itarisien,oirnter
Solid - Vapour Doit

elative
one mole of

B
gas
sublimation when

Phase Diagrams:

due
in

are
Won--Way
A I
-mi capacity:Oreg, to
Heat raise Ig
T of by 1K
at.V:ncAT=nc!Atto
=
in
↓
mT ST
whole
=
v=
nc'sc
m Mc
=
=

P:ndpEncT+PSU kFar= uRT endto moveheatfrom rele

W:S.Par
a
I Jrg.K sample
AQ: CAT
CIM nc =
done

↳variables:P, V, T, Eint
In complete cycle W:Area stint 0
=

-A
Aiabatic:
Taketive
istacosatAcostatis*
:F
-

ITF=
=
Iti
: T 2
v -cAsinat amax=--> Kmass:Ac 8 N+ f
=
+

I ma
=

wAcosat
=

a= -
Vma= Av=> Unass= Ac
Al Energy SHM: IPE The PE is at equilibrium position and has
Etiosat-maAcosat-marece
a

E
-

U =
extremes of displacement maxima at the

in"HmmWetateentinentattenasmumageare
=

editum:i 15
a

T= 2π
=

I
2
in patisplacement senoscillations:Mercit"enc"of?
ne
----
singloso x= cos(aut-p) => rwas- In (sink)
Au Yersin m
Erw am =

2 ↓Amplitude I tan(
=>
=

-w)
==
with
Phase
Amed:(WI: (Cr?_O= Aencossa't+f) bar=2mw. *(A+BE b>2mwo
↳f with benwo - X
↓
Overcamping (slow return amasteries
UAE,
no
damping
critical
damping oscillations) to
equil. 3
B m
swist=onality factor -> air/water
-

of
sound:
e
=
= v
Not
=

for were damping M30x18

=

Travelling Harmonic waves:

Power of a travelling wave on a
string: Pmasi2+ Par
-)] r f=
=

Pau M, F z =
Impedance

↓ 4 vE
ty =

were number Gradm -

Ending
waves" front Y int?
y 2A,sin(ex) (os(wt)
=
fiaxolgo) ↳"Wi