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    Commutation

    Uploaded by

    svawhites
    The document discusses the process of commutation in electric motors. Commutation is the reversal of current in a coil as it crosses the magnetic north-south axis. It must be completed during the brief commutation period when the coil is short-circuited. Ideal commutation fully reverses the current, while non-ideal commutation results in sparking due to incomplete reversal. The process is illustrated through diagrams of a coil's current decreasing to zero and then increasing in the reverse direction during short-circuit.

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    Commutation

    Uploaded by

    svawhites
    14 views10 pages
    The document discusses the process of commutation in electric motors. Commutation is the reversal of current in a coil as it crosses the magnetic north-south axis. It must be completed during the brief commutation period when the coil is short-circuited. Ideal commutation fully reverses the current, while non-ideal commutation results in sparking due to incomplete reversal. The process is illustrated through diagrams of a coil's current decreasing to zero and then increasing in the reverse direction during short-circuit.

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    The document discusses the process of commutation in electric motors. Commutation is the reversal of current in a coil as it crosses the magnetic north-south axis. It must be completed during the brief commutation period when the coil is short-circuited. Ideal commutation fully reverses the current, while non-ideal commutation results in sparking due to incomplete reversal. The process is illustrated through diagrams of a coil's current decreasing to zero and then increasing in the reverse direction during short-circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views10 pages

    Commutation

    Uploaded by

    svawhites
    The document discusses the process of commutation in electric motors. Commutation is the reversal of current in a coil as it crosses the magnetic north-south axis. It must be completed during the brief commutation period when the coil is short-circuited. Ideal commutation fully reverses the current, while non-ideal commutation results in sparking due to incomplete reversal. The process is illustrated through diagrams of a coil's current decreasing to zero and then increasing in the reverse direction during short-circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    COMMUTATION???

    •
    The process by which the current in the short circuited coil is
    reversed while it crosses the MNA is called ‘Commutation’
    •
    The brief period during which the coil remains short- circuited
    is known as ‘Commutation Period’
    •
    If the current reversal ie. The change from ‘+I’ to zero and
    then to ‘-I’ is completed by the end of short circuit or
    commutation period, then the commutation is ‘ideal
    commutation’.

    •
    If current reversal is not complete by that time, then it will
    result in sparking in the brushes resulting in a ‘non-ideal
    commutation.’

    •
    Let us discuss the process of commutation or current
    reversal in more detail with the help of the figures.
    •
    Consider the fig shown below-
    •
    Coil B is about to be short circuited because brush is
    about to come in contact with commutator segment ‘a’.
    •
    It is assumed that each coil carries 20A,so that
    brush current is 40A.
    •
    Prior to the beginning of short-circuit, coil B belongs to the
    group of coils lying to
    the left of brush & carries 20A from left to right.
    •
    In the fig shown here coil B has entered its period of short
    circuit and approximately at one-third of this period.
    •
    The through coil B has reduced down from 20A to 10A
    because the other 10A flows via segment ‘a’.

    •
    As the area of contact of brush is more with segment ‘b’
    than with segment ‘a’, it receives 30A from the former, the
    total again being 40A.
    •
    Again consider the fig shown-
    •
    Now the coil B is in the middle of the short-circuite
    period.
    •
    The current through it has decreased to zero.

    •
    The two currents of 20A each, pass to the brush directly
    from coil A & coil C as shown. The brush contact areas
    with the two segment ‘b’ & ‘a’ are equal.
    •
    Consider the shown below:-In this fig coil B has became the part of
    the group of coils lying to the right of the brush.
    •
    It is seen that brush contact area with segment ‘b’ is decreasing
    rapidly whereas that with segment ‘a’ is increasing.

    •
    Coil B now carries 10A in the reverse direction which combine
    with 20A supplied by coil A to make up 30A that passes from
    segment ‘a’ to the brush, the other 10A is supplied by coil C to the
    brush.
    •
    From the fig show now depicts the moment when coil B is
    almost at the end of commutation period. For ideal
    commutation, current through it should have reversed by
    now but, as shown it is carrying 15A only (instead of 20
    A).
    •
    The difference of current between coils C & B
    ie. 20-15=5A, jumps directly from segment ‘b’ to the brush
    through air producing spark.
    •
    If the change of current through coil B are plotted on a time
    base it will be represented by a horizontal line AB upto the
    beginning of commutation period.
    •
    From the finish of commutation the current will be
    represented by another horizontal line CD.
    •
    The way in which current changes from its positive value to
    zero and then to negative value depends on how coil B
    undergoes commutation.
    •
    If the change of current through coil B are plotted on a time
    base it will be represented by a horizontal line AB upto the
    beginning of commutation period.
    •
    From the finish of commutation the current will be
    represented by another horizontal line CD.
    •
    The way in which current changes from its positive value to
    zero and then to negative value depends on how coil B
    undergoes commutation.

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