HMT Lab Instruction Manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF
INSULATING POWER
SCIENTIFIC
& ENGG.WORKS
R.K. SCIENTIFIC AND ENGG. WORKS

laxmi vihar, Malakpur-Latifpur, Near Shanidev Mandir,
New Hardwar Road, Roorkee-247667
e-mail: [email protected] , [email protected]
Mob No, 9412919764, Phone No 01332274252
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING POWER
1. OBJECTIVES:
To study the heat transfer conduction in insulating powder.
2. AIM:
Tocalculate the thermal conductivity of insulating powder.

3. NTRODUCTION
In many heat transfer equipments, heat loss to surroundings is to be maíntaíned to achieve
maximum economy in such cases they are tagged by materials of lower thermal
conductivity, which are referred as insulators. Because of demand of such insulating
materials, many industries have come up to produce such materíal. Preference isgiven to
procedure materials having lower thermal conductivities. Also, these materíals are available
in different shapes, sizes and forms of powders. Powders have the advantage that they can
take any complicated shape between any two confirming surfaces. In addition, its
conductivity will be much lower than that of the Basic solid from which the powder has been
made. This is because of a very large number of air spaces in between particles, which have
much lower thermal conductivity values. Thermal conductivity of such materials is a
complicated function of the geometry of the particles, the nature of heat transfer,
conduction, convection and radiation in air spaces, which is determined by the air space size
and temperature level etc. Thus, it is very difficult quantity to estimate and almost in all
practical cases it is measured experimentally.
4. THEORY:
Consider the transfer of heat by conduction through the wall of hollow sphere formed by the
insulating powdered layer packed between two thin copper spheres.
Let:
r,= radius of inner sphere in m

r,= radius of outer sphere in m
T=average temperature of the inner surface in C
T, = average temperature of the outer surface in C
From the Experimental values of q, T, and T, the unknown thermal conductivity kcan be
determined by following formulae.
5. DESCRIPTION:
The apparatus consists of two thin-walled concentric spheres of copper of different size. The
small inner copper sphere is provided with the heater. The insulating powder (Asbestos) is
packed between the two spheres. The temperature sensors at proper positions are fitted to
measure surface temperature of spheres. Voltmeter and ammeter is provided with dimmer
stat and variac to measure the heat input.
6. UTILITIES REQUIRED:
6.1
Electricity Supply: Single Phase, 220 V
AC, 50 Hz, 5-15 Amp combined socket with
earth connection.
6.2 Bench Area Required: 1m x 1m
7. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
7.1 STARTING PROCEDURE:
7.1.1 Ensure that mains ON/OFF switch given on the panel is at OFF position anddimmer
stat is at zero position.
7.1.2 Connect electric supply to the set up.
7.1.3 Switch ON the mains ON/OFF switch.
7.1.4 Set the heater input by the dimmer stat, voltmeter in the range 40 to 100 volt.
7.1.5 After 1.5 hrs. note down the reading of voltmeter, ampere meter and temperature
sensors at every 10minutes interval (till observing change in consecutive readings of
temperatures).
7.2 CLOSING PROCEDURE:
7.2.1 When experiment is over set the dimmer stat to zero position.
7.2.2 Switch OFF the mains ON/OFF switch.

7.2.3 Switch OFF the power supply to the set up.
8. OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION:
8.1 DATA:
inner radius r, = 0.05 m
Outer radius r, = 0.1 m

8.2OBSERVATION TABLE
T; T, T, T To
Sr. T, T,
(°c) (°C) (°C) (°C) (C) (C) (°C) (°C) (°C)

No. (volt) (Amp) (°C)
8.3 CALCULATIONS:
Q=Vxl(W)
(W/mC)
CALCULATION TABLE:
Sl.No. K(W/m C)
9. NOMENCLATURE:
Nom Column Heading Units Type
Ammeter reading Amp Measured
k Thermal conductivity of insulating powder W/mC Calculated
Amount of heat transfer W Calculated
Inner radius m Given

r
Outer radius m Given
T,-T, Temperature of temperature sensors embedded on Measured
the inner sphere

Ts-Tio Temperatures of temperature sensos embedded on Measured
the outer sphere

T Inside surface temperature Calculated
To Outside surface temperature Calculated
V Voltmeter reading Volts Measured
10. PRECAUSTION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS:

10.1
Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 200
volts and more than z30
volts.
10.2
evei switcn ON mains power supply before ensuring that all the ON/OFF switches
given on the panel are at OFF
position.
10.3
Operate selector switch of temperature indicator gently
10.4 Always keep the apparatus free from dust.
11, TROUBLESH0OTING
11.1 If electric panel is not showing the input on the mains light, check the main supply.
11.2 If voltmeter showing the voltage given to heater but ampere meter does not, check
the connection of heater in control panel.
12. REFERENCES:
12.1 Holman, J.P. (2008), Heat Transfer 9th Ed. ND. MCGraw Hillpp. 25-27.
12.2 Coulson, J.M. Richardson, J.F. (1996) Chenmical Engineering Volt. 1, 5th Ed. ND: Asian
Books Ltd. Pp 349-350.

VOLTMETER
AMMETER
SHELL
TEMPERATURE
INDICATOR
SELECTOR
SWITCH
POWER SWITCH
HEATER SWITCH
HEATER CONTROL
T6
T1
T5 T2
HEATER
SUPPLY
T7
T10
T3 T1 TO T10THERMOCOUPLE
T4
SETTING
T8
T9

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INSTRUCTION MANUAL

R.K. SCIENTIFIC AND ENGG. WORKS

Tocalculate the thermal conductivity of insulating powder.

r,= radius of inner sphere in m

6.2 Bench Area Required: 1m x 1m

7.1 STARTING PROCEDURE:

7.2 CLOSING PROCEDURE:

7.2.2 Switch OFF the mains ON/OFF switch.

8. OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION:

inner radius r, = 0.05 m

Outer radius r, = 0.1 m

(°c) (°C) (°C) (°C) (C) (C) (°C) (°C) (°C)

Nom Column Heading Units Type

Ammeter reading Amp Measured

k Thermal conductivity of insulating powder W/mC Calculated

Amount of heat transfer W Calculated

Inner radius m Given

Outer radius m Given

T,-T, Temperature of temperature sensors embedded on Measured

the inner sphere

the outer sphere

To Outside surface temperature Calculated

V Voltmeter reading Volts Measured

10. PRECAUSTION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS:

Books Ltd. Pp 349-350.

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