TEAM FOUR FINEAPPLES

Madhusudan Chhangani Latasha Tanwar Umesh Gawale Mansi Maheshwari

2nd Year MBA 2nd Year MBA 2nd Year MBA 2nd Year MBA
student, student, student, student,
IIM Bangalore, IIM Bangalore, IIM Bangalore, IIM Bangalore,
PGP PGP PGPBA PGP

Summers at A&M Consulting Summers at Vinculum Soln Summers at Citi Bank

Summers at Barclays
B.Tech (Mech. Engg.) B.E. (Electronics Eng.) SRCC’17
Chartered Accountant 2016
NIT Rourkela - 2017 S.P.I.T., Mumbai
3 Years Work Experience 3 Years Work Experience 3 Years Work Experience 2 Years Work Experience
Senior Manager, Senior, EY Decision Scientist, Tax Analyst
Tata Motors Asst. Manager, Deloittee Mu Sigma EY

CEO CFO CTO CMO

 CAMERA LASER COORDINATION
A modular weed elimination system that is facilitated by real-time deep learning-based image detection

System Layout for Camera-Laser Co-ordination Deep Learning based Detection

Machine Vision CPU LASER

Stereo Camera 457nm Singleshot Laser

Collects spatial image Activated based on trigger
data of crops for from processor
classification

 YOLOv4 (You Only Look Once)

Raspberry Pi (One stage Image detection model)
Brain of the system that
controls motors, laser  Trained on weed dataset
and other sensors (13k+ images, 19k+ annotations)

NVIDIA® Jetson™ Galvanometer  Trained up to 2000 steps

Real-time identification of Directs Laser beam on
weed species target co-ordinates  minimum Average Precision(mAP):
90.6%
 TARGET CUSTOMERS AND MARKET SIZING
Targeting the medium & large farmers having 4+ hectares in 7 key states through strategic outreach channels

Target Customer Segment Geographic segmentation

Low & Med Medium and Tenant Punjab

Income Farmers Large Farmers Farmers Haryana
(<4 Hectares) (4+ Hectares)
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
Market Size Assessment
Madhya Pradesh
Approach #Farmers
Maharashtra
~100 M
Total Farmer Population
~4 M
Medium and Large farmers (~4% of total farmer population)
Karnataka
(4+ Ha)
~2.5 M
Serviceable Market
(~60% in top 7 states)

~1 M
Obtainable Market (~40% of serviceable market)
 GO TO MARKET STRATEGY
A balanced mix of traditional and digital channels is required to reach deep into rural areas

Voice of Farmers Outreach channels

Meri 6 acre ki zameen pe weed nikalne Awareness Distribution Sales

ke liye saal mein Rs. 30,000 kharcha
Agri-vehicle
karna padta hai. Aur inn hanikarak Distribution Channel
pesticides se humari acchi fasal ka bhi
nuksaan hota hai aur humari sehat pe bhi Digital Channels like
galat asar padta hai” India mart

– Mr. Satish Munje, Satara based farmer Regional Krishi Mela

and Cattle Fair

Har saal iss gaon mein kapaas ki kheti Rural Banking

karne wale 50 kissano ki zeherile Outlets
chemicals ke kaaran maut hoti hai. Isse
aur bhi dikkatein hoti hai jaise saans lene mein Electric
takleef, aankho mein kamzori, sir chakrana” Agri-Channel

– Mr. Chetan Dhawad, Amravati based farmer Electric Reseller in

Rural Market
 COST- BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR FARMERS
An investment in Terrabot will lead to cost savings equal to 2 yrs. of Farmer’s correct annual costs

Cost of Ownership for Farmer for Terrabot Farmer’s Current Cost

4.5 In 000’s
In 000’s
6 17
30
16
12
4
30
5
9 62
7
5
11 Pay back Period EMI Plan
94 =
15
2 years ₹2,000 PM
9
100

Assumptions:
1. Overall yield loss due to weeds is 10% - (Source: www.fao.org/3/a0884e/a0884e.pdf)
2. We have assumed average holding size of 7 Hectares with the Middle and Large income farmers.
 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR BUSINESS
Expected break-even in the 2nd year of operations and growth of revenue

Key Figures Financial Projections

In Millions
Sales Profit Profitability
Break Even Period Break Even Unit 8%
7%
16 1187 5%
6%

Months Units

Valuation Capital Requirement

₹ 1341 ₹ 10.47
Million Million -11%

107
1,369
69
249

622

995
38
13
25

-3
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
Avenues of Fundraising
In Millions #Units 300 3,000 7,500 12,000 16,500

2.4 Mn 2.1 Mn 6 Mn CAC 5,000 1,500 1,200 1,125 900

Promoter Equity Debt Angel Investors
 A GLIPMSE OF WAY FORWARD
Developing Terra platform as end-to-end ecosystem to maximize value creation for farmers

Planned Product Extension Possible Service Extensions

TERRA
Short term High Platform Long Term Medium

1 Terrabeam – Handheld Weedkiller 3 TerraMart – eMarketplace for Farmers

Laser End  Useful for hilly tea-

plantation, remote farming
areas
 Highly cost-effective
 Requires extensive labour 4 TerraNews – One-stop Information Portal

2 Add-ons for Terrabot

Soil Monitoring Plant Diseases

System Detection
 Board of Directors / Mentors
Privileged to be backed by renowned experts in the field

THANK YOU! Rahul De’ Suresh Bhagavatula

Professor of AI & Professor of
Information System, IIMB Entrepreneurship, IIMB

Awarded top 10 AI researchers by Microenterprise Coordinator at Krishi

Analytics India Magazine Vigyan Kendra

Aviraj Rathi Praveen Kulkarni

Managing Partner, SKR General Manager,
Agrotech Schneider Electric

Work ex @ Rashtriya Chemicals & Category Manager for APAC region at

Fertilizers Ltd Schneider Electric
 Master Annexure
Consolidated list of deep dives for the Terrabot – Technical, Financial, Market, Specifications etc.

Technical Financial Market Others

AI DCF based Lean Issues

Algorithm Valuation Canvas with
& Data Glyphosate
& GBHs
Standards, Research & Farmer
Specs & CPU Development Market Types of
Cost Weeds
Alternate
Uses & Organization Comparing
Battery Chart Alternatives
Utilization

Mobile
Application
 Annexure 1A
Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for machine vision

Error Rate – 1 to 2% (probability of the Object Detection Fast Faster R-CNN R-FCN SSD YOLOv4
Algorithm (Region (Region (Single Shot (You Only
laser shooting something other than the R-CNN R-CNN
Comparison based CNN) based FCN) Detector) Look Once)
weed) – False Positives
Stages 2 2 2 2 1 1
Accuracy Range – 90-95% based on the Frames per
10 5 7 10 to 15 50-60 45 to 155
type of weed and crop types second
Training Time
8.75 5 84 40 NA 55
(Hours)
Devices used for clicking images (training Test Time
2.3 0.2 49 30 NA 12 to 15
set): Intel RealSense D435, Canon EOS (seconds)
800D, and Sony W800 Detection Time 100 ms 50 ms 333 ms NA NA 12 ms

AP 55.02% 57.65% 73.08% 58.02% 46.46% 93.26%

mAP 66.90% 66.90% 67.61% 44.54% 41.52% 88.67%

shoot

Shoot
 Annexure 1B
Specifications of the Sub-Systems and Indian Standards for Robots

Asimov's 3 laws states that a robot: Indian Standards - Robots & Robotic Devices Safety Requirements for Industrial Robots
•may not injure a human being or, through inaction, Part 2 Robot Systems and Integration ( First Revision )
allow a human being to come to harm; Tech Committee : PGD 18 ( Industrial And Production Automation Systems And Robotics)
•must obey the orders given by human beings, except Global Standards -
where such orders would conflict with the first law; and EN ISO 10218-1: Robots and robotic devices - Safety requirements for industrial robots
•must protect its own existence if such protection does EN ISO 10218-2: Robots and robotic devices - Safety requirements for industrial robots;
not conflict with the above two principles. robot systems and integration

Camera
Solar Panels Size – 38 * 38 * 18.4 mm
Monocrystalline Silicon Cells 12.3 MP HD Capability
100W, 18V, 6A (Max – 1000V) Sony IMX477 Sensor
Weight – 6.8 kg

Laser
Wheels 457nm Single Shot – multiple
Tread Size – 0.5” output power of 10mW to 1W
Inner Diameter – 3” Air cooled, Lightweight & runs on
Outer Diameter – 6” standard power (220V)
High Traction – Rough and Battery
Muddy Terrain Capability Weight – 1.5kg, Capacity – 150 Watt-hr
Rating – 12Ah / 12V, charging at 220V
Charging Time – 2-3 hrs
Self Discharge Rate – 5% per month @25 degrees
Easy Detachable (supports multiple battery use on the bot)
Sources: https://www.mondaq.com/india/new-technology/612028/industrial-automation-and-robot-law-in-india
 Annexure 1C
Alternate Uses of the Robot

Terrabot as a source of electricity:

Frequent and prolonged power cuts are reality of Indian farming. With LED
simple additions, a charging module can be installed on Terrabot Lanterns
which can be subsequently used to operate emergency lights, charge
smartphones etc.

Early Detection of Plant Diseases:

The existing hardware such as machine vision system on the Terrabot

can be utilized to identify presence of plant diseases in the crop at
nascent stage itself. It will allow farmers take early actions and
ultimately increase the overall production of the crop.
*Research by Justine Boulent et. al. (2019)

Check Soil Metrics & Weather metrics by added sensor arrays:

New modular sensors can be connected to Terrabot to make it a

wholesome experience for the farmers helping them check various
soil parameters, weather reports, etc
Annexure 1C
Utilization of power generated by the battery and solar panel creates a reserve of 169 units

Terrabot would house a 150W lithium battery & 60W solar panel which will
not only power the robot but also provide reserve power for up to 4 hrs

*Unit is Watt-hour
 Annexure 1D
UI of mobile application to operate and monitor Terrabot

The mobile application acts as a central monitoring

system for tracking the weed removal process and other Features:
associated processes that can be related to farming.
Home Page • Real Time Monitoring

Jan 31 13:41 The App is given complementary with the Terrabot and • Color coordinated paths to
81.5 F Windy based on the level of complexity the farmer wants, showcase progress
certain features like Farmer Directory of the place, • Geotagging boundaries of the farm
Farmer Weather updates, Customer Care and other services
• Calculate total completion time and
Directory are provided
no. of rounds
Weed • Alert system when the process is
Control
Battery
90% Level
Battery Level 99% Time40%
Required 04:35 hrs
Task Completed complete or obstacles

Water • Allows crop monitoring, pest

Farm Name:
Estimated Time to Omkar
CompletionRanade,
– 12 Hours Cotton
Control monitoring and disease detection
• Gives Weather and Soil information
Customer
Care to make informed decisions
• Live camera feed

Home Connectivity Analysis More

*Suggestive UI of the application

 Annexure 2A
Valuation based on discounted cashflow
In Millions

Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6

Market Share 0.03% 0.3% 0.75% 1.20% 1.65% 1.73%
PAT (2.7) 13.4 38.0 69.4 107.2 113.6
Add: Non Cash
Exp
Depreciation 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Amortization 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 -
Cashflow (1.76) 14.28 39.38 70.83 108.61 114.6
Terminal Value 1909.33
Discount factor 0.9091 0.8264 0.7513 0.6830 0.6209
Present Value (-1.5955) 11.80 29.58 48.38 1252.98

Assumptions:
1.Cost of capital is assumed to be 10% for discounting.
2.Constant growth rate is assumed to 4% from 6th year of business
 Annexure 2B
Capital Requirement Schedule

Capital Requirement Region Partner

In Millions
2 Maharashtra

2.5
3.87 Punjab

2.1

10.47 Karnataka

Haryana
1. R&D consists salary cost of 5 engineers for 6
months or 3 engineers for 1 year based on the
requirement and salary offered
Uttar Pradesh
2. Material cost worth Rs. 8 Lakh that includes the
mechanical parts, CPU and other electronics,
Laser and Solar Panels.
Madhya Pradesh
 Annexure 2C
Organization Chart
CEO

CFO CTO CMO

Finance & Accounts R&D Division Marketing Division

1 Accountant 5 engineers *Outsourced content creation

Manufacturing Div. Sales Division

Compliance & reporting 12 Labour 1 Customer Relation
1 Executive 1 Supervisor

**Human cost is expected to be 13% of the revenue in the 5th year, excluding salary of founders
 Annexure 3A
Lean Canvas

Unique Value
Key Partners Solution Unfair Advantage Customer Segments
Proposition

1. Glyphosate is an 1. Weed removal robot 1. Chemical free, 1. Expert mentorship & 1. Medium and Large
extensively used suitable for rough sustainable, cost- endorsement farmers with 4+
herbicide, but it has terrain effective & easy to use hectares of land or
serious side effects 2. AI based machine one of a kind solar 2. Credible Farmer average monthly
like birth defects, vision to identify weed powered weed network income above INR
pollution, etc. 3. Real time monitoring of removal robot 25,000
weed removal process
2. Glyphosate is getting 4. Other uses : Power
banned in countries source, early detection
like Mexico, of plant disease
Channels
Germany, France
Key Metrics 1. Regional Krishi Mela
3. No chemical free 2. Rural Banking Outlets
replacement • Weed Detection
3. Electric Reseller in
available in Indian Accuracy
Rural Market
market • Savings compared
4. Online E-commerce
to chemical use

Cost Structure Revenue Streams

1. Research & Development cost, Marketing cost, Rental cost, 1. Sale of Terrabot
Administrative cost – Fixed Costs 2. Commission Income from Financing
2. Raw Materials, Labor and Overhead Costs – Variable Costs
Annexure 3B
Average monthly Income of farmers by size of land holding

As we can see from the graph on the left, the total average
income for Medium and Large farmers is greater than other
section of landholding farmers, also these farmers have
their maximum income from farms and not wages as shown
in the graph above
 Annexure 3B
Average monthly Income of farmers by size of land holding

Land Class 0.01- 0.4-1 1-2 2-4 4-10 10+ The table on the left shows
Based on Total change in costs of farmers
0.4
Land from different landholding
categories into various cost
Possessed
heads like Seeds, Manual
Seed Cost -6% -7% -6% -6% -8% -8% Labor, Interest on Loan,
Irrigation, Machinery etc.
Fertilizer -1% 0% -1% 0% -2% -1%
We see that farmers with
Plant Protection 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 0% more than 4 hectares of
land are moving towards
Manual Labor -2% 2% 3% 2% -2% -4% automation and spending
less on manual labor and
Interest 0% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% more on machinery,
electricity etc. This shows
Lease Rent 2% 0% 1% 2% 6% 6% that the farmers in this
category have already
Other Costs 6% 3% 0% -1% -1% 6% moved towards an
(Irrigation, automated agriculture and
Electricity, Terrabot can play a useful
Machine etc.) part in that.
 Annexure 4A
Continuous use of GBHs increases resistance in weeds, over 500 unique resistant weeds are found globally

Issues with Glyphosate & GBHs

• Glyphosate is carcinogenic and causes oesophageal

cancer on prolonged use
• Glyphosate can cause Kidney related issues on chemical
exposure
• Causes Birth defects and may result in spontaneous
abortions
• Potential Pollution of waterbodies near farmlands can affect
millions

Why Weed Removal is Important

• Manual Weed removal is expensive & highly labour

intensive
• Weeds can severely affect overall agricultural yield from
the farm
• Indian farmers loose ₹ 11 Billion due to weed attributed
agricultural loss
• Weed is the leading cause affecting crops, ranking higher
than pests and diseases
 Annexure 4B
10 most found weeds in India

Nut Grass Scutch Grass Johnson Grass Santa Maria feverfew Pluchea Lanceolata
(Cyperus rotundus) (Cynodon dactylon) (Sorghum Halepense) (Parthenium hysterophorus)

Striga Common Wild Oat Saccharum West Indian Lantana Silverleaf Nightshade
(Striga Spp.) (Avena Fatua L.) Spontaneum (Lantana Camara L.) (Solanum Elaegnifolium)
 Annexure 4C
Comparison of Terrabot against available alternatives

Alternative Effective weed Operationally Ease of

Cost effectiveness Automation Sustainability
Solution removal feasible Training

Glyphosate Medium Low High Low Medium Medium

Spray

Manual Uprooting High Low Low High Low High

by Farmer

Terra-Bot Medium High High High High Medium

 PROPOSED SOLUTION
Terrabot - Solar-powered weed-removing robot suitable for Indian farming conditions

Schematic diagram of Terrabot with major subsystems

Solar Panels
Machine Vision
Provides sustainable
power source in the Computer Vision based
remotest farmlands to Infra-red camera that
increase accessibility differentiates the crops
from unwanted weeds

Rocker Bogie

The mechanism
provides all terrain Guided Laser
capabilities to the robot
for smooth functioning The Laser microbursts
target the stem of weed
and kills them to prevent
growth