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    End Sem

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    This document contains 5 problems related to particle physics. Problem 1 asks to find conditions on coefficients such that new fermionic oscillators satisfy anti-commutation relations and leave the Hamiltonian invariant. Problem 2 asks about the state of a photon moving at c/2 in a different frame. Problem 3 shows trace identities involving momenta. Problem 4 asks to identify propagating fields and masses from a given action. Problem 5 asks to find mass eigenstates and eigenvalues from a Dirac mass term.

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    End Sem

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    24 views2 pages
    This document contains 5 problems related to particle physics. Problem 1 asks to find conditions on coefficients such that new fermionic oscillators satisfy anti-commutation relations and leave the Hamiltonian invariant. Problem 2 asks about the state of a photon moving at c/2 in a different frame. Problem 3 shows trace identities involving momenta. Problem 4 asks to identify propagating fields and masses from a given action. Problem 5 asks to find mass eigenstates and eigenvalues from a Dirac mass term.

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    This document contains 5 problems related to particle physics. Problem 1 asks to find conditions on coefficients such that new fermionic oscillators satisfy anti-commutation relations and leave the Hamiltonian invariant. Problem 2 asks about the state of a photon moving at c/2 in a different frame. Problem 3 shows trace identities involving momenta. Problem 4 asks to identify propagating fields and masses from a given action. Problem 5 asks to find mass eigenstates and eigenvalues from a Dirac mass term.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views2 pages

    End Sem

    Uploaded by

    bitman4798
    This document contains 5 problems related to particle physics. Problem 1 asks to find conditions on coefficients such that new fermionic oscillators satisfy anti-commutation relations and leave the Hamiltonian invariant. Problem 2 asks about the state of a photon moving at c/2 in a different frame. Problem 3 shows trace identities involving momenta. Problem 4 asks to identify propagating fields and masses from a given action. Problem 5 asks to find mass eigenstates and eigenvalues from a Dirac mass term.

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    of 2

    PH5480: End-sem Paper

    Ayan Mukhopadhyay

    1 Problem 1
    • Consider two fermionic oscillators satisfying the anti-commutation relations

    {a, a† } = 1, {a, a} = {a† , a† } = 0,


    {b, b† } = 1, {b, b} = {b† , b† } = 0,
    {a, b† } = {b, a† } = {b† , a† } = {b, a} = 0. (1)

    and with the Hamiltonian in the normal ordered form

    H = ϵ0 a† a − ϵ0 b† b + constant. (2)

    So one of these oscillators have energy ϵ0 and the other one −ϵ0 .
    We consider new oscillators ã and b̃ which are linear superpositions of the form

    ã = α1 a + α2 b + β1 a† + β2 b† ,
    b̃ = γ1 a + γ2 b + δ1 a† + δ2 b† (3)

    with α1 , α2 , β1 , β2 , γ1 , γ2 , δ1 and δ2 being complex numbers. Find out the condi-


    tions which α1 , α2 , β1 , β2 , γ1 , γ2 , δ1 and δ2 must satisfy such that ã, ㆠ, b̃ and b̃†
    satisfy the same anti-commutation relations (as if there were no tildes on top).

    • For which values of α1 , α2 , β1 , β2 , γ1 , γ2 , δ1 and δ2 the Hamiltonian H in (2)


    remains invariant? (Think smartly and do not employ brute force.)

    2 Problem 2
    Consider a single photon state with momentum in the z−direction and linearly po-
    larized along the x−direction. What should be the state of this photon for another

    1
    observer travelling with velocity c/2 in the y−direction? Write down the state in the
    frame of this observer as a superposition of +1 and −1 helicity states (with circular
    polarizations) and interpret it in terms of its polarization. (Does it describe linearly
    or elliptically polarized light if we compute the expectation values of the electric and
    magnetic fields in this state? If linearly polarized, then what is the plane of polariza-
    tion?)

    3 Problem 3
    Show that
    • Tr(p/1 p/2 p/3 p/4 ) = 4[(p1 · p2 )(p3 · p4 ) + (p1 · p4 )(p2 · p3 ) − (p1 · p3 )(p2 · p4 )].

    • Tr(γ5 p/1 p/2 p/3 p/4 ) = 4iϵµνρσ pµ1 pν2 pρ3 pσ4 .

    4 Problem 4
    Consider the action
    ∫ [
    1 1 1
    S = d4 x (∂µ vν )(∂ µ v ν ) − (∂µ v µ )2 + ∂µ ϕ∂ µ ϕ + α(∂µ v µ )ϕ
    2 2 2
    ]
    1 1
    − m21 ϕ2 − m22 vµ v µ , (4)
    2 2

    where α is a constant with mass dimension one. Show that the above action describes
    one or more freely propagating spin 1 vector and spin 0 scalar fields each of which is
    built out of linear combinations of v µ , ϕ and their derivatives. What are the masses of
    the corresponding particles?

    5 Problem 5
    Let ν be a Dirac fermion. Consider the following mass terms
    mR
    L = −mD νν − (ν R νc
    R + h.c.), (5)
    2
    where ψb denotes the Majorana conjugate of a Dirac fermion ψ . Find the mass eigen-
    states and eigenvalues.

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