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    Chemistry in Everyday Life

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    Snigdho Mondal
    This document discusses drugs and their uses in chemistry and everyday life. It describes how drugs interact with the body to produce biological responses, and how medicines are drugs that produce therapeutic effects. It provides examples of different classes of drugs like antacids, antihistamines, and tranquilizers. Antacids are used to reduce stomach acid, antihistamines combat allergic reactions, and tranquilizers relieve stress and anxiety.

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    Chemistry in Everyday Life

    Uploaded by

    Snigdho Mondal
    25 views3 pages
    This document discusses drugs and their uses in chemistry and everyday life. It describes how drugs interact with the body to produce biological responses, and how medicines are drugs that produce therapeutic effects. It provides examples of different classes of drugs like antacids, antihistamines, and tranquilizers. Antacids are used to reduce stomach acid, antihistamines combat allergic reactions, and tranquilizers relieve stress and anxiety.

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    Every day's Chemistry

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    This document discusses drugs and their uses in chemistry and everyday life. It describes how drugs interact with the body to produce biological responses, and how medicines are drugs that produce therapeutic effects. It provides examples of different classes of drugs like antacids, antihistamines, and tranquilizers. Antacids are used to reduce stomach acid, antihistamines combat allergic reactions, and tranquilizers relieve stress and anxiety.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    25 views3 pages

    Chemistry in Everyday Life

    Uploaded by

    Snigdho Mondal
    This document discusses drugs and their uses in chemistry and everyday life. It describes how drugs interact with the body to produce biological responses, and how medicines are drugs that produce therapeutic effects. It provides examples of different classes of drugs like antacids, antihistamines, and tranquilizers. Antacids are used to reduce stomach acid, antihistamines combat allergic reactions, and tranquilizers relieve stress and anxiety.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    CHEMISTRY IN

    EVERYDAY LIFE
    1.1 DRUGS
    A drug is a chemical substance of low molecular mass which exerts an abnormal
    effect on certain body functions. It interacts with macromolecular targets and
    produces a biological response.

    1.2 MEDICINE
    When the biological response is therapeutic and useful, a drug is referred to as a
    medicine.

    The chemicals which cause therapeutical biological response and may be useful
    in diagnosis, prevention and cure of diseases are termed as medicines.

    1.3 THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF DIFFERENT


    CLASSES OF DRUGS
    1.3.1 ANTACIDS
    Chemical substances which remove the excess acid and raise the
    pH to an appropriate level in stomach are called antacids.

    Examples: Mg (OH)2 , MgCO3 , NaHCO3

    It was discovered that histamine, a chemical released in the cells


    stimulates acidity in the stomach. Inspired by the discovery, a drug
    called cimetidine (Tegamet) was formulated to prevent the action
    of histamine in the stomach.
    Due to its importance, cimetidine remained the largest selling drug
    in the world until another drug ranitidine (Zantac) was discovered.
    Recently, omeprazole and lansoprazole have been introduced as
    antacids.

    MORE ON HISTAMINES
     Stimulates the secretion of pepsin and hydrochloric acid
     Contracts the smooth muscles in the bronchi and relaxes
    other muscles
     Responsible for nasal congestion due to common cold or
    allergic response.

    1.3.2 ANTIHISTAMINES
    The drugs used to combat the allergic effects of histamine are
    called antihistamines. Antihistamines interfere with the natural
    action of histamine by competing with histamine for binding sites
    of receptors where histamine exerts its effect.
    Examples: brompheniramine (Dimetapp), terfenadine (Seldane),
    promethazine.

    MORE ON ANTIHISTAMINES
     Have a sedative effect
     Lead to drowsiness, dizziness and dryness of the nasal and
    buccal mucosa
     Their effective dose is small
     Therefore, cause low toxicities
     Do not affect secretion of acid in the stomach

    1.3.3 NEUROLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRUGS


    The drugs which affect the message transfer mechanism form nerve
    to receptor are called neurologically active drugs.
    Tranquilizers and analgesics are such drugs.

    1.3.3.1 TRANQUILIZERS
    The chemical substances used for the treatment of
    stress, mild and severe mental diseases. Tranquilizers
    relieve anxiety, stress, irritability or excitement by
    including a sense of well-being. Tranquilizers are the
    constituents of sleeping pills.
    Examples: Noradrenaline, Valium, serotonin

    Noradrenaline is one of the several neurotransmitters


    that plays a role in mood changes.

    Commonly used tranquilizers are derivatives of


    barbituric acid, e.g., veronal, amytal, nembutal,
    luminal, Seconal. These are called barbiturates and
    they are hypnotic, i.e., sleep producing agents.

    Chlordiazepoxide, meprobamate and equanil are non-


    hypnotic tranquilizers.
    Chlordiazepoxide and meprobamate are mild, while
    equanil has strong tranquilizing effect.

    ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS
    Antidepressant drugs inhibit the enzymes which
    catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline.
    These relieves the person from depression.
    Examples: Iproniazid, phenelzine.

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