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    Manual Thermal Load - Calculations

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    Hammad Pervez
    The document discusses manual thermal load calculations for HVAC design. It covers calculating external loads from walls, windows, roofs and floors using transmission coefficients and temperature differences. Internal loads from people, lighting, equipment and ventilation are also estimated. The key steps involve collecting input data on outdoor conditions, building envelope areas and properties, occupancy details, and fresh air requirements to calculate sensible and latent heat gains and losses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Manual Thermal Load - Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Hammad Pervez
    26 views48 pages
    The document discusses manual thermal load calculations for HVAC design. It covers calculating external loads from walls, windows, roofs and floors using transmission coefficients and temperature differences. Internal loads from people, lighting, equipment and ventilation are also estimated. The key steps involve collecting input data on outdoor conditions, building envelope areas and properties, occupancy details, and fresh air requirements to calculate sensible and latent heat gains and losses.

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    Manual thermal load _calculations

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    The document discusses manual thermal load calculations for HVAC design. It covers calculating external loads from walls, windows, roofs and floors using transmission coefficients and temperature differences. Internal loads from people, lighting, equipment and ventilation are also estimated. The key steps involve collecting input data on outdoor conditions, building envelope areas and properties, occupancy details, and fresh air requirements to calculate sensible and latent heat gains and losses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views48 pages

    Manual Thermal Load - Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Hammad Pervez
    The document discusses manual thermal load calculations for HVAC design. It covers calculating external loads from walls, windows, roofs and floors using transmission coefficients and temperature differences. Internal loads from people, lighting, equipment and ventilation are also estimated. The key steps involve collecting input data on outdoor conditions, building envelope areas and properties, occupancy details, and fresh air requirements to calculate sensible and latent heat gains and losses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 48

    HVAC

    Manual thermal load


    calculations
    SHAKER CONSULTANCY GROUP
    About me
    Ibrahim Badawy

    Mechanical Design,BIM-MEP, and HVAC


    design engineer at SCG

    B.Sc.in Mechanical Power Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering , Al-Azhar Unviresty at cario
    Acumulative grade : Excellent (85%) with honor’s, and first in my class.

    Ibrahim Badawy
    Human Comfort

    Human thermal comfort is defined


    as a condition of mind, which
    expresses satisfaction with the
    surrounding environment. High
    temperatures and humidity provide
    discomfort sensations and sometimes
    heat stress (i.e., reducing the body's
    ability to cool itself)
    M-W=E±C±R±S & W=ɳ M

    M=metabolic rate
    W=work done
    ɳ= body efficiency
    E= rate of heat loss by evaporation and respiration
    R= radiation rate
    C= conduction and convection rate
    S= body heat storage rate
    Load Estimation

    Heating and cooling loads are the


    measure of energy needed to be
    added or removed from aspace by
    the HVAC system to provide the
    desired level of comfort within a
    space. Right-sizing the HVAC system
    begins with an accurate
    understanding of the heating and
    cooling loads on a space
    Heat gain estimation method
    Comparison of heat gain values
    Sources of heat gains
    loads

    (i)External loads:
    01-Walls&Roof
    02-Windows.
    03-Partions&floors
    04-Filteration (neg.)
    (ii)Internal loads:
    01-People
    02-lighting.
    03-Equipment.

    (iii)Ventilation loads
    External load
    • 1-Wall& Roof
    Q w,r = A * U * (TETD)
    • Q w,r (BTU/hr)
    • Area (Ft²)
    • U TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT(BTU/hr.ft².f°) table(21:25)
    • (TETD) EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE (DEG F)
    • From table (19,20, and 20A)
    • Carrier manual P:1-ch-05
    Take time at 3 pm
    Take time at 3 pm
    External load
    • 2-Partions& Floors
    Q p,f = A * U * (ΔT)
    • Q p,f (BTU/hr)
    • Area (Ft²)
    • U TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT(BTU/hr.ft².f°) table(26)
    • ΔT temperate difference (DEG F).
    ΔT conditions
    ‫الجار مكيف‬ ‫الجار غير مكيف‬ ‫الجار غير مكيف و محمل‬

    ΔT = 0 ΔT= Tdbneig. – Tdbroom ΔT= Tdbneig. – Tdbroom

    2 spaces conditioned Tdbneig. = Tdp”out” -10°F Tdbneig. = Tdp”out”


    with the same temp.
    External load
    • 3-i-Windows
    (i) Q W = A * U * (ΔT)
    • Qw (BTU/hr)
    • Area (Ft²)
    • U TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT(BTU/hr.ft².f°) table(33)
    • ΔT temperate difference (DEG F).
    External load
    • 3-ii-Windows
    (ii) Q W = A * SHG* F
    • Qw (BTU/hr)
    • Area (Ft²)
    • SHG Solar heat gain (BTU/hr. Ft²) table 15
    • Latitude, timing, and direction
    • F Solar heat gain factor (more applicable 0.8) table 16
    • Curtains, glass type
    Take time at 3 pm
    TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT
    • More applicable
    • Heat transmission from walls
    • U = 0.3 Btu/hr.ft^2
    • Heat transmission from windows
    • U = (0.6) Btu/hr.ft^2
    • Heat transmission from partitions
    • U = (0.33:0.4 )Btu/hr.ft^2
    • Heat transmission from roof
    • U = (0.1:0.2) Btu/hr.ft^2
    Internal load
    • 1-People: (sensible, latent)

    • Qs = no. of person * sensible heat gain for each person


    • Ql = no. of person * latent heat gain for each person
    Internal load
    • No. of people:
    1. From Arch. Plan.
    2. From ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1
    Internal load
    • Sensible, latent heat gain for each person:
    1. It depends on type of application. From table 48 (Carrier)
    2. From ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals CH:18
    Internal load
    • 2-light: ‘sensible
    • 1-Electrical drawing
    • 2- Electrical engineer
    • 3- Range ‘ Assumption
    • Residential (20-25 W/m^2)
    • Malls (25-30 W/m^2)
    • Factories (35 W/m^2)
    From ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals CH:18
    Internal load
    • 3- Equipment's: ‘sensible’
    • Qs = total wattage of equipment's * 3.4
    • From ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals CH:18
    Internal load
    • Miscellanies Equipment's: ‘sensible, latent’:
    • Qs = sum [sensible load for each equipment's].
    • Ql = sum [latent load for each equipment's]
    • From tables (50-52) carrier
    • From ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals CH:18
    Ventilation load

    • Qs = 1.08 * CFM * ΔT
    • Ql = 0.68 * CFM * (ΔGr \ lb)
    • QT = 4.5 * CFM * ΔH
    Ventilation load
    • CFM (Min. required of fresh air )
    • no. of persons * CFM per person Or area * CFM per sq.feet
    • From table 45 carrier
    • From ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1
    Input data
     Outdoor Design condition (DBT&WBT)
     Indoor Design condition (DBT&RH)
     (Walls& Windows) Area, Exposure
     (Roof& floor) Area
     Overall heat transfer coefficient
     No.of people
     Lighting
     Equipment
     Ventilating
    Manual load calculation
    Internal load
    Internal load
    External load
    External load (wall)
    External load (window)

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