The document describes tests performed on a simple salt to identify its constituent ions. Key observations include the salt being white in colour with no smell, producing a brown gas when heated and a brick red flame in the flame test. These observations indicate the presence of nitrate (NO3-) as the anion and calcium (Ca2+) as the cation. Further confirmatory tests for nitrate and calcium ions were positive. The salt was therefore identified as calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2).
The document describes tests performed on a simple salt to identify its constituent ions. Key observations include the salt being white in colour with no smell, producing a brown gas when heated and a brick red flame in the flame test. These observations indicate the presence of nitrate (NO3-) as the anion and calcium (Ca2+) as the cation. Further confirmatory tests for nitrate and calcium ions were positive. The salt was therefore identified as calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2).
The document describes tests performed on a simple salt to identify its constituent ions. Key observations include the salt being white in colour with no smell, producing a brown gas when heated and a brick red flame in the flame test. These observations indicate the presence of nitrate (NO3-) as the anion and calcium (Ca2+) as the cation. Further confirmatory tests for nitrate and calcium ions were positive. The salt was therefore identified as calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2).
The document describes tests performed on a simple salt to identify its constituent ions. Key observations include the salt being white in colour with no smell, producing a brown gas when heated and a brick red flame in the flame test. These observations indicate the presence of nitrate (NO3-) as the anion and calcium (Ca2+) as the cation. Further confirmatory tests for nitrate and calcium ions were positive. The salt was therefore identified as calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2).
Preliminary Tests S.N EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE O
1. Colour: The colour of the White May be due to absence
salt is noted. of Cu2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Co2+
2. Smell :-Take a pinch of salt No characterstic smell Absence of NH4+ ion or
between your fingers and CH3COO- ion rub it with drop of water. 3. Action of Heat :- Brown colour gas May be NO3- ion Take a small amount of salt in dry test tube and strongly heat. 4. Flame Test :- Take a small Brick red flame is observed May be Ca2+ ion amount of salt in a watch glass add conc. HCl to make a paste that is exposed through a glass rod in a non luminous flame
5. ASH Test :- Take a salt in No characteristic flame is observed Absence of Zn+2, Mg+2, test Al+3ions tube add one or two drops of HNO3 and then cobalt nitrate solution. Filter paper dipped in it and burnt. 6. Action of NaOH: Take a No characteristic reaction absence of NH4+ Salt salt in a test tube add NaOH solution and Heat.
Identification of Acid Radical
7. Action of Dilute H2SO4 :- No characteristic reaction Absence of CO3-2, Take a little amount of salt in a CH3COO- ions test tube add dilute. H2SO4.
S.N EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
O 8. Action of Conc. Reddish brown gas is evolved. NO3 - may be present H2SO4:- Take a little amount of salt in a test tube add conc. H2SO4 i) Action of conc. H2SO4 + Reddish brown vapours are evolved Presence of Nitrate copper tunings :- (NO3-) ion Take a little amount of salt add copper tunings, conc.H2SO4 and heat strongly. 9. Action of BaCl2 test:Add White ppt. is not formed Absence of CO3-2 , BaCl2 solution to salt SO4-2 ions solution
10. Ammonium molybdate test Canary yellow ppt is not formed Absence of PO4-3 ion :To the salt solution add conc.HNO3 and ammonium molybdate Confirmation tests for the Acid Radical
Preparation of water extract (W.E):- [Acetates, nitrates and halides are soluble in water. Confirmatory tests for those anions can be performed with water extract.] Water extract is prepared by dissolving 1-2gm of given salt in 10-15ml distilled water in a boiling test tube; this solution is called water extract (W.E).
Confirmation test for Nitrate ion (NO3-)
S.N o EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Action of conc. H2SO4 + copper Reddish brown vapours Presence of Nitrate (NO3-) tunings :- Take a little amount are evolved ion of salt add copper tunings, onc.H2SO4 and heat strongly.
2. Brown ring test :- To the (WE) salt Brown ring is formed at NO3 - ion is confirmed. solution add freshly prepared Ferrous the junction of two layers. sulphate solution. Then add conc.H2SO4 along the sides of the test tube dropwise. Identification of Group cation (Basic Radical)
Preparation of Original Solution
Take a little salt in a clean boiling tube and add a few ml of
(for Cl- , NO3-, SO42- CH3COO - ,PO4,3-salts) water and shake it. If it is not dissolved, heat the boiling tube till the salt is dissolved and is taken as Original solution (O.S) GROUP SEPARATION S.NO GROU EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE P
Add dilute HCl to No white ppt. is formed Absence of I – group (Pb+2)
1. I original solution
OS + dilute HCl + No Black ppt. is formed Absence of II– group
2. II H2S (Cu+2)
O.S is saturated No characteristic ppt. Absence of III- group
with solid NH4Cl (Al+3, Fe+2) ions and then add excess 3. III NH4OH OS + NH4Cl + No characteristic ppt. Absence of IV- group ions NH4OH + H2S 4. IV OS + NH4Cl + White ppt is formed Presence of V- group ions NH4OH + (Ba+2, Ca+2,Sr+2) 5. V (NH4)2CO3 solution
Confirmation tests for the Basic Radical
Confirmation tests for Ca+2 ion (V group)
S.N o EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Add ammonium oxalate White ppt. is formed. Ca+2 ion is confirmed.
solution to the OS 2. Flame Test:- Take a small Brick red flame is observed Ca+2 ion is confirmed. amount of salt in a watch glass addconc. HCl to make a paste that is exposed through a glass rod in a non luminous flame. Result : The given simple salt contains
