WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM NUMERICALS

Problem 1:
A small community had a population of 65000 and 85000 in the year of 1995 and
2005 respectively. Assuming a geometric growth rate and an average WC of
300lit/cap/day. Calculate the design flow for the treatment plant and the
transmission main from current year. Select an appropriate value for design period.

Data:
P1995 =65000
P2005=85000
Current year = 2017

Solution:
Pf = POe Kn = 85000 = 65000 x ( e10K )
K= 0.0268 person/yr
For transmission main design period = 50 yrs ( design yr = 2017+50 = 2067 )
Treatment plant = 15 yrs ( design yr = 2017+15 = 2032 )
Pf (transmission main) = 85000 x ( e0.0268 x (2067-2005) )= 447757 persons
Pf (treatment plant) = 85000 x (e0.0268 x (2032-2005)) = 175257 persons
Max daily WC = 1.5x300 = 450Lit/capita/day
Capacity for transmission mains = 447757 x450 = 201490.65 m3/day
Capacity for treatment plant = 175257 x450 = 78865.65 m3/day
Problem 2:
The present population of a community is 160000 increasing at a geometric growth
rate of 0.043 per yr. The present water requirement of the community are fully met
by a number of tube wells installed in the city. The average WC is 350l/c/d using a
design period of 15 yrs. Calculate the number of additional tube-wells of 3.4m3/min
capacity to meet the demand of design period.

Data:
Avg WC = 350l/c/d
design period = 15yrs
Present population = Po = 160000
K=0.043

Solution:
Pf = POe Kn =160000 x ( e0.043x15 ) = 304957.92
Additional population = 304957.92 – 160000 = 144957.92
50735272 x l
Total WC = 350 x 144957.92 = = 50735.2m3/day
𝑑

Tubewell capacity = 3.4 x 60 x 24 = 4896m3/day

With storage/ overhead reservoir (OHR)
Maximum Daily WC = 1.5 x 50735.2 = 76102.9m3/day
76102.9
Total no. of tube wells = = 15.5≈16
4896

No overhead reservoir (OHR)

Peak hourly flow=2.25x50735.2=114154.4m3/day
Total no. of tubewells wells=114154.4/4896=23.3≈24
 Equivalent pipe concept
Q.1
Calculate the length of 200 mm diameter of pipe with C=120 that will
result in same head loss as in above system with C=100.
Dia=250mm ,L= 130m
Dia=300mm ,L= 200m

Solution

Putting the values we get

AB
𝐿 100 1.85 250 4.87
=( ) ( )
𝑙𝑒 120 200
Le=61.44mm
BC
200 100 100
=(120)1.85(120)4.87
𝑙𝑒

Le=38.9m

So Total L=100.34mm
Q2
How much leakage would you allow in 150 mm diameter for the
supply pipe.804m in length laid by pipes of 4 m in length. The pipe is
design for a pressure of 430kPa.
L= leakage ; N=no of joints ;D=Nominal diameter of the pipe; P=average test
pressure during leakage test;C=constant depending upon units
 C=326 when L=L/hr, D=mm, P= Kpa

 C=1850 when L=gal/hr, D= inch , P=Psi

Solution

Given Data
D=150mm
C=326
P=430*1.5=645kpa
So putting values in formula
L=2337 L/hr
 COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION
QUESTION NO. 1
P=?
G = 50/SEC
V = 2800 m3
µ = 1.07 × 103 N/m2
SOLUTION :
𝑃
G=√
µV
𝑃
50 = √
(1.07 × 103)(2800)

P = 7490 Watts

QUESTION NO. 2
Q = 30,000 m3/d
ALUM DOSE = 13 mg/L = 13 g/m3
DAILY CHEMICAL CONSUMPTION = ?
REQUIRED DOSSAGE OF Co(OH)2
SOLUTION:
DAILY CONSUMPTION = Q×C
AMOUNT OF ALUM PER DAY = 13×3000
= 390000 gm = 390 Kg/d
SO,
For 666 = 222g
222
For 1 g =
666
 222
For 390000 = × 390,000
666

= 13 kg

QUESTION NO. 3
P = .6 KW
Q = 70 l/s
td = 20 s
T = 18 OC
µ = 1.06 × 10-3 N/m2
G=?
SOLUTION :
Q = V/T
V = Q.T
V = 1.4 m3
𝑃
G= √
µV
6000
G=√
(1.06 × 10−3)(1.4)

G = 8451.54/sec
QUESTION NO. 4
Q = 30 m3/d = 0.83 m3/sec , P=?

W = 12.5 m , G = ? AND tD = ?
L = 30 m , FLOCULENT TANK = V = 2062.5 m3
PADLE:
L = 12 m , w = 0.3 m
A = 3.6
Paddles move by 4 horizontal shaft
r = 2.5 rpm
centerline of paddle is 2 m from shaft
n = 2m
Cd = 1.8
µ = 1.31 × 10-3 N/m2
solution:
p = CdVr2A/2
p = (1.8×1000 ×(0.393)3×3.6)/2
Pin = 196.7 Watts
Pin = 8 X 196.7 = 1573.6 Watts
15736
G==√
(1.31 × 10−3 )(2062.5)

G = 24 s-1
tD = V/Ø = 2062.5/0.88 = 2343.75 s
= 39.06 min
NOW ,
SPEED OF SHAFT = (2𝜋 x 2.5 x 2)/60 = 0.5236 m/s
VS = 0.75 sped of shaft
= 0.75 x 0.5236
= 0.3927 m/s
Question No 5:
Flocculate:
L= 30m , w=12.5m , d= 5.5m
V= (30) (12.5) (5.5) = 2062.5m3

Paddle dimensions:
L= 12m , w= 0.3m
A= (12) (0.3) = 3.6m2
4 shaft each contain 2 paddles
n = 2m
Cd= 1.8
G= 30 s-1
µ= 1.31x10-3 Ns/m2
r=?
as P = G2µV
and P = CdρVr3A/2
computing
G2µV = CdρVr3A/2
(30)2 (1.13x10-3) (2026.5) = (1.8) (1000) Vr3 (3.6)/2
Vr = 0.909 m/s
As Vr = o.75 x paddle speed
Vr = 0.75 x 2πrn
0.909 = 0.75 x 2πr(2)
r = 0.096 rpm
 HYDRAULICS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Problem 1: Calculate the diameter of pipe 1Km laid to discharge a flow of
1000m3/day under a head loss of 10m(C=100)
Data:
L= 1km = 1000 m
Q = 1000 m3/day = 0.01157 m3/s
C = 100
𝐻𝐿 = 10 m
𝑑 = ??
Solution:

𝑄1.85 𝐿
𝐻𝐿 = 10.65 1.85 × 4.87
𝐶 𝑑

0.011571.85 1000
10 = 10.65 × 4.87
1001.85 𝑑

𝑑 4.87 = 5.538 × 10−5

𝑑 = 0.1337 m
Answer

Problem 2: A 6-km-long, new cast-iron pipeline carries

320 l /s of water. The pipe diameter is 30 cm. Find the head loss.

Data:
L= 6km = 6000 m
Q = 320 l/s = 0.32 m3/s
C = 130 ( for cast iron pipe )
𝑑 = 30 𝑐𝑚 = 0.3 𝑚
𝐻𝐿 = ??

Solution:

𝑄1.85 𝐿
𝐻𝐿 = 10.65 ×
𝐶 1.85 𝑑 4.87

0.321.85 6000
𝐻𝐿 = 10.65 ×
1301.85 0.34.87
𝐻𝐿 = 334.98 𝑚

Answer

Problem Number 03

Solution:

1st Correction:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/sec) (m)

AB 1500 0.445 +0.16 +5.65 35.31

 BC 800 0.225 +0.083 +24.78 298.5

CD 1100 0.305 -0.083 -7.74 93.25

DA 1000 0.405 -0.16 -6.1 38

Total ----- ------ ----- = 16.59 = 465.06

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = - 0.0193
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐
2nd Correction:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/sec) (m)

AB 1500 0.445 +0.141 +4.397 31.18

BC 800 0.225 +0.064 +15.064 235.3

CD 1100 0.305 -0.1023 -11.21 109.58

DA 1000 0.405 -0.179 -7.211 40.28

Total ----- ------ ----- = 1.04 = 416.34

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = - 0.001
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐

Problem Number 04
Solution:

1st correction:
1st Loop:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/sec) (m)

AB 1500 0.445 + 0.133 + 3.947 29.676

BC 800 0.225 + 0.05 + 9.541 190.82

AC 1100 0.250 -0.0833 -20.192 242.4

Total ----- ------ ----- = -6.704 = 462.89

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = 0.00782
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐
2nd Loop:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/sec) (m)

AC 1100 0.250 + 0.0833 + 20.192 254.405

AD 1000 0.405 -0.116 -3.232 27.86

DC 1100 0.305 -0.0333 -1.405 42.192

Total ----- ------ ----- = 15.55 = 324.45

 − 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = -0.0259
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐

2nd Correction:
1st Loop:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/sec) (m)

AB 1500 0.445 + 0.141 + 4.397 31.184

BC 800 0.225 + 0.0578 + 12.476 215.84

AC 1100 0.250 -0.0755 -16.834 222.96

Total ----- ------ ----- = 0.039 = 469.984

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = -0.0000448
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐
2nd Loop:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/sec) (m)

AC 1100 0.250 + 0.0574 + 10.138 176.62

AD 1000 0.405 -0.1419 -4.692 33.065

DC 1100 0.305 -0.0592 -4.075 68.834

Total ----- ------ ----- = 1.371 = 278.519

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = -0.00072
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐
Problem Number 05

Solution:
1st Correction:
1st LOOP:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/min) (m)

AB 1250 0.40 13 13.75 1.058

BH 1100 0.25 2 3.63 1.815

HI 1000 0.30 -9.8 -26 2.653

IA 1000 0.30 -12 -37.80 3.150

Total ----- ------ ----- -46.42 8.676

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = 2.9
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐

2nd LOOP:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/min) (m)

BE 400 0.35 7.5 3 0.4

EF 600 0.35 7 3.96 0.566

FG 1000 0.30 4.7 6.68 1.423

GH 1250 0.30 -9.3 -29.54 3.177

HB 1100 0.25 2 -3.63 1.815

Total ----- ------ ----- -19.53 7.381

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = 1.4
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐
 3rd LOOP:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/min) (m)

BC 500 0.20 1.5 2.91 1.937

CD 400 0.20 1 1.10 1.110

DE 500 0.20 -0.5 -0.38 0.762

EB 400 0.35 -7.5 -3 0.400

Total ----- ------ ----- 0.63 4.209

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = -0.1
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐

2nd Correction:
1st LOOP:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/min) (m)

AB 1250 0.40 15.9 19.65 1.236

BH 1100 0.25 3.5 10.34 2.954

HI 1000 0.30 -6.9 -13.60 1.971

IA 1000 0.30 -9.1 -22.70 2.495

Total ----- ------ ----- -6.31 8.656

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = 0.4
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐
2nd LOOP:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/min) (m)

BE 400 0.35 9 4.2 0.467

EF 600 0.35 8.4 5.58 0.664

FG 1000 0.30 6.1 10.80 1.770

GH 1250 0.30 -7.9 -21.88 2.769

HB 1100 0.25 -3.5 -10.34 2.954

Total ----- ------ ----- -11.64 8.624

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = 0.7
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐

3rd LOOP:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/min) (m)

BC 500 0.20 1.4 2.55 1.821

CD 400 0.20 0.9 0.92 1.022

DE 500 0.20 -0.6 -0.55 0.917

EB 400 0.35 -9.0 -4.20 0.467

Total ----- ------ ----- -1.28 4.227

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = 0.2
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐
3rd Correction:
1st LOOP:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/min) (m)

AB 1250 0.40 16.3 20.63 1.265

BH 1100 0.25 3.2 8.80 2.750

HI 1000 0.30 -6.5 -12.20 1.877

IA 1000 0.30 -8.7 -20.90 2.402

Total ----- ------ ----- -3.67 8.294

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = 0.2
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐

2nd LOOP:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/min) (m)

BE 400 0.35 9.5 4.64 0.488

EF 600 0.35 9.1 6.42 0.705

FG 1000 0.30 6.8 13.20 1.941

GH 1250 0.30 -7.2 -18.38 2.552

HB 1100 0.25 -3.2 -8.80 2.750

Total ----- ------ ----- -2.92 8.436

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = 0.2
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐
3rd LOOP:

Pipe L Dia Q 𝑯𝑳 𝑯𝑳 /Q
(m) (m) (m^3/min) (m)

BC 500 0.20 1.6 3.30 2.063

CD 400 0.20 1.1 1.32 1.2

DE 500 0.20 -0.4 -0.25 0.625

EB 400 0.35 -9.5 -4.64 0.488

Total ----- ------ ----- -0.27 4.376

− 𝐇𝐋
Δ= = 0.03
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐇𝐋 /𝐐
 Sedimentation
Q
Design a sedimentation tank to treat a flow of 25000 𝒎𝟑 /day; surface
over flow rate (SOR) = 25m/day; D.t+2hrs; sludge storage capacity 20% of
effective volume under ideal conditions what particle size will be removed if
v=1.2×𝟏𝟎−𝟐 𝒎𝟐 /sec; SS=2.65.

Sol:
Q=2500 𝑚3 /d = 0.289 𝑚3 /s
SOR=25 m/d =2.89×10−4 m/s
Td = 2hrs= 0.0833d
Sludge storage capacity=20% of effective volume
Ideal conditions
Particle size =?
V=1.2×10^-2 c𝑚2 /s = 1.2 ×10−6 𝑚2 /s
Ss=2.65

SOR=Q/A
A= Q/SOR = 25000/25=1000 𝑚2 for 2 tanks
500 𝑚2 for 1 tank
Let;
L: W =2.5:1
L= 2.5 W
As:
L×W=500
2.5w×w=500
 V = Q/t = 25000 × 0.0833 = 2028.5 𝑚3 for 2 tanks
V = 1041.25 𝑚3 for 1 tank
Sludge storage=1.2×1041.25
=1249.5 𝑚3
V=L×W×D
1250 = 35.36× 14.4 × D
D = 2.5 m

As:
Vs = g𝑑 2 (Sp-1)/18V
By putting values, we get
d = 1.96 × 10−5 m

Q
Determine the number and size of sedimentation tank to treat a water
flow of 20,000 𝒎𝟑 /day using an overflow rate of 24m/day and detention time
of 4hrs. Under ideal conditions, what size of particles will be completely
removed, if v=1.2×𝟏𝟎−𝟐 𝒄𝒎𝟐 /se; Ss=2.65.

Sol:
No. of tanks =?
Size=?
L,W,H,d=?
Q = 20,000 𝑚3 /d = 0.2315 𝑚3 /s
 SOR = 24 m/d= 2.78×10−4 m/s
Td = 4hrs =0.1667 days
Ideal Conditions
D=?
V=1.2×10−2 𝑐𝑚2 /s = 1.2 × 10−6 𝑚2 /s
Ss = 2.65

A = Q/SOR = 20,000/24 = 833.33 𝑚2

No. of tanks = 2
So,
As = 416.67 𝑚2

Q
Sedimentation tanks are to be provided to deal a flow of 6000 𝒎𝟑 /day
of water at a temperature of 𝟐𝟎𝟎 C with kinematic viscosity of 1.01×𝟏𝟎−𝟐
c𝒎𝟐 /sec. It is desired to remove all particles greater than 0.04mm in diameter
with specific gravity of 1.15. Assume ideal conditions and detention time of 3
hrs. Calculate the dimension of sedimentation tank to satisfy these conditions.

Sol:
Q = 6000 𝑚3 /day = 250 𝑚3 /hr
v = 1.01× 10−6 𝑚2 /sec
Sp = 1.15
D= 0.04×10−3 m
Td = 3hrs
L×w×D =?
 Vs= 𝑔𝑑 2 /18𝑣 = 0.466 m/hr

Assume no. of tanks =2.0

&
As= Q/Vs= 536.4 𝑚2
For 1 tank
As= 268.24 𝑚2
L×w = 268.24 w=10.4m
2.5w×w = 268.2 L= 25.9m

V= Q × Td = 750 𝑚3
For 1
V1 = 375𝑚3
And
Sludge Capacity = 450 𝑚3
So,
450 = 268.24 × D
D = 1.68m