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    Solutions - Manual - For - Fluid - Mechanics - Sev Raffa

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    Ahmad Abd
    The document describes a system of connected reservoirs and pipes with water flowing between them. It provides the dimensions and materials of the pipes and reservoirs, as well as the temperature of the water. It then shows calculations using fluid mechanics equations to determine properties like flow rate and pressure given information about the system and flow conditions. The goal is to estimate the flow rate of water between the reservoirs or the pressure required at one reservoir to achieve a given flow rate.

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    Solutions - Manual - For - Fluid - Mechanics - Sev Raffa

    Uploaded by

    Ahmad Abd
    120 views3 pages
    The document describes a system of connected reservoirs and pipes with water flowing between them. It provides the dimensions and materials of the pipes and reservoirs, as well as the temperature of the water. It then shows calculations using fluid mechanics equations to determine properties like flow rate and pressure given information about the system and flow conditions. The goal is to estimate the flow rate of water between the reservoirs or the pressure required at one reservoir to achieve a given flow rate.

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    Solutions_Manual_for_Fluid_Mechanics_Sev raffa

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    The document describes a system of connected reservoirs and pipes with water flowing between them. It provides the dimensions and materials of the pipes and reservoirs, as well as the temperature of the water. It then shows calculations using fluid mechanics equations to determine properties like flow rate and pressure given information about the system and flow conditions. The goal is to estimate the flow rate of water between the reservoirs or the pressure required at one reservoir to achieve a given flow rate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    120 views3 pages

    Solutions - Manual - For - Fluid - Mechanics - Sev Raffa

    Uploaded by

    Ahmad Abd
    The document describes a system of connected reservoirs and pipes with water flowing between them. It provides the dimensions and materials of the pipes and reservoirs, as well as the temperature of the water. It then shows calculations using fluid mechanics equations to determine properties like flow rate and pressure given information about the system and flow conditions. The goal is to estimate the flow rate of water between the reservoirs or the pressure required at one reservoir to achieve a given flow rate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    6.113 The reservoirs in Fig. P6.

    113 are connected by cast-iron pipes joined abruptly, with


    sharp-edged entrance and exit. Including minor losses, estimate the flow of water at 20°C if
    the surface of reservoir 1 is 14 m higher than that of reservoir 2.

    Fig. P6.113

    Solution: For water at 20°C, take ρ = 1000 kg/m3 and µ = 0.001 kg/m-s. Let “a” be the
    small pipe and “b” the larger. For wrought iron, ε ≈ 0.046 mm, whence ε/da = 0.00184 and
    ε/db = 0.00092. From the continuity relation,

    For pipe “a” there are two minor losses: a sharp entrance, K1 = 0.5, and a sudden expansion,
    Fig. 6.22, Eq. (6.101), K2 = [1 − (1/2)2]2 ≈ 0.56. For pipe “b” there is one minor loss, the
    submerged exit, K3 ≈ 1.0. The energy equation, with equal pressures at
    (1) and (2) and near zero velocities at (1) and (2), yields

    Va2  120 1.0 


    or, since Vb = Va /4, Δz = 14 =  240fa + 1.06 + fb +
    2(9.81)  16 16 
    where fa and fb are separately related to different values of Re and ε/d. Guess to start:
    fa ≈ fb ≈ 0.02: then Va = 6.73 m/s, Re a ≈ 168000, ε /d a = 0.00184, fa-2 ≈ 0.024
    Vb = 1.68 m/s, Re b ≈ 84000, ε /d b = 0.00092, fb-2 ≈ 0.0223
    Converges to: fa = 0.0241, fb = 0.0225, Va ≈ 6.23 m/s,
    Q = Va A a ≈ 0.00306 m3 /s. Ans.
    6.115 The system in Fig. P6.115 consists of 1200 m of 5 cm cast-iron pipe, two 45° and four
    90° flanged long-radius elbows, a fully open flanged globe valve, and a sharp exit into a
    reservoir. If the elevation at point 1 is 400 m, what gage pressure is required at point 1 to
    deliver 0.005 m3/s of water at 20°C into the reservoir?

    Solution: For water at 20°C, take ρ = 998 kg/m3 and µ = 0.001 kg/m⋅s. For cast iron, take ε
    ≈ 0.26 mm, hence ε/d = 0.0052. With the flow rate known, we can compute V, Re:

    Fig. P6.115

    The minor losses may be listed as follows:

    Then the energy equation between (1) and (2—the reservoir surface) yields
    6.120 In Fig. P6.120 there are 40 m of 5-cm pipe, 24 m of 15-cm pipe, and 50 m of 7.5-cm
    pipe, all cast iron. There are three90° elbows and an open globe valve, all flanged. If the exit
    elevation is zero, what power is extracted by the turbine when the flow rate is 16 m3/h of
    water at 20°C?

    Fig. P6.120

    Solution: For water at 20°C, take ρ = 1000 kg/m3 and µ = 0.001 kg/m-s. For cast iron, ε ≈
    0.26 mm. The 5-cm, 15-cm, and 7.5-cm pipes have, respectively,

    (a) L/d = 800, ε/d = 0.0052; (b) L/d = 160, ε/d = 0.00173;

    (c) L/d = 667, ε/d = 0.00347

    The flow rate is known, so each velocity, Reynolds number, and f can be calculated:

    16/3600 1000(2.26)(0.05)
    Va = 2
    = 2.26 m/s; Re a = = 113000, fa ≈ 0.0315
    π (0.05) /4 0.001

    Also, Vb = 0.25 m/s, Re b = 37500, fc ≈ 0.0267; Vc = 1 m/s, Re c = 75000, fc ≈ 0.0288

    Finally, the minor loss coefficients may be tabulated:


    sharp 5-cm entrance: K = 0.5; three 5-cm 90° elbows: K = 3(0.95)
    5-cm sudden expansion: K ≈ 0.79; 7.5-cm open globe valve: K ≈ 6.3

    The turbine head equals the elevation difference minus losses and the exit velocity head:
    h t = Δz − ∑ h f − ∑ h m − Vc2 /(2g)
    (2.26)2
    = 30 − [0.0315(800) + 0.5 + 3(0.95) + 0.79]
    2(9.81)
    (0.25)2 (1)2
    − (0.0267)(160) − [0.0288(667) + 6.3 + 1] ≈ 21 m
    2(9.81) 2(9.81)

    The resulting turbine power = ρgQht = (9810)(16/3600)(21) ≈ 920 W. Ans.

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