Module Plate Settlers 2022

3/18/2022
Plate/Tube Settlers
Why Plate/Tube Settler?

• Use of large quiescent basins (sedimentation tanks that
require large land areas) to increase or upgrade a water
supply is a constrain to many urban plants
– Alternative methods, increasing overflow rates without quality
compromise would allow treatment plants to fit on smaller sites.
– Existing water treatment plants can expand without the use of
additional land area.
• A high-rate tube/plate settler module is a good alternative in
this regard.
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What is a Plate/Tube Settler?

• Increasing particle size or decreasing the distance a particle must
fall prior to removal, can accelerate/increase sedimentation
• Particle size increase is already achieved by coagulation and
flocculation.
• Reducing the settling distance may be achieved by making the basin
shallower. However, practical aspects such as sludge storage,
equipment movement and wind effects on the surface limit this
approach.
• Thus need a clarification process with shorter settling depth that
will not influence the sludge withdrawal and has minimum or no
effect from surface currents.
• Providing parallel plates or tubes within the sedimentation basin
permitting solids to reach a bottom after a short settling distance is
what plate-tube settler achieve.
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What is a Plate/Tube Settler?

• Placing plates or tubes in the horizontal will quickly fill settling zone
with solids increase head loss and horizontal flow velocities and
thereby scouring the settled solids.
• Inclining the settling surfaces to an angle where solids can freely slide
down the surface to deposit in the sludge zone can reduce above
effect.
• Usually Tube/Plate settlers use multiple parallel channels or Plates
placed adjacent to each other at an angle of around 60°
• Plates/Tubes combine to form an increased effective settling area
(significantly increase “effective projected horizontal surface area”)
• Particle settling depth is significantly less than that of a conventional
clarifier, reducing settling times.
• Tube/plate settlers offer an inexpensive method to upgrade
clarifier/sedimentation basins to improve performance.
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Advantages
Advantages of Tube Settlers
• Applicable both in new or existing clarifiers/basins of any size:
• Easily can increase output by 2 to 4 times or more compared
to the conventional unit rates
• Reduce coagulant dosage by up to half while maintaining a
lower influent turbidity to the filters
• Operating cost savings for both water and electricity and less
filter backwashing frequency.
• Reduced tank-age capacity because of increased flow
capability
• Increase rate of sedimentation at existing plants
• Increased solids removal rate at settling
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System Design Criteria

• Must maintain laminar flow conditions within the tubes/plates
enabling a steady descent of floc particles without being swept
away from the settler unit.
• Residence time in each tube/channel must ensure that a floc
particle entering at the extreme upper edge of the tube will
have sufficient time to settle to the collecting surface.
• Velocity of flow through the tubes must not exceed a critical
maximum that would cause the settled sludge to lose stability
and be swept out of the tube in the direction of normal flow
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Typical Design Criteria HFRT
Note: surface loadings rates indicated above are based on the footprint area and not the
top area of the plates or projected area.
Table - Water Treatment – principles and design, J C
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Crittenden et al., 3rd edition John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2012
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Effluent structure in a sedimentation tank

Primary component of the effluent structure include:
• Baffle to prevent floating matter entering
• Launder (trough) to collect the outflow water and directs it to the effluent
piping.
• Outflow weirs (with notches, holes, or slits along its length typically
attached launder side walls) to control water flow into the launder and to
skim the water evenly off the tank.
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Basin Design
• Important to design the inlet, outlet and sludge zone
• To allow for better inlet flow conditions, the front one-quarter
length of a rectangular horizontal-flow sedimentation basin is
recommended free from settler modules
• Following the settling modules, a launder system is used to collect
clarified water uniformly
• The settler modules can be hung from the launders, thereby
eliminating an elaborate support system.
• Launders are usually spaced 3 to 4m on center to center.
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Design Details
• Additionally, the size, shape, and configuration need to be
evaluated when choosing a settler module design.
• The vertical settling height within a tube/channel should be kept
as short as possible, within the restraints of cost and plugging
potential, to minimize the settling distance for the particles.
• A V-groove base in tube settlers can be provided to allow rapid
accumulation of solids into a compact mass, which slides
continuously down the tube.
• The top of the tube settler should be submerged approximately
450 mm to 750 mm below the water surface to prevent high
velocities and short circuiting of tubes.
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System Design
Design is based on:
• Hydraulic flow capacity through the basin
• Plan area of tank available for tube settlers
• Design surface load application rate maintained and is
calculated based on projected plan area (foot print area):
• Flow pattern: Concurrent, Co-current, Cross flow
• Inclination to the horizontal (max 800 usual 600)
• HRT 6 to 25 min, total depth 3-5m
• Plates are spaced 5 to 8 cm apart
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Design is based on:

• Velocities through the tube settler can be verified by dividing the
flow through the tank (m3/s) by the projected area (length x
width) of the tube settler unit area. Velocities under the tube
settler area generally should not be greater than 0.015 m/s.
• Best to maintain the approach velocity too below 0.015 m/s
under the settler unit. To change approach velocity, either the
tank width or height can be modified.
• When designing the layout of tube settlers within a basin, care
should be given to avoid installation near entrance areas where
turbulence is high.
• In a horizontal basin it is recommended that approximately one-
third of the basin length should remain tube-free to act as a
quiescent zone.
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Tube Settlers vs. Plate Settlers

• Plate settlers (Lamella Plates) are more expensive than tube
settlers because of the material of construction
• The wide plates in operation tend to be hydraulically unstable
• Tube settlers eliminate eddy currents and allow for the use of
corrosion-resistant, lighter-weight PVC, resulting in a 50% cost
savings
• Tube settlers are a common, economically-viable alternative
to parallel plates (plate settlers)
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• A city with two hundred thousand residents uses a conventional water treatment
facility to supply drinking water. The per-capita water demand inclusive of non-
domestic demand for the city is 170 L. The NRW and treatment plant losses
components estimated is 15% and 8% respectively. If this plant is capable to satisfy
the present water requirement only, what would be the capacity of the existing
treatment facility?
• This city is planning to up-grade their existing treatment facility by doubling the
treatment capacity. If the up-grade system is to use a tube settler incorporated in
their existing horizontal flow rectangular shape clarifier for sedimentation,
– Sketch the existing clarifier system showing main dimensions (length, width
and height)
– Calculate the surface area requirement of the tube settler
– Show how it could be placed in the existing clarifier
• You may use the information given below.

– Surface loading rates of horizontal flow clarifier and tube settler are
28 m3/m2.d and 90 m3/m2.d respectively.
– Length of plate settler is 1.5 m
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Some Design Considerations
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Design Plate Settler
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Module Plate Settlers 2022

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3/18/2022

Why Plate/Tube Settler?

What is a Plate/Tube Settler?

What is a Plate/Tube Settler?

System Design Criteria

Typical Design Criteria HFRT

Effluent structure in a sedimentation tank

Design is based on:

Tube Settlers vs. Plate Settlers

• You may use the information given below.

Some Design Considerations

Design Plate Settler

Design Plate Settler

Design Plate Settler

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