• Example

p
• Given Column 1 size 30x 30
Reinf. 4φ22
Column 2 size 40x 40cm
Reinf. 4φ24
Ultimate soil bearing pressure , qult = 150kPa
• fyk = 300MPa⇒ fyd = 300/1.15 = 260.87 MPa

• C25 ⇒fck= 20MPa⇒fctk = 1.5 MPa,

• Required:‐ Design of rectangular combined footing

 800kN 1200kN
Propertty line 350cm

a
 • SOLUTION
• Proportioning of footing
R
800kN 1200kN
X’
15cm 350cm

• R = 800 +1200 = 2000kN

• RX’ = 1200 *350 ⇒ X’ = (1200 *350)/2000 = 210cm
• a = 2 ( X’ + 15) = 450 cm
• qult = R/A = 2000/ (4.50*b)
• 150 = 2000/(4.50 b) ⇒ b =2
2000/(4 50 *b) 2.96m
96m
• Take b =3.00m
• Actual contact pressure
• σ = R/ab = 2000/ (4.50*3.00) = 148.15kPa < qult ……….. ok!

• Shear force and bending moment diagrams

0.30m 3.15m 0.40m 0.65m
800kN 1200kN

822.24kN 148.15*3=444.45kN/m
1 65m
1.65m d

66.67kN

377.76kN
599.99kN‐m
733.33kN

5.00kN‐m
160.59kN‐m
• Thickness of the footing

• Wide beam shear

• The magnitude of the wide beam shear is read off from the
shear force diagram at a distance of d from the face of the
column.

• V = 444.45
444 45 (3.45
(3 45 –d)
d) ‐800
800 =733.35‐444.45d
733 35 444 45d

• Take d= 0.60m
0 60m

• Then,, V =466.68kN
• The wide beam shear resistance according to EBCS-2 is
given by

Vud = 0.25fctd k1k2 bwd (MN)

ρ = ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5 /300 = 0.0017
k1 = ( 1+50ρ)
1 50 ) = (1 +50*0.0017)
50*0 0017) =1.085
1 085
k2 = 1.6 – d =1.6 ‐0.6 = 1

Vud = 0.25 *1*1.085*1*3.0*0.60 =0.488MN =488kN>V …OK!

 • Punching shear

1 5d +0.30
1.5d +0 30 =1.2
=1 2 1.5d +0.40 +0.65=1.95

3=2.1

4=2.2
3d+0.3

3d+0.4
300cm
m

1 d +0.30
1.5d 0 30 =1.2
12 1.5d +0.40 +0.65=1.95

450cm

• Perimeters Pr1 =1.2+1.2+2.1 =4.5m

Pr2 =1.95+1.95+2.2=6.1m
1 95+1 95+2 2 6 1
• Net shear force developed under column 1
V1= 800 ‐148.15*(1.2*2.1)
148 15*(1 2*2 1) =426.66kN
426 66kN

• Net shear force developed under column 2

V2 = 1200‐148.15* (1.95*2.2)=564.43kN

• Punching shear resistance

Vup = 0.25fctd k1k2ud (MN)

d= 0.60m and ρ = ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5 /300 = 0.0017

k1 = ( 1+50ρ)) = ((1 +50*0.0017)
* ) =1.085
k2 = 1.6 – d =1.6 ‐0.6 = 1
u1 = Pr1 =4.5m
=4 5m , u2 = Pr1 = 6.1m
6 1m
• Punching shear resistance under column 1

• Vup = 0.25 *1000* 1.085*1*4.5*0.6=732.38kN > V1…… ok!

• Punching shear resistance under column 2

• Vup = 0.25 *1000* 1.085*1*6.1*0.6=992.78kN > V2………… ok!

• Moment capacity of concrete

M = 0 . 32 ∗ f cd ∗ bd 2

= 0 . 32 ∗ 11 . 33 × 10 3 ∗ 3 . 00 ∗ (0 . 6 )
2

= 3915 . 65 kN − m >> M max .... Ok !

• Calculation of reinforcement
– Long direction
The reinforcement shall be calculated for the maximum moment
Mmax = 599.99kN‐m
 f ⎡ 2M ⎤
ρ = cd ⎢1 − 1 − 2 ⎥
f yd ⎣ f cd bd ⎦
11 . 33⎡ 2 ∗ 599 . 99 ⎤
= ⎢ 1 − 1 − ⎥ = 0 . 0022 > ρ min
11 . 33 × 10 3 ∗ 3 . 0 ∗ (0 . 6 )
2
260 . 87⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
As = ρ bd = 0 . 0022 ∗ 300 ∗ 60 = 39 . 6 cm 2

Use φ = 20, as = 3.14cm2

No of bars , n=
No. n 39.6/3.14
39 6/3 14 =12.6
12 6 , use 13 bars
Spacing = (300‐2*5)/ (n‐1) =24.2cm

Use 13 φ 20 c/c 240mm

 – Short direction

l1 = (3-0.3)/2 = 1.35m l2 = (3-0.4)/2= 1.30m

,

3.00m
a’+d/2= 2.55 m a’+d= 0 .35 m
0.3+0.3=0.60m 0.4+0.6=1.0m

Effective
ff width
d h at exterior and
d interior columns
l b
being a+d/2
d/ and
d
a+d, respectively
• Contact pressure under columns 1 and 2
800
σ1 = = 444 . 44 kN / m 2
3 . 00 x 0 . 60

1200
σ2 = = 400 kN / m 2
3 . 00 x1 . 00

• Developed Bending moment

• M1 =444.44 *1.35*0.60*1.35/2 = 243kN‐m

• M2 = 400 * 1.30 *1.00 * 1.30/2 = 338kN‐m

• Calculation of Reinforcements
– Under
U d column
l 1
Moment capacity of concrete
M = 0 . 32 ∗ f cd ∗ bd 2

= 0 . 32 ∗ 11 . 33 × 10 3 ∗ 0 . 60 ∗ (0 . 58 )
2

= 731 . 79 kN − m > M 1 .... Ok !

f ⎡ 2M ⎤
ρ = cd ⎢1 − 1 − 2 ⎥
f yd ⎣ f cd bd ⎦
11 . 33 ⎡ 2 ∗ 243 ⎤
= ⎢ 1 − 1 − ⎥ = 0 . 0049 > ρ min .... ok !
11 . 33 × 10 3 ∗ 0 . 60 ∗ (0 . 58 )
2
260 . 87 ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
As = ρ bd = 0 . 0049 ∗ 60 ∗ 58 = 17 . 05 cm 2
Use φ = 20, as = 3.14cm
No of bars , n= 17.05/3.14
No. 17 05/3 14 =5.4
=5 4 , use 6 bars
Spacing = (60‐5)/ (n‐1) =9.2cm
Use 6 φ 20 c/c 90mm

– Under column 2
M
Moment capacity
i off concrete
M = 0 . 32 ∗ f cd ∗ bd 2

= 0 . 32 ∗ 11 . 33 × 10 ∗ 1 . 00 ∗ (0 . 58 )
3 2

= 1219 . 65 kN − m > M 2 .... Ok !

 f cd ⎡ 2M ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − 2 ⎥
f yd ⎣ f cd bd ⎦
11 . 33 ⎡ 2 ∗ 338 ⎤
= ⎢1 − 1 − 2 ⎥
= 0 . 0040 > ρ min .... ok !
260 . 87⎢⎣ 11 . 33 × 10 ∗ 1 ∗ (0 . 58 ) ⎥⎦
3

As = ρ bd = 0 . 0040 ∗ 100 ∗ 58 = 23 . 20 cm 2

Use φ = 20, as = 3.14cm

No. of bars , n= 23.20/3.14 =7.4 , use 8 bars
Spacing = (100)/ (n‐1) =14.3cm
Use 8 φ 20 c/c 140mm
• The reinforcement between the two strips will be nominal
reinforcement to prevent shrinkage cracks
• Short direction
• Asmin = ρmin bd = 0.0017 *255 *58 =25.14cm2
Use φ = 20, as = 3.14cm
No. of bars , n= 25.14/3.14 = 8 , use 8 bars
S i = (245)/ (7)
Spacing
=35cm < 400mm (smax for secondary bars)……. ok
Use 8 φ 20 c/c 350mm
• Long direction
• Asmin = ρmin bd = 0.0017 *300 *60 =30.60cm2
No. of bars , n= 30.16/3.14 = 9.7 , use 10 bars
Spacing = (300‐10)/ (9)
=32.2cm
32 2 < 400 400mm (s ( max for
f secondary
d b )
bars)……. okk
Use 10 φ 20 c/c 320mm
•Cantilever portion
B tt
–Bottom reinforcement
i f t , long
l di
direction
ti
–Critical moment from bending moment diagram is M =160.59kN‐m

f cd ⎡ 2M ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − 2 ⎥
f yd ⎣ f cd bd ⎦
11 . 33 ⎡ 2 ∗ 160 . 59 ⎤
= ⎢1 − 1 − 2 ⎥
= 0 . 00057 < ρ min
260 . 87 ⎢⎣ 11 . 33 × 10 ∗ 3 ∗ (0 . 60 ) ⎥⎦
3

As = ρ min bd = 0 . 0017 ∗ 300 ∗ 60 = 30 . 60 cm 2

Use φ = 20, as = 3.14cm

N off bars
No. b , n= 30.6/3.14
30 6/3 14 =9.7
9 7 , use 10 b
bars
Spacing = (300‐2*5)/ 9 =32.22cm
Use 10 φ 20 c/c 320mm
 Short direction
Provide minimum reinforcement
A min = ρmin bd = 0.0017
• As 3 45 2
0 0017 *35 *58 =3.45cm
• No. of bars , n= 3.45/3.14 =1.1 , use 2 bars
Spacing
p g = ((25)/
)/ 2 =12.5cm
Use 2 φ 20 c/c 125mm

• Development length
• Short direction
• Under column 1
φ f yd 2 ∗ 260.87
ld = = = 130.44cm
4 f bd 4 ∗1
• Available development length, la =135‐5=130cm < ld
Bend the bars upward with a minimum length of 10cm
• Under column 2

φ f yd 2 ∗ 260.87
ld = = = 130.44cm
4 f bd 4 ∗1

• Available development length, la =130‐5=125cm

130 5 125cm < ld
Bend the bars upward with a minimum length of 10cm
50
600 700
50
50
 Example 2

• Design a trapezoidal combined reinforced concrete footing.

Given the following design data

• Column 1 , size 40x40cm, load = 2200kN , Reinf. 4φ24

• Column 2 , size 40x40cm, load = 1800kN , Reinf. 4φ24

• Ultimate soil pressure 200kPa

• C25 , fyk= 300MPa

Column 1 550cm Column 2

B1 B2

L
 Solution
• Proportioning of footing
R 1800
2200

⎯x
20 20
L

• R = 2200 +1800 = 4000kN

• R⎯x = 1800 *550 ⇒ ⎯x = (1800 *550)/4000 = 247.5cm
• L = 550+ 2(20) = 590cm
• A = R/qult ⇒ 4000/ 200 = 20m2
• A =L *(B1 +B2)/2
• 20 = 5.90 B2)/2 ⇒B
5 90 * (B1 +B B1+B 6 78 ⇒ B1 = 6.78‐B
B2 = 6.78 6 78 B2 ……..(1)
(1)
• Center of gravity of the footing

X’ = ⎯X
• But X X + 40/2 = 247.5
247 5 +20 = 267.5cm
267 5cm

• Then

• ……………………………………… (2)

• From Eqns. (1)

( ) and
d (2)
( )
• B2 = 2.44m and B1 = 4.34m
• Take B2 = 2.45m
2 45m and B1 = 4.35m
4 35m
• Actual area

• Contact pressure
• σ =R/A = 4000/20.06 = 199.40kPa < 200 …………OK!

• B1 * σ = 4.35* 199.40 = 867.39 kN/m

• B2 * σ = 2.45 *199.40 = 488.53 kN/m

 2200kN 1800kN
67.39kN/m
m

488.53kN/m
86
• Shear force and bending moment diagrams

2nd degree 1701.01

172 1kN
172.1kN

SFD
2554.22kN-m 3rd degree
98.99
2027.81

BMD

9.86
17.73