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SCHMATA LOGOU

Ta sc µata l gou, pou oi l xeiV uphreto n th shµas a touV,

dhlad kuriolekto n , l gontai sc µata l xewn kat kuriolex a,
en ta sc µata l gou sta opo a oi l xeiV coun p rei llh
shµas a, l gontai sc µata l gou kat akuriolex a tr poi.

A) Sc µata l xewn kat kuriolex a:

1) h anastrof uperbat : gia na d souµe sto l go
µegal terh ekfrastik thta anatr pouµe th fusik seir twn
prot sewn twn l xewn.
P.c «kai twn µalli n thV
to wra o pl qoV
p nou sto st qoV
l µpei xanq »
(o teleuta oV st coV prepe na e nai sthn arc ).

2) braculog a lleiyh : afairo µe µia periss tereV l xeiV

ap th fr sh gia na d souµe sto foV
periss terh zwhr thta.
P.c «kai an e st ese V ner careV
to trago di µou k µa…»
(sto de tero st co parale petai to r µa e nai )

3) pleonasµ V: crhsiµopoio µe l xeiV fr seiV tiV opo eV to

suntaktik tiV qewre peritt V.
P.c «ton kouseV µe ta auti sou; »

4) epan lhyh: h dia l xh epanalaµb netai gia na apokt sei o

l goV periss terh c rh kai d naµh.
P.c « kla ne ta d ndra kla ne, kla ne kai ta klari ,
kla ne kai ta lhµ ria pou lhµ riaza»

5) pallilog a anad plwsh: µia l xh fr sh epanalaµb netai

aµ swV llh µia for gia na prokal sei µegal terh
zwhr thta.
P.c « gia peV µaV, peV µaV, stauraht ti k noun oi diko µaV ; »

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6) To as ndeto e nai to sc µa eke no kat to opo o o
logot cnhV gia na prosd sei periss terh zwhr thta, topoqete
allep llhleV l xeiV, prot seiV fr seiV cwr V s ndesµo.
P.c « shµa nei o Qe V, shµa nei h gh, shµa noun ta epour nia».

B) Sc µata l xewn kat akuriolex a : µe ta sc µata aut o

l goV pa rnei zwnt nia µetaq tontaV th shµas a thV l xewV se
µia llh d nontaV sthn kfrash µorf eµpne sewV.

1) h µetafor : µetaf roµe µia l xh ap thn k ria shµas a thV

se llh shµas a.
P.c h noixh thV zw V, µequsµ noV ap d xa.

2) H µetwnuµ a : e nai to sc µa eke no kat to opo o couµe

antikat stash µiaV l xhV µe k poia llh h opo a sund etai µe
thn pr th µe k poia l xh upagwg V ex rthshV.
P.c o rhV ant o p leµoV, to r so ant o kl roV.

3) h sunekdoc : e nai to sc µa eke no, kat to opo o µia l xh

kfrash den shµa nei eke no pou fa netai arcik , all k ti
scetik . tsi pa rnouµe to µ roV ant tou lou kai to lon ant
tou µ rouV.
P.c «To rkoV to trigur zei cr nouV d deka»
(h l xh To rkoV t qetai ant thV l xhV To rkoi).

3) Allhgor a: e nai to sc µa eke no kat to opo o lla ennoo µe

kai lla gr fouµe l µe.
To po hµa tou Balawr th «o br coV kai to k µa» e nai µia
allhgor a.

4) antwnoµas a : e nai to sc µa eke no, kat to opo o ant twn

proshgorik n onoµ twn b zouµe k ria kai ant twn kur wn
proshgorik .
P.c Swkr thV ant sof V, Porqht V ant Mw µeq.

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5) ox µwro paradoxolog a : e nai to sc µa eke no, kat to

opo o coµe duo l xeiV, oi opo eV apokle ontai µetax touV,
dhlad h µia apokle ei thn llh ste logik na µhn µporo n
na sunup rcoun.
P.c «n µfh an µfeuth», «parq noV ap rqenoV».

SCHMATA NOHMAT N
Ta sc µata nohµ twn e nai µorf V tou lektiko , µe tiV opo eV
xefe gouµe poll V for V ap th sunhqisµ nh µorf thV
sunt xewV kai thV ekq sewV twn nohµ twn µaV.
1) h uperbol : e nai to sc µa eke no, kat to opo o ta
pr gµata parousi zontai uperbolik . E nai idia tera sucn sta
dhµotik trago dia.
P.c «kai ap thn poll thn yalµoudi esei ntane oi kol neV»

2) Lit thta : e nai to sc µa eke no kat to opo o µia nnoia

ekfr zetai µe to en ntio, kat tr po arnhtik .
P.c up fera ci l ga, dhlad p ra poll .

3) O eufhµisµ V: e nai to sc µa eke no kat to opo o

crhsiµopoio µe gia na pr gµa l xeiV µe kal shµas a ant
l xewn µe kak shµas a, pwV qa ta riaze.
P.c tiV Erin eV tiV legan Euµen deV, ton de afil xeno p nto,
dhlad th Ma rh q lassa ton l gane E xeino p nto.

4) to kliµakwt kliµ kwsh: e nai to sc µa eke no kat to

opo o parousi zouµe tiV id eV se µia baqµia a seir kai
akolouq a e te elatt sewV e te aux sewV.
P.c « µorfh, plo sia ki parth kai sebast ki ag a».
5) paroµo wsh s gkrish: e nai to sc µa eke no kat to opo o
parallhl zoµe duo pr gµata pou coun oµoi thta µetax touV
gia na katast souµe to na ap aut pio zwhr . Dhl netai
sun qwV µe tiV bohqhtik V l xeiV san, pwV, kaq V.

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P.c «µia q lassa µ sa µou sa l µnh gluk strwth
kai san wkean V anoict µeg lh».

6) h ant qesh : µe aut to sc µa nnoieV diaforetik V µetax touV

suscet zontai µe ton tonisµ thV antiq sewV touV.

6) h proswpopo hsh : µe to sc µa aut apod dontai idi thteV kai

suµperifor eµy cwn ntwn se yuca. Ak µh kai afhrhµ neV
id eV g nontai pr swpa kai droun anal gwV, pwV h D xa sto
ep graµµa tou Solwµo « h katastrof twn Yar n», «h
Dic noia» stiV teleuta eV strof V tou eqniko µnou.

METRIKH- STICOURGIKH
PouV µetrik µon da e nai to el cisto µ roV tou µ trou kai
apotele tai ap µia tono µenh kai ap µia d o toneV
sullab V.
Diakr nontai kai sth neoellhnik sticourg a µe tiV arca eV
onoµas eV oi ex V µetriko p deV µ tra.:
1) aµboV : cei µia at nisth kai µia tonisµ nh sullab (u-).
2) Troca oV : cei thn pr th sullab tonisµ nh kai th de terh
at nisth
(-u).
3) D ktuloV : cei treiV sullab V, thn pr th tonisµ nh kai tiV duo
lleV at nisteV (-uu).
4) An paistoV : cei treiV sullab V , µe tonisµ nh µwV thn tr th
sullab (uu-)
5) Aµfibracik V µesotonik V : cei treiV sullab V µe tonisµ nh
th µesa a (u-u)

V proV th q sh tou t nou sthn teleuta a sullab onoµ zetai

o st coV:
1) ox tonoV, tan ton zetai h teleuta a sullab .
P.c «tou spaqio thn troµer »

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2) parox tonoV, tan ton zetai h proteleuta a sullab .
P.c «se gnwr zw ap thn k yh»
3) proparox tonoV, tan o t noV p ftei sthn pro thV
proteleuta aV sullab .
4) P.c « ese V pouli tou M h kai thV noixhV»

OMOIOKATALHXIA
Oµoiokatalhx a r µa e nai h oµohc a twn teleuta wn sullab n
duo periss terwn st cwn. H oµohc a twn sullab n pr pei na
arc zei ap to tonisµ no fwn en kai µet . P.c s µa- c µa, poq -
fil .

E dh thV
1) zeugarwt : o a µe to b kai o g µe to d st co.
P.c «o tufl V o rwtaV
µeV stouV dr µouV g lwtaV.
kai paicn di g nontan
pou ki an efa nontan»

2) plekt : o a µe to g kai o b µe to d st co.

P.c «phg di st µa
Malli cut ,
Geµ zeiV str µa
M no µ aut »

3)staurwt : o a µe ton d kai o b µe ton g st co

4) oi an µikteV oµoiokatalhx eV pou den akolouqo n kaµi seir .

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OROI AFHGHMATOLOGIAS

Est ash
(pr keitai gia th sc sh tou afhght µe ta pr swpa thV istor aV)

Mhdenik = tan couµe afhght xw ap th dr sh (afhght V –

pantogn sthV).

Exwterik = o afhght V gnwr zei lig tera ap ta pr swpa .thV

af ghshV.

Eswterik = o afhght V gnwr zei sa kai ta pr swpa. thV istor aV

Optik gwn a
(pr keitai gia th sc sh tou afhght µe thn up qesh)

Eswterik optik gwn a = tan h af ghsh g netai ap to basik rwa

k poio llo pr swpo tou rgou.

Exwterik optik gwn a = tan h afhght V den up rcei µ sa sto rgo.

O t poV tou afhght

1. se sc sh µe th suµµetoc tou sth istor a :

oµodihghtik V = laµb nei µ roV sthn istor a pou afhge tai wV

prwtagwnist V, wV parathrht V aut pthV µ rturaV

eterodihghtik V = den laµb nei kaq lou µ roV sthn istor a pou
afhge tai.

2. scetik µe to afhghµatik ep pedo

Afhghµatik ep peda

- To exwdihghtik ep pedo = af ghsh gegon twn pou e nai exwterik se

sc sh µe to ke µeno, p.c h ep klhsh sth µo sa tou Oµ rou.

- Dihghtik endodihghtik ep pedo = ta gegon ta pou an koun sthn

k ria af ghsh, p.c oi perip teieV tou Oduss a

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- µetadihghtik upodihghtik ep pedo = deutere ousa af ghsh pou

egkibwt zetai sth k ria af ghsh, p.c h af ghsh tou Oduss a stouV
Fa akeV gia tiV progen stereV perip teieV tou..

----------------
Me krit rio to afhghµatik ep pedo kai th suµµetoc touV sthn istor a
oi t poi tou afhght e nai:
- exwdihghtik V-eterodihghtik V = afhght V pr tou baqµo kai
afhge tai se tr to pr swpo µia istor a sthn opo a den suµµet cei,
p.c o afhght V thV Ili daV.

- exwdihghtik V-oµodihghtik V = afhght V pr tou baqµo pou

afhge tai thn k ria istor a, h opo a apotele kai th dik tou
istor a, p.c o afhght V sthn istor a en V aicµal tou

- endodihghtik V-eterodihghtik V = o afhght V de terou baqµo pou

an kei sthn k ria istor a kai afhge tai se µetadihghtik ep pedo
µia deutere ousa istor a sthn opo a de suµµet cei,
p.c H Secraz t stiV c lieV kai µia n cteV.

- endodihghtik V-oµodihghtik V afhght V = afhght V deut rou

baqµo pou an kei sthn k ria istor a kai afhge tai se
µetadihghtik ep pedo thn proswpik tou istor a, p.c h µ na tou
Giwrg sto aµ rthµa thV µhtr V µou.

O afhghµatik V cr noV
* o cr noV thV istor aV = de cnei to p so kai to p te diadraµat sthkan
ta gegon ta thV af ghshV.

• o afhghµatik V cr noV µpore na e nai wV proV th seir

parous ashV twn gegon twn:
- euq graµµoV ( parousi zei ta gegon ta se fusik seir ).

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- Me anacron eV (parousi zei ta gegon ta se diaforetik cronik
seir ).
E te wV anadroµik V afhg seiV ( flaV µpak) e te wV pr droµeV
afhg seiV.

• o afhghµatik V cr noV µpore na e nai wV proV to ruqµ

parous ashV twn gegon twn:
- µe epit cunsh
- µe epibr dunsh
- µe par leiyh lleiyh.

• o afhghµatik V cr noV µpore na e nai wV proV to shµe o narxhV

thV up qeshV.
- ap thn arc thV up qeshV.
- sto µ so twn pragµ twn

Tecnik V µe tiV opo eV parabi zetai h fusik cronik seir :

- sto µ so twn pragµ twn = o afhght V µaV µetaf rei sto pio
kr siµo shµe o thV af ghshV kai stera µe anadroµ sto parelq n
parousi zetai ,ti prohg qhke.

- egkibwtisµ V = oi µikr tereV deutere ouseV afhg seiV µ sa sthn

k ria af ghsh.

- Par kbash eµb liµh af ghsh = h anafor se llo q µa pou den

cei sc sh µe thn up qesh.

- Pro deasµ V =- h yucologik proetoiµas a tou anagn sth gia ,ti

qa epakolouq sei.

- Proooikonoµ a = o suggraf aV dhµiourge tiV kat llhleV

pro poq seiV ste h plok na exel ssetai fusik .

Ti afhge tai o afhght V

- O µ qoV = h istor a kai h up qesh en V logotecniko rgou.

- H µorf = ta ulik pou crhsiµopoie o logot cnhV gia na fti xei to

rgo, h gl ssa, ta ekfrastik µ sa.

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- Doµ = h org nwsh twn µer n tou ste na apotel soun na
kalodoµhµ no s nolo.

- Plok = o tr poV µe ton opo o µe ton opo o prowqe tai o µ qoV.

Oi kuri teroi afhghµatiko tr poi :

• h af ghsh = e nai h kqesh twn gegon twn pou diakr netai se:
- di ghsh = tritopr swph af ghsh µe pantogn sth afhght
- µ µhsh = prwtopr swph tritopr swph af ghsh µe afhght pou
pa rnei µ roV sthn af ghsh.
- se µeikt tr po = sunduasµ V µ µhshV kai di ghshV

• o di logoV = to µ roV thV af ghshV pou ta pr swpa sunoµilo n se

euq l go kai car zei zwnt nia sto rgo.

• H perigraf = anapar stash pros pwn, t pwn. Den µetab lletai

pwV h af ghsh.

• Sc lio = pareµb llontai sc lia, sk yeiV, gn µeV tou afhght xw

ap th ro thV af ghshV.

• O ele qeroV pl gioV l goV = o afhght V apod dei se g pr swpo kai

se istorik cr no kruf V sk yeiV kai sunaisq µata, pou den coun
exwterikeute , k poiou ap ta pr swpa thV af ghshV.

• O eswterik V µon logoV= ap dosh sk yewn, suneirµ n tou rwa

se a pr swpo kai cr no Enest ta, cwr V thn par µbash afhght .
Moi zei µe ton euq l go, all le poun pa leV, r µata lektik kai
eisagwgik ..

Ta shµantik tera logotecnik re µata:

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Klassikisµ V = to klassik rgo t cnhV e nai t leio scetik µe th

µorf kai to periec µen tou.

Roµantisµ V = carakthristik tou to p qoV, h l ph, h nostalg a kai

parousi sthke ton 18o ai na wV ant drash ston klassikisµ .

Parnassisµ V =eµpn etai ap thn klassik arcai thta,

parousi sthke wV ant drash ston roµantisµ . Ta poi µata coun
telei thta µorf V cwr V p qoV.

Realisµ V = o suggraf aV afhge tai antikeiµenik ta gegon ta kai

thre ap stash ap aut ., en tan kr nei thn astik koinwn a kai ta
ide dh thV couµe ton koinwnik realisµ .

Natouralisµ V = anaparist thn wµ pragµatik thta kai thn an qikh

sucn pleur tou anqr pou. Den pr pei na sugc etai µe ton realisµ .

Eµpresionisµ V = perigr fetai h pragµatik thta ci antikeiµenik

all µ sa ap feugal eV entup seiV. Anapt cqhke sth zwgrafik kai
th logotecn a

Suµbolisµ V = anapt cqhke sth Gall a ton 19o ai na kai

µetaceir zetai s µbola gia na ekfr sei sunaisq µata kai ap yeiV.
Parousi zei katast seiV pou bi nontai baqi µ sa µaV.

Monternisµ V = ap ta t lh tou 19ou ai na genn qhke wV ant drash se

genik paradekt ax eV kai ap yeiV, couµe ele qero st co kai
antipoihtik V l xeiV.

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Expresionisµ V = o k sµoV apotup netai µ sa ap µia ananewµ nh
t cnh. crhsiµopoio ntai h paroµo wsh kai h µetafor , en up rcoun
stoice a fantas aV
p ra ap th logik

Uperrealisµ V = d cetai µia uperpragµatik thta µakri ap th

logik . Up sth epirro ap thn yucan lush. Sthn po hsh le pei h
st xh, oi st coi k bontai se poll V seir V kai oi l xeiV g nontai
aut noµeV.

Bibliograf a:

Mpal skaV K. : «Neoellhnik po hsh», Aq na, Epikair thta, 1980.

Par shV I. – Par shV N., «Lexik Logotecnik n rwn», O.E.D.B.

«Ke µena Neoellhnik V Logotecn aV», (to bibl o tou kaqhght ), O.E.D.B ekd. e’,
1990.

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