Topic 1.1 Understanding Os Oct22

CSC204
PRACTICAL APPROACH
OF OPERATING
SYSTEM
TOPIC 1.1
UNDERSTANDING OS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1.1 1.1.2
What is OS OS and Computer
System
1.1.3 1.1.4
History of OS Types of OS
COMPUTER SYSTEM STRUCTURE
4 MAIN COMPONENTS
SYSTEM
HARDWARE
provides basic computing
SOFTWARE
resources: CPU, memory, controls and coordinates use
I/O devices of hardware among various
applications and users
APPLICATION
USERS
PROGRAMS
define the ways in which the people, machines, other
system resources are used to computers
solve the computing problems
of the users
The 4 components of a computer system
INTRODUCTION
• When you turn on your computer, there's

a lot going on inside, and the real man
behind the curtain handling the
necessary tasks is the operating system
(OS)
• The OS is the first thing loaded onto the
computer; without the OS, a computer is
useles
INTRODUCTION
• Not all computers have OSs.
• The computer that controls the microwave oven in
your kitchen, for example, doesn't need an OS.
• It has one set of relatively simple tasks to perform,
very simple input and output methods (a keypad and
an LCD screen), and simple, never-changing
hardware to control.
• For a computer like this, an OS would be
unnecessary baggage, adding complexity where
none is required.
• Instead, the computer in a microwave oven simply
runs a single hard-wired program all the time.
For other devices, an operating
system creates the ability to:
• serve a variety of purposes
• interact with users in more
complicated ways
• keep up with needs that change
over time
• All desktop computers have OSs.
• The most common are the Windows family of OSs
developed by Microsoft, the Macintosh OSs developed
by Apple and the UNIX family of OSs (which have been
developed by a whole history of individuals,
corporations and collaborators).
• There are hundreds of other OSs available for special-
purpose applications, including specializations for
mainframes, robotics, manufacturing, real-time control
systems and so on
In any device that has an OS, there's usually
a way to make changes to how the device
works.
One of the reasons OSs are made out of

portable code rather than permanent
physical circuits is so that they can be
changed or modified without having to
redesign the whole device
For a desktop computer user, this means you
can add a new security update, system
patch, new application or even an entirely
new OS rather than junk your computer and
start again with a new one when you need to
make a change.
As long as you understand how an OS works

and how to get at it, in many cases you can
change some of the ways it behaves.
WHAT IS AN OS?
An operating system is software that
manages a computer’s hardware
It also provides a basis for
application programs and acts as
an intermediary between the
computer user and the computer
hardware
User View System View
• Varies according to the interface • From the computer’s point of

being used view, the OS is the program most
• Many computer users sit with a intimately involved with the
laptop or in front of a PC hardware. In this context, we can
• Now, many users interact with view an OS as a resource
mobile devices such as allocator
smartphones and tablets • An OS is a control program that
• Some computers have little or no manages the execution of user
user view - For example, embedded programs to prevent errors and
computers in home devices and improper use of the computer
automobiles
FUNCTIONS OF OS
An OS is a special piece of software that manages the general operation of a
computer system:
▪ It provides a user interface so that we can interact with the computer
▪ It manages applications that are running on the computer, starting
them when the user requests, and stopping them when they are no
longer needed
▪ It manages files, helping us save our work, organize our files, find
files that we have saved and load files
▪ It manages the computers memory, deciding what should be loaded
into memory and what should be removed
▪ It looks after computer security, preventing unauthorized access to
the system
▪ It manages the computer’s input and output hardware such as
printers, etc.
History of
Operating
System
First Generation (1945 – 1955)
Technology ENIAC OS
• Vacuum tubes, wires, First There was
plugboards (mechanical
commercial none
switches)
• Programming languages computer
were unknown (not even system
assembly languages). designed
Second Generation (1955 – 1965)
Technology IBM 701 OS

First Batch system – JCL
Transistors
mainframe (Programs and data
with punch
computer were submitted in
cards
system groups or batches)
designed
Third Generation (1965 – 1980)
IBM OS
Technology
System/360 Timesharing system – JCL
Integrated and DEC (several jobs can be run at once.
Circuit (IC) PDPs A processor is switched from
First mini job to job as needed to keep
computer system several jobs advancing while
keeping the peripheral devices
designed
in use.)
IBM
System/360
Model 65
Computer
Fourth Generation (1980 - present)
Technology OS
PC,
Very Large
workstation, Personal OS,
Scale
open source, Network OS,
Integration
multimedia, Server OS,
(VLSI) -
Internet Distributed OS
microchip
• MS-DOS — Microsoft Disk Operating System (1981)
• Windows 1.0–2.0 (1985–1992)
• Windows 3.0–3.1 (1990–1994)
• Windows 95 (August 1995)
Microsoft
Windows
• Windows NT 3.1–4.0 (1993–1996)
Operating • Windows 98 (June 1998)
Systems for • Windows ME — Millennium Edition (September 2000)
PCs • Windows 2000 (February 2000)
• Windows XP (October 2001)
• Windows Vista (November 2006)
• Windows 7 (October 2009)
• Windows 8
• Windows 10
• Windows 11
TYPES OF OS
2. TIME-SHARING
1. BATCH
4. HYBRID
3. REALTIME
5. EMBEDDED
1. BATCH OS
A batch OS allows the jobs bundled together
with the instructions necessary to allow them to
be processed without intervention
In the earliest computer generations, users
relied on punched cards or tape input
Job was entered by assembling the cards into
a deck and running the entire deck of cards
through a card reader as a group (i.e batch)
1. BATCH OS (cont…)
User did not interact directly with the
computer
In today batch systems the jobs are still
processed serially without user interaction
but not limited to cards or tapes
The efficiency of a batch system is measured
in throughput – the number of jobs completed
in a given time
2. TIME-SHARING OS
allows each user to interact directly with the
computer system via commands
enables many people, located at various
terminals, to use a particular computer system
at the same time
It gives a faster turnaround then batch
systems.
The OS provides immediate feedback to the
user and response time can be measured in
fractions of a second
3. REAL TIME OS
A real time OS allows users using computer in
time-critical environment where reliability is
crucial, and data must be processed within a
strict time limit.
A real-time OS must have well-defined, fixed
time constraints, otherwise the system will fail.
For example, Scientific experiments, medical
imaging systems, industrial control systems,
weapon systems, robots, air traffic control
systems, etc.
4. HYBRID OS
In a hybrid OS, two OSs may execute on a
single device
They may include a full-featured OS, as well as
a lightweight OS, that perform different tasks
A hybrid OS can run two different OSs at once,
each focusing on different aspects of the
system. For example, one OS may be
lightweight and perform a user interface, while
the other is designed for high-performance
computing different tasks.
https://droidrant.com/what-is-hybrid-operating-system/
5. EMBEDDED OS
Embedded computer is a computer that
placed inside other products to add features
and capabilities, e.g., computer in electrical
appliance, automobile, etc.
Embedded OS is an OS which is used in
embedded computer system.
This OS has a very specific task and not
interchangeable among systems.
POPULAR OS
Can you name a
few?
POPULAR OS
PLATFORM OS
Supercomputers UNICOS
Mainframe computers IBM OS/300, UNIX
Minicomputers Linux, IBM OS/400, OpenVMS, UNIX
PC ?
Workstations UNIX, Sun Solaris
Networks Linux, Novell Netware, UNIX, Windows Server
PDA Palm OS, Windows CE
Smartphone Windows Mobile, Symbian OS, iOS, Android

Nothing comes
from doing nothing
Thank you
THANKS!
Do you have any questions?
[email protected]
+91 620 421 838
yourcompany.com
Please keep this
CREDITS: This presentation template was slide for attribution
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik

Topic 1.1 Understanding Os Oct22

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Topic 1.1 Understanding Os Oct22

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Topic 1.1 Understanding Os Oct22

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CSC204

• When you turn on your computer, there's

One of the reasons OSs are made out of

As long as you understand how an OS works

• Varies according to the interface • From the computer’s point of

Technology IBM 701 OS

Mainframe computers IBM OS/300, UNIX

Minicomputers Linux, IBM OS/400, OpenVMS, UNIX

Workstations UNIX, Sun Solaris

Networks Linux, Novell Netware, UNIX, Windows Server

PDA Palm OS, Windows CE

Smartphone Windows Mobile, Symbian OS, iOS, Android

You might also like