Lecture 3 - The Past Tenses

Basic English Grammar
Lecturer: Agnechia Friska Rivalny, S.S., M.Hum.

Jakarta International University, Indonesia
Past Tenses
Week 3 – Lecture 3
FORM
FORM PRESENT
FORM PRESENT PAST
FORM PRESENT PAST FUTURE
SIMPLE
SIMPLE
CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE
CONTINUOUS
PERFECT
SIMPLE
CONTINUOUS
PERFECT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE S + Verb 1 + O
CONTINUOUS
PERFECT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
S + to be (is, am, are)

CONTINUOUS + V-ing + O
PERFECT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

S + have/has +
PERFECT Verb 3 + O
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

S + have/has +
PERFECT Verb 3 + O
PERFECT S + have/has + been

SIMPLE S + Verb 1 + O S + Verb 2 + O

S + have/has +
PERFECT Verb 3 + O

S + to be (is, am, are) S + to be (was, were)

CONTINUOUS + V-ing + O + V-ing + O
S + have/has +
PERFECT Verb 3 + O


S + have/has + S + had + Verb 3

PERFECT Verb 3 + O +O


S + have/has + S + had + Verb 3

PERFECT Verb 3 + O +O
PERFECT S + have/has + been S + had + been +

CONTINUOUS + V-ing + O V-ing + O

S + have/has +
PERFECT Verb 3 + O
S + had + Verb 3 + O
PERFECT S + have/has + been S + had + been +

CONTINUOUS + V-ing + O V-ing + O
SIMPLE
PAST
TENSE
Simple Past
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was
an Austrian musician and
composer. He lived from 1756 to
1791. He started composing at
the age of five and wrote more
than 600 pieces of music. He was
only 35 years old when he died.
Simple Past
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was
an Austrian musician and
composer. He lived from 1756 to
1791. He started composing the
age of five and wrote more than
600 pieces of music. He was only
35 years old when he died.
Lived, started, wrote, was, died

are all simple past verbs.
Simple Past
Very often the simple past ends in -ed (regular verbs):
❖ I work in a travel agency now. I worked in a department store before.
❖ We invited them to our party, but they decided not to come.
❖ Laura passed her exam because she studied very hard.
But many verbs are irregular. This means the simple past does not
end in -ed.
❖ Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
❖ We saw Rose at the mall a few days ago.
❖ I went to the movies three times last week.
In questions and negatives we use
did/didn’t + base form (enjoy/see/go, etc.)
I enjoyed I enjoy you enjoy?

she saw she didn’t see did she see?
they went they go they go?
❖ A : Did you go out last night?

B : Yes, I went to the movies, but I didn’t enjoy the film much.
❖ They didn’t invite her to the party, so she didn’t go.
❖ “What did you do on the weekend?”
“I didn’t do anything.”
PAST
CONTINUOUS
TENSE
Past Continuous Tense
Yesterday Karen and Jim played tennis.
They began at 10:00 and finished at 11:30.
So, at 10:30 they were playing tennis.
They were playing = they were in the middle of playing.

They had not finished playing.
Was/were + verb -ing is the past continuous:
I/he/she/it was playing
we/you/they were doing, etc.

Past Continuous Tense
I was doing something = I was in the middle of doing something at a certain
time. The action or situation had already started before this time, but had
not finished.
I started doing I was doing I finished doing
past now
past
▪ This time last year, I was living in Brazil.

▪ What were you doing at 10:00 last night?
▪ I waved to Helen, but she wasn’t looking.
Past Continuous vs Past Simple
Past Continuous Past Simple
(in the middle of an action) (complete action)
▪ I was walking home ▪ I walked home after the
when I met Martin. party last night.
▪ Mawar was watching ▪ Lita watched TV a lot
TV when we when she was sick last
arrived. week.
We often use the simple past and past continuous
together to say that something happened in the middle
of something else:
✓ Mike burned his hand while he was cooking dinner.
✓ It was raining when I got up.
✓ I saw you in the park yesterday. You were sitting on the grass and reading a
book.
✓ I hurt my back while I was working in the garden.
But we use the simple past to say that one thing happened after
another:
✓ I was walking in the park when I saw Artha. So I stopped, and we talked
for a while.
PAST
PERFECT
TENSE
Past Perfect Tense
When Sarah arrived at the
party, Eric had already gone
home.
Sarah went to a party last

week. Eric went to the party,
too. But they didn’t see each
other. Eric left the party at
10:30 and Sarah got there at
11:00. So: when Sarah got to
the party, Eric wasn’t there.
Past Perfect Tense
I/he/she/it gone Note:
had The second (later) action is
we/you/they arrived always in the Past Simple.
She arrived after we had played cards.
He had slept a little before the phone rang.
They had left for Tokyo by this time yesterday.
I was sure that I had seen him before.

Compare the present perfect and the past perfect
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
have done had done
past now past now
▪ Who is that woman? I have never ▪ I didn’t know who she was. I had
seen her before. never seen her before.
▪ We aren’t hungry. We have just had ▪ We weren’t hungry. We had just had
lunch. lunch.
▪ The house is dirty. They haven’t ▪ The house was dirty. They hadn’t
cleaned it for weeks. cleaned it for weeks.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Action that is complete in the Action completed at a spesific time in
time of speaking: the past:
❏ I have studied 3 sections ❏ I had studied 3 sections before
until now. dinner last night.
❏ I have already done half of ❏ I had already done half of the
the exercises. exercises before class yesterday.
❏ He has driven 500 km so ❏ He had driven 500 km yesterday
far. before the accident happened.
Past Perfect Tense
• When we got home last night, we found that somebody had
broken our house.
• Karen didn’t want to go to the movies with us because she had
already seen the film.
• At first I thought I had done the right thing, but I soon realized
that I had made a big mistake.
• The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He had
never flown before.
PAST
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
I waiting
the rest of
she had been flying
sentence.
they playing
I enjoying
the rest of
she hadn’t been following
sentence.
they practicing
you sleeping
the rest of
Had she been working
sentence?
they living
Past Perfect Continuous
Yesterday morning, I got up and
looked out of the window. The
ground was wet.
It had been raining.
You can say that something had been

happening for a period of time
before something else happened.
Compare the present perfect continuous
and the past perfect continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
I have been v-ing I had been v-ing
past now past now
• I hope the bus comes soon. I’ve • The bus finally came. I had been
been waiting for 20 minutes. waiting for 20 minutes. (before the
(before now) bus came)
• James is out of breath. He has been • James was out of breath. He had
running. been running.
We had been playing cards for two hours when she arrived.
He had been sleeping for a long time when the phone rang.
They had been flying to Tokyo for a few hours by this time
yesterday.
• When the boys came into the house, their clothes were
dirty, their hair was messy, and one of them had a black
eye. They had been fighting.
• I was very tired when I got home. I had been working
hard all day.
• When I went to Tokyo a few years ago, I stayed with a
friend of mine. She had been living there only a short
time but knew the city very well.
Thank you!
REFERENCES
Murphy, Raymond & Smalzer, William. Grammar in use,

Intermediate. Cambridge U. Press, 2019.
Leu, Zenda. My Grammar Guide. Raffles Consultancy.
PICTURE SOURCES ON EACH SLIDE
• Slide 23, 24: https://alchetron.com/Wolfgang-Amadeus-Mozart

• Slide 33: Grammar in use - Intermediate Book, page 28.
• Slide 39: Grammar in use - Intermediate Book, page 30.

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Basic English Grammar

Lecturer: Agnechia Friska Rivalny, S.S., M.Hum.

S + to be (is, am, are)

S + to be (is, am, are)

S + to be (is, am, are)

PERFECT S + have/has + been

SIMPLE S + Verb 1 + O S + Verb 2 + O

S + to be (is, am, are)

PERFECT S + have/has + been

SIMPLE S + Verb 1 + O S + Verb 2 + O

S + to be (is, am, are) S + to be (was, were)

PERFECT S + have/has + been

SIMPLE S + Verb 1 + O S + Verb 2 + O

S + to be (is, am, are) S + to be (was, were)

S + have/has + S + had + Verb 3

PERFECT S + have/has + been

SIMPLE S + Verb 1 + O S + Verb 2 + O

S + to be (is, am, are) S + to be (was, were)

S + have/has + S + had + Verb 3

PERFECT S + have/has + been S + had + been +

SIMPLE S + Verb 1 + O S + Verb 2 + O

S + to be (is, am, are) S + to be (was, were)

PERFECT S + have/has + been S + had + been +

Lived, started, wrote, was, died

I enjoyed I enjoy you enjoy?

❖ A : Did you go out last night?

They were playing = they were in the middle of playing.

Was/were + verb -ing is the past continuous:

I/he/she/it was playing

we/you/they were doing, etc.

▪ This time last year, I was living in Brazil.

Sarah went to a party last

She arrived after we had played cards.

He had slept a little before the phone rang.

They had left for Tokyo by this time yesterday.

I was sure that I had seen him before.

have done had done

past now past now

It had been raining.

You can say that something had been

I have been v-ing I had been v-ing

past now past now

Murphy, Raymond & Smalzer, William. Grammar in use,

• Slide 23, 24: https://alchetron.com/Wolfgang-Amadeus-Mozart

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