Science: Class 7th

Short Questions and Answers:

Chapter#01
Human Organ System
1. How does hydrochloric acid (HCl) in digestion?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) helps to digest proteins by activating pepsinogen into pepsin.
2. Write the roll of enzyme salivary amylase in digestion?
It digests carbohydrates.
3. Write the roll of enzyme pepsin in digestion?
It digests proteins.
4. Write the roll of enzyme trypsin in digestion?
It digests proteins.
5. Differentiate between secretion and absorption?
A process in which substances are produced and discharged from the body parts is called secretion
and process in which nutrients are absorbed by the body parts is called absorption.
6. Differentiate between breathing and respiration?
A process in which gaseous exchange between the body and environment takes place is called
breathing and a process in which body cells get oxygen to break down sugar and obtain energy is
called respiration.
7. Differentiate between cilia and villi?
The tiny hairs found in the inner most layer of trachea are called cilia and the finger like
projections found in the inner wall of jejunum are called villi.
8. Give the reason why should not one breathe while eating?
Because the epiglottis closes the glottis during eating.
9. Breathing through nose is said to be healthier than through mouth. Agree or not?
Give reason in each case.
Agree, breathing through nose is said to be healthier than through mouth because the moist
membrane and hairs inside the nose trap the dust particles pass pure air to lungs.
10. Give equation of chemical reaction to represent the process of respiration in man?
C6H12O6+ 6O2→ 6CO2+ 6H2O + Energy
11. List the main functions of respiratory system?
1-Breathing
2-Respiration
12. How does digestion and breathing contribute in respiration?
The contribution of digestion and breathing in respiration is given below:
In respiration the digestion makes simpler food molecules and absorbed them into the blood
stream but oxygen is getting by breathing.
13. If water should not be absorbed from colon. What do you except to be happened?
If water should not be absorbed from colon then diarrhea takes place.
14. Why is it recommended to have high fiber diet?
The high fiber diet is recommended to avoid constipation.

Chapter#02
Transportation in Human and Plants
1. Describe the difference between arteries and veins?
The blood vessels they carry oxygenated blood are called arteries and the blood vessel they carry
deoxygenated blood are called veins.
2. Write name the parts of heart by using following description:
1-Two chambers at the top of the heart------------------------.
2-Two chambers at the bottom of the heart-------------------.
3-The vessel through which the blood leaves the heart to the lungs-------------------------------.
4-The vessel through which the blood returns from the body to the heart-----------------------.
1-Atriums
2-Ventricles
3-Right ventricle
4-Left ventricle
3. What would happen there is no pericardium?
If there is no pericardium protection of any heart friction is not possible.
4. Describe the advantage of valves in blood flow?
The vales prevent backward flow of blood.
5. How does blood get oxygen?
The blood gets oxygen from lungs.
6. Arteries generally carry oxygenated blood. Why does pulmonary artery look blue?
The pulmonary artery look blue because it carries deoxygenated.
7. What is heart attack?
The condition in which the blood vessels may clog completely and blood supply to concerned
oxygen restricts is called heart attack.
8. In which conditions angioplasty should be proceded?
When circulatory system becomes dysfunctional angioplasty should be proceded.
9. How do water and minerals reach to the leaves of plants?
The water and minerals reach to the leaves of plants through xylem tissue.
10. How does transpiration help plants to absorb water?
It provides larger surface area to absorb maximum water.

Chapter#03
Reproduction in Plants
1. What is roll of flower in sexual reproduction?
The flower provides male and female gametes for sexual reproduction.
2. How does fragmentation occur in plants?
When plants are divided into two or more than two parts some fragments are appear on the outer
surface of the plants then fragmentation is occur.
3. Differentiate between stamen and carpel?
The male part of the flower is called stamen and the female part of the flower is called carpel.
4. Define fertilization?
The fusion of sperms and eggs is called fertilization.
5. Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination?
A pollination in which the pollen grains from the anther falls directly on the stigma of the same
flower is called self-pollination and the a pollination in which the pollen grains from the anther
falls on the stigma of the different flower is called cross-pollination.
6. Write down types of pollination factors?
The types of pollination factors are as follows:
 1-Vertebrates
2-Invertebrates
3-Wind
4-Water
7. How fruits and seeds are formed?
The fruits are formed from ovary and seeds are formed from fertilized ovule.
8. Give some example of insects that help in pollination?
The bees, wasps, ants, flies, mosquitoes, butterflies, moths, and flower beetles are examples insects
that help in pollination.
9. Define pollination?
The process in which the pollen grains are transferred from anther to stigma of the ovary where
female gametes are present is called pollination.
10. What is the roll of stamen in reproduction?
The stamen provides male gametes in reproduction.
11. Define layering in plants?
When sometime the parts of flower bent down and remains covered with soil and develops into
new plant is called layering.
12. How does the process of vegetative propagation occur?
When plants are develops from vegetative parts of a single plant then vegetative propagation is
occurring.
13. Enlist any two differences between asexual and sexual reproduction?
The two differences between asexual and sexual reproduction are as follows:
1-Only one parent cell is involved in asexual reproduction.
2-Fertilization does not occur in asexual reproduction.
1-Two parent cells are involved in sexual reproduction.
2-Fertilization is occur in sexual reproduction.

Chapter#04
Environment and Feeding relationship
1. Differentiate between population and community?
The number of individuals of the same species in a particular area is called population and the
different kinds of populations that live together in an area is called community.
2. What problem do polar bears face in their habitat?
How do they manage it?
The polar bears face extreme cold conditions in their habitat. They manage it by thick fur with fat
layer in their bodies by keeping them warm in extreme cold conditions.
3. Why do rain forests have tall trees?
The rain forests have tall trees because they characterized by heavy rainfall.
4. Why does a food chain always begin with producers?
A food chain always begins with producers because it starts with sun energy and the producers
captured directly sun energy.
5. A food chain is given below.
Which of the link can be eliminated in such a way that may not affect the continuity of energy flow
from producers to decomposers?
algae→ caterpillar→ bird→ snake→ owl→ bacteria
Owl
6. Describe a food chain in term of energy flow?
The feeding relationship that shows the energy in a particular habitat is called food chain in term
 of energy flow.
7. How do human activities affect the ecosystem of an area?
In the form of deforestation human activities affect the ecosystem of an area.
8. Compare climate condition tundra and grassland habitats?
The climate condition of tundra is cold and windy but the climate condition of grassland is hot.
9. Define trophic level?
The place of organisms in each food chain is called trophic level.
10. How would it affect the food chain, if all decomposers would extinct?
If all decomposers would extinct the nutrients will not be available to producers then no producer
and no life on earth.
11. How food webs are differ from food chains.
The food web is network of food chain and the food chain is feeding relationship that shows the
energy in a particular habitat.

Chapter#05
Water
1. How water is important for plants?
The water is necessary for photosynthesis. Plants use water and energy from sun in photosynthesis
and create their own food.
2. How can the water be made salt free?
Also give reason for your choice of process?
The water can be made salt free through distillation process.
The water obtained from distillation process is absolutely pure.
3. Define distillation?
The process of separating components or substances from liquid by boiling and condensation is
called distillation.
4. What is sludge?
A similar viscous mixture of liquid and solid components is called sludge.
5. In which form fresh water is present on Earth?
The fresh water is present on earth in the form of rivers, lakes, streams, pounds, glaciers and ice
berg etc.
6. Evaluate the roll of “alum” in water processing?
The alum settle down water impurities in the bottom of container and water become clean.
7. Brief describe the process of leading to the formation of ground water?
When rainfall on the ground. The some rain water seep into the ground and fill the empty spaces
or creaks in the form of water top layer is known as ground water.
8. Can only filtration technique be used to clean water at larger scale? Give reason.
No, because the filtration technique is used on small scale in homes and laboratories.
9. Why do we need to save or conserve water?
We need to save or conserve water because it is necessary and must for everyday life and our
country water resources are limited.

Chapter#06
Structure of an Atom
1. Differentiate between atomic number and mass number?
The number of protons present in an atom is called atomic number and the sum of number of
 protons and neutrons present in an atom is called mass number.
2. Define the electronic configuration?
The arrangement of electrons in orbitals or shells around the nucleus of an atom is called
electronic configuration.
3. What is the number of electrons in an atom whose atomic number is 14?
The number of electrons in an atom whose atomic number is 14 are 14.
4. Why does cations have positive charge and anions have negative charge?
The cations are made by losing of electrons then have positive charge and anions are made by
gaining of electrons then have negative charge.
5. Why do atom changes into ions?
The atom has ability of losing and gaining of electrons then it changes into ions.
6. How many electrons a neutral nitrogen atom and its anion possess?
There are 7 electrons in a neutral nitrogen atom and its anion possess.
7. How can we tell the valency of compound from its chemical formula?
The chemical formula tells the number of electrons in compound then we tell the valency of
compound from its chemical formula.
8. Is atom is really devisable?
Give reason in either case.
Yes, the atom is really devisable after eighteenth century because atom is made up of smaller
particles called sub-atomic particles.
9. Differentiate between cation and anion?
The ion that carries positive charge is called cation and the ion that carries negative charge is
called anion.
10. An element has 17 electron and 18 neutrons.
What is its atomic number and mass number?
An element has 17 electron and 18 neutrons its atomic number is 17 and its mass number is 35.
11. Define valency?
The combining power of an element or atom is called valency.
12. Define isotopes?
The atoms with same atomic number but different mass number are called isotopes.
13. For the following element:
Write the name of ion formed.
Also mention its formula including charge of the ion formed.
Ca, Br, Na, S, I , O, K, N, Al, Mg, Ba, Sr, Li, Cl and F.
Ca+2, Br-1, Na+1, S-2 , I-1 , O-2 , K+1 , N-3 , Al+3 , Mg+2 , Ba+2 , Sr+2 , Li+1 , Cl-1 and F-1
cation anion cation anion anion anion cation anion cation cation cation cation cation anion anion

Chapter#07
Physical and Chemical Changes and Processes
1. Define physical change and give some examples?
A change in which physical properties are changed is called physical change.
Examples:
1-Melting of ice.
2-Boiling of water.
3-Freezing of water.
2. What are chemical changes?
The changes in which chemical properties are changed are called chemical changes.
3. Burning of paper is said to be a chemical change. Why?
 Burning of paper is said to be a chemical change because paper is changed into new compound
CO2 and ash and these not be returned into paper.
4. What kind of change is observed when cooper utensils appear to be greenish in colour?
The chemical change is observed when cooper utensils appear to be greenish in colour.
5. Is there any physical change which cannot be reversed?
No.
6. How are reversible changes related to irreversible changes?
The reversible changes related to irreversible changes in the following manner:
The reversible changes are changed into original substances and irreversible are cannot changed
into original substances.
7. Could any chemical change is reversible?
If yes give example.
No, because it cannot change into original substances.
8. Describe at least three chemical properties of plastics?
1-The plastic is flexible.
2-The plastic is colourable.
3-The plastic is easy burnt.
9. Name the process by which matter can be changed physically?
1-Melting
2-Boiling
3-Freezing
10. Identify physical or chemical change?
1-Bleaching your hair--------------------.
2-Squeezing lemon------------------------.
3-Rotten egg--------------------------------.
4-Exploding fireworks-------------------.
5-Moving the lawn------------------------.
1-Bleaching your hair = Chemical change
2-Squeezing lemon = Physical change
3-Rotten egg = Chemical change
4-Exploding fireworks = Chemical change
5-Moving the lawn = Chemical change

Chapter#08
Transmission of Heat
1. Why does heat flow from hot body to cold body?
The heat flow from hot body to cold body because the atoms of hot body have high kinetic energy
than cold body.
2. What is temperature?
The degree of hotness or coldness of an object is called temperature.
3. How can we reverse the flow of heat?
We can reverse the flow of heat by supplying energy.
4. How does a solid conduct heat?
The solid particles are very close to each other and vibrate around fixed positions the conduct
heat.
5. Name some uses of conduction?
Cooking utensils
Wooden ladles
 Table mats
Iron solder
Woolen clothes
Double glass windows
6. What causes of convection current in the environment?
The flows of particles are causes of convection current in the environment.
7. Name some effects of convection?
1-Land breeze
2-Sea breeze
3-Winds
4-Gliding of birds
5-Ocean currents
6-Energy transport in the sun
8. How is radiation responsible for heat transfer through vacuum?
The radiation responsible for heat transfer through vacuum in the form of waves.
9. Name some uses of radiation.
Radiations are used in:
1-Green House
2-Teapot
10. How do birds glide for hours?
The birds glide for hours by using convection current.
11. How is conduction applied in an electric iron?
When current is passed through an iron coil. The coil gets hot and transfer heat into base plate by
conduction.
12. How does a convection current from an electric kettle?
When water in an electric kettle is heated it becomes lighter and rise up and generate convection
current.
13. How are insulators different from conductors?
The solid materials which conduct heat very poorly are called insulators an the solid materials
which conduct heat quickly are called conductors.
14. Why does a vacuum flask contain layered glass bottle?
It used to stop conduction and convection.
15. What purposes does the trapped air in a vacuum flask?
It serves to prevent convection.

Chapter#09
Dispersion of Light
1. Define refraction of light?
The bending of light rays due to change in the medium is called refraction of light.
2. What are causes of refraction?
1-Speed of light
2-Different medium
3. What does the reflective index tells us?
It tells us the amount of bending light by a medium in numbers.
4. How does a swimming pool appear less deep?
A swimming pool appears less deep due to refraction.
5. When does a prism disperse light?
When white light strikes a refracting surface a prism disperse light.
6. Differentiate primary and secondary colours?
Those colours which cannot be made by mixing of other colours are called primary colours.
Examples: Red, blue and yellow.
Those colours which are made by mixing of other colours are called secondary colours.
Examples: Purple and orange.
7. How is a red dot produced on a colour TV screen?
When the red beam is fired at the red phosphor the red dot produced on a colour TV screen.
8. When does total internal reflection occur in a prism?
When light passes from dense medium the total internal reflection occur in a prism.
9. Why do submarines have prism based periscope?
The submarines have prism based periscope because these are free from rust.
10. What happens when the incident ray strike exactly at critical angle?
When the incident ray strike exactly at critical angle it bends towards the normal.

Chapter#10
Sound Waves
1. How does the loudness of wave depend on amplitude?
The loudness of wave depend on amplitude because larger the amplitude the sound is louder.
2. How does the frequency of sound wave determine its pitch?
The high pitch represent high frequency sound and the low pitch represent low frequency sound
then we can say that the frequency of sound wave determine its pitch.
3. How does the loudness of sound vary with the area of vibrating surface?
The loudness of sound is increasing the area of the vibrating surface.
4. How does a vibrating body produce sound?
When vibrating body moves in one direction and compresses the air directly in front of it and as
the vibrating body moves in opposite direction the pressure of the air is lessened so that an
expansion of air molecules occurs then the vibrating body produce sound.
5. Differentiate between transverse and longitudinal waves.
The waves that pass through a medium perpendicular to the direction of propagation are called
transverse waves and the waves that pass through a medium move parallel to the direction of
propagation are called longitudinal wave.
6. How does a radio set produce sound?
The radio set converting radio signals into sound.
7. What is the audible frequency range for humans?
20 hertz to 20000 hertz is the audible frequency range for humans.
8. How does a stereo work?
A stereo received sound from different direction then does work.
9. What causes ringing in telephone sets?
1-Small bell.
2-Small amount of electric current.

Chapter#11
Circuits and Electric Current
1. Differentiate between conventional current and electronic current?
The flow of positive charges from the positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal is
called conventional current and the flow of charges round the circuit is called electric current.
2. What are the four basic components of an electronic circuit?
1-Battery or Cell
2-Source
3-Condutors
4-Switch
3. Relate voltage and current through formula?
V=IR
I=V/R
4. Name the energy conversions in an electrical circuit?
Bulb.
5. Draw the symbol of various electrical components?
Battery= Cell=
Voltmeter= Fuse=
Bulb= Ammeter=
6. Name the ways in which electricity can be hazard?
1-Overhead power
2-Exposed electrical parts
3-Wet conditions
4-Damage insulation
7. How is overloading of circuits dangerous?
The overloading of circuits dangerous because these causes fire.
8. Differentiate between the live wire and the neutral wire?
The wire in which the electric current is carried to the load is called live wire and the wire which is
the path of return to the current is called neutral wire.
9. Compare the working of an MCB with an ELCB?
MCB prevents excessive current flow through the circuit by tripping and ELCB checks the
amount of current flowing through the live wire.
10. Define kilowatt hour?
The amount of energy used by a 1000W appliance in one hour is called kilowatt hour. It is unit of
electricity.

Chapter#12
Investigating the Space
1. Differentiate between star and galaxy?
A giant ball of hot gases that can produce its own light is called star and a large group of star held
together by gravity is called galaxy.
2. Differentiate between star and planet?
A giant ball of hot gases that can produce its own light is called star and a heavenly body that do
not have its own light is called planet.
3. What is cosmic microwave background?
The cosmic microwave background means the energy transfer in the form of microwaves
travelling through the universe.
4. Describe the major types of galaxies?
1-Spiral galaxies
2-Elliptical galaxies
3-Irregular galaxies
5. What is black hole?
A place in the space where gravity is so large that even light cannot escape from it is called black
 hole.
6. Describe the shape of the milky way?
The milky way is spiral galaxy. It is like huge whirlpool of about 100 billion star.
7. What will happen to the sun after the nuclear fuel runs out?
When the nuclear fuel of sun runs out it will enter in the final phase of its lifetime.
8. Define constellation?
A group of stars that are considered to form imaginary outlines is called constellation.
9. What happen when we point the telescope at the sun and observe it directly?
1-Irreversible eye damage
2-Permanent blindness
10. Why is the mirror at rear end of telescope made curved?
Because to bend the incident rays inward towards the eyepiece at the center of the telescope.

GOOD LUCK