STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2

Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11

Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Score:
Lesson Title:

Phase Diagram References

Chemistry the Practical Science by P.
Kelter M. Mosher, and A. Scott (2009)
Learning Objectives
Chemistry the Molecular Nature of Matter
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
by Jespersen, Brady, and Hyslop (2012)
1. Interpret the phase diagram of water and carbon dioxide
2. Predict the phase of the substance at a given Chemistry: The Central Science by Brown,
temperature and pressure LeMay, and Bursten

Review/Lesson Preview
Complete the flow chart by filling in the boxes

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Concept Notes
A phase diagram is a graphical way to depict the effects of pressure and temperature on the phase of the substance.
Sublimation is the phase change as a substance changes from a solid to a gas without passing through the intermediate
state of a liquid.

Deposition is the phase change as a substance changes from a gas to a solid without passing through the intermediate
state of a liquid.

TRIPLE POINT - The temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and gas phases exist simultaneously.
CRITICAL POINT – The temperature above which a substance will always be a gas regardless of the pressure.
· NOTE:
 The solid phase is more dense than the liquid phase.
 The line between the solid and gas phases is the equilibrium of solid and gas phases at that specific pressure
and temperature, i.e. a curve of all the deposition/sublimation points.
 The line between the solid and liquid phases is the equilibrium of solid and liquid phases at that specific
pressure and temperature, i.e. a curve of all the freezing/melting points.
 The line between the liquid and gas phases is the equilibrium of liquid and gas phases at that specific pressure
and temperature, i.e. a curve of all the vaporization/condensation points.

Phase Change Diagram

 The AB line is the liquid – vapor interface.
 It starts at the triple point (A), the point at which all three states are in equilibrium.

 It ends at the critical point (B); which is at the critical temperature and critical pressure, above this critical
temperature and Critical pressure the liquid and vapor are indistinguishable from each other.
 Each point along this line is the boiling point of the substance at that pressure

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

 The AD line is the interface between liquid and solid.

 The melting point at each pressure can be found along this line

 Below A the substance cannot exist in the liquid state.

 Along the AC line the solid and gas phases are in equilibrium; the sublimation point at each pressure is along this line

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Compare phase diagram of water and carbon dioxide

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Phase diagram of water

 Note the high critical temperature and pressure:

 These are due to the strong van der Waals forces between water molecules.
 The slope of the solid – liquid line is negative.
 This means that as the pressure is increased at a temperature just below the melting point; water goes
from solid to a liquid.

Water has an unusual phase

diagram

 Unusual behavior
 At same T, as you increase p,
substance changes from solid
to liquid
 Liquid more dense than solid
 Exhibits triple point where
all three phases coexist

Phase Diagram of Carbon dioxide

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Carbon dioxide cannot exist in the liquid state pressures below 5.11 atm; CO 2 sublimes at normal pressures.

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Developmental Activities

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Activity 1: Generic Phase Diagram

Answer the following questions based on the phase diagram above. First two questions has been done for you. Correct answers
will be flashed/ shown on the board.
1. Which section represents solid phase? ____A_______
2. What sections represents liquid phase? ________C_________
3. What section represents gas phase? __________B__________
4. What letter represents the triple point? ______D__________In your own words, what is the definition of a triple point?
-where all three phases (s, l, g ) are all equilibrium

5. What is this substance normal melting point, at 1 atmosphere pressure? ____________60°C_____

6. What is this substance’s normal boiling point, at 1 atmosphere pressure? _____100°C___________
7. Above what temperature is it impossible to liquefy this substance, no matter what the pressure? _____110°C_______
8. At what temperature and pressure do all three phases coexist? _____45°C___________
9. At a constant temperature, what would you do to cause this substance to change from liquid phase to the solid phase?
______increase the pressure___________
10. What does sublimation mean?
-The process of going from a solid to a gas directly, skipping the liquid phase altogether.

Activity 2: Phase Diagram of Water and Carbon dioxide

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Directions: Use the diagram below to answer the following questions. First one has been done for you. (Correct answers will be
flashed/ shown on the board)

1. What does Point O in both diagrams above represents? Ans what can you tell me about the phase or phases of matter at
those pressure and temperature? - TRIPLE POINT
2. What is the significance of line OF? - MELTING POINT
3. What is the significance of line OG? - SUBLIMATION POINT
4. What is the significance of line OE? - BOILING POINT
5. Using the diagram above indicate the proper temperature or pressure for the following points.
a. Normal melting point oC for water -100°C
b. Triple point temp. for water -0.0098°C
c. Triple point temp. for CO2 -56.4°C
d. Critical pressure for water - 217.7 atm
e. Critical pressure for CO2 - 73.0 atm
f. Normal sublimation point for CO2 - 1
g. Normal boiling point oC for water. -100°C
h. Triple point pressure for water -6.0 × 10 ³
i. Triple point pressure for CO2 -5.11 atm
j. Critical temp. for water -374.4°C
k. Critical pressure for water -217.7 atm

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Guided Practice
Refer to the phase diagram below when answering the questions

NOTE: Normal refers to STP – Standard Temperature Pressure

1. What is the phase (s,l,g) of a substance at 2.0 atm and 100oC? - S

2. What is the phase (s,l,g) of a substance at 0.75 atm and 100oC? - L
3. What is the phase (s,l,g) of a substance at 0.5 atm and 100oC? -G
4. What is the phase (s,l,g) of a substance at 1.5 atm and 50oC? -S
5. What is the condition of the triple point of this substance? T =____≈ 90°C_______, P =_____.7 atm____________

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Independent Practice

Answer the following based on the phase diagram above.

1. If a quantity of this substance was at an initial pressure of 1.25 atm and a temperature of 300oC was lowered to a pressure
of 0.25atm, what phase transition(s) would occur? __vaporation_____
2. If a quantity of this substance was at an initial pressure of 1.25 atm and a temperature of 0 oC was lowered to a pressure of
0.25 atm, what phase transition(s) would occur? ____sublimation_____
3. if a quantity of this substance was at an initial pressure of 1.0 atm and a temperature of 200 oC was lowered to a
temperature of -200oC,what phase transition(s) would occur?______solidify ( freeze)_____
4. if a quantity of this substance was at an initial pressure of 0.5 atm and a temperature of 200 oC was lowered to a
temperature of -200oC, what phase transition(s) would occur? ______deposition_____
5. If this substance was at a pressure of 2.0atm, at what temperature would it melt? ____175° C______
6. If this substance was at a pressure of 2.0 atm, at what temperature would it boil?____810°C____
7. If this substance was at a pressure of 0.75 atm, at what temperature would it melt?_____90° C_____
8. If this substance was at a pressure of 0.75 atm, at what temperature would it boil?_______150°C_____
9. At what temperature do the gas and liquid phases become indistinguishable from each other? ____810°C_____
10. At what pressure would it be possible to find this substance in the gas, liquid, and solid phase? ___.7 atm____

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Closure Activity
Construct the Generic phase diagram for a substance on the axes below based on the following data: (It need NOT be to scale)

T, oK P, atm
Triple point 55K 0.10atm
Normal melting point 68K @50 atm
Normal boiling point 183K @50 atm
Critical point 218K 50atm

 Label: S,L, G areas

 Lines of equilibrium between solid and gas, liquid and gas, solid and liquid.

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

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