AC Generator

Physics Assignment
Based on
AC Generator
Prepared By:
Muhammed Amjed
XII-H
51446
CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE PHYSICS PROJECT

TITLED ‘FARADAY ’S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNET
INDUCTION ” HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED
BY AMJED OF CLASS XII H IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF CURRICULUM OF CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY
EDUCATION (CBSE) LEADING TO THE AWARD OF
ANNUAL EXAMINATION OF THE YEAR 2023-24.
INTERNAL EXAMINER TEACHER IN-CHARGE

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I WISH TO EXPRESS MY SINCERE GRATITUDE TO
MRS. MANJU MA’AM, FOR THEIR GUIDANCE &
ENCOURAGEMENT IN CARRYING OUT THIS
PROJECT WORK AND PROVIDING ME THE
OPPORTUNITY TO EMBARK ON THIS PROJECT .
INDEX
I. Certification
II. Acknowledgment
III. Introduction
IV. Theory
V. Faraday’s Law and E.M.I.
VI. Applications
VII. Conclusion
VIII. Bibliography
Introduction
1. Electric Generator: A generator is a
mechanical device that converts
mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The electricity generated at various
power plants is produced by the
generators installed there. When a coil
spins in a magnetic field or moves
relative to a magnet, it generates an
electromotive force (emf) or potential
difference.
2. Faraday’s Law: When the amount of
magnetic flux linked to a circuit
change, an emf is formed. The
induced emf persists for as long as
the magnetic flux varies.
3. Fleming Left Hand Rule: Fleming’s
Right-Hand Rule may be used to
identify the direction of the
induced current produced in the
coil: “Stretch the thumb, first
finger, and center finger of your
right hand such that they are
perpendicular to each other. The
first finger points in the direction
of the magnetic field, the thumb in
the direction of conductor velocity,
and the middle finger in the
direction of induced current.”
Theory
A machine that transforms mechanical energy into
electrical energy is known as an AC generator.
Mechanical energy is supplied to the AC Generator
through steam turbines, gas turbines, and
combustion engines. Alternating electrical power
in the form of alternating voltage and current is
the output. AC generators function on Faraday’s
law of electromagnetic induction states that
electromotive force (EMF or voltage) is created in
a current-carrying wire that cuts a uniform
magnetic field. Rotating a conducting coil in a
static magnetic field or rotating the magnetic field
enclosing the stationary conductor can both be
used to accomplish this. Because it is easier to
extract induced alternating current from a
stationary armature coil than from a revolving coil.
The roles of each of these AC generator
components are listed below.
1. Field- The field is made up of conductor coils
that receive electricity from the source and
generate magnetic flux. The armature is cut by
the magnetic flux in the field, which produces
a voltage. This voltage is the AC generator’s
output voltage.
2. Armature- The portion of an AC generator that
produces voltage is known as the armature.
This component largely comprises of wire coils
large enough to handle the generator’s full-
load current.
3. Prime Mover- The prime mover is the
component that drives the AC generator. A
diesel engine, a steam turbine, or a motor
might all be used as the prime mover.
4. Rotor- The rotor is the rotating component of
the generator. The rotor is driven by the
generator’s prime mover.
5. Stator- An AC generator’s stator is the
stationary component. To reduce eddy current
losses, the stator core is made up of a
lamination of steel alloys or magnetic iron. Slip
Rings- Slip rings are electrical connectors that
transport electricity from and to an AC
generator’s rotor. They are primarily used to
transfer electricity from a fixed device to a
revolving one.
Working of an AC Generator: The flux linkage of

the armature varies continually as it revolves
between the poles of the magnet on an axis
perpendicular to the magnetic field. An electric
current travel through the galvanometer, slip rings
and brushes as a consequence. The galvanometer
changes its value from positive to negative. This
implies that the galvanometer is receiving an
alternating current. Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule can
be used to determine the direction of the induced
current.
Faraday’s Law and
E.m.i.
Electromagnetic induction was discovered
independently by Michael Faraday in 1831 and
Joseph Henry in 1832. Faraday was the first to
publish the results of his experiments. In Faraday's
first experimental demonstration of
electromagnetic induction (August 29, 1831), he
wrapped two wires around opposite sides of an
iron ring (torus) (an arrangement similar to a
modern toroidal transformer). Based on his
assessment of recently discovered properties of
electromagnets, he expected that when current
started to flow in one wire, a sort of wave would
travel through the ring and cause some electrical
effect on the opposite side. He plugged one wire
into a galvanometer, and watched it as he
connected the other wire to a battery. Indeed, he
saw a transient current (which he called a "wave of
electricity") when he connected the wire to the
battery, and another when he disconnected it.
This induction was due to the change in magnetic
flux that occurred when the battery was
connected and disconnected. Within two months,
Faraday had found several other manifestations of
electromagnetic induction. For example, he saw
transient currents when he quickly slid a bar
magnet in and out of a coil of wires, and he
generated a steady (DC) current by rotating a
copper disk near the bar magnet with a sliding
electrical lead ("Faraday's disk").
Applications
1. Power Generator:
The primary use of AC generators is
for power generation. AC generators
are used in power plants to generate
electrical power for industrial,
commercial, and residential use.
These generators can produce
electricity at various voltages and
frequencies, making them suitable for
a wide range of applications.
2. Renewable Energy:
AC generators are also used in renewable
energy systems such as wind turbines and
hydroelectric power plants. Wind turbines use
AC generators to convert the mechanical
energy of wind into electrical energy, which
can be used to power homes and businesses.
Hydroelectric power plants use AC generators
to produce electricity from falling water.
3. Transportation
AC generators are used in various
transportation systems such as trains,
ships, and airplanes. They are used to
power electric motors that drive the
propulsion systems of these vehicles.
AC generators are preferred over DC
generators in transportation systems
due to their high efficiency and ability
to produce high power output.
4. Industrial Applications
AC generators have various industrial
applications such as welding, arc
lighting, and induction heating. They
are used in welding machines to
generate high currents and voltages
required for welding. AC generators
are also used in arc lighting systems to
produce intense light. In induction
heating, AC generators are used to
produce high-frequency AC current,
which is used to heat metallic objects.
Conclusion
In this report, we discussed the nature
of AC Generators,
To summarize,
What Is an AC Generator? AC generator
is a machine that converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy. The AC
Generator's input supply is mechanical
energy supplied by steam turbines, gas
turbines and combustion engines. The
output is alternating electrical power in
the form of alternating voltage and
current.
BilioGraphy
I have gathered diverse information on various
topics with the assistance of these sources.
1. www.wikipedia.com
2. www.byjus.com
3. www.olympus-ims.com
4. www.geeksforgeeks.org
5. www.embibe.com
6. www.daenotes.com
7. www.khanacademy.org
Thank you

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Physics Assignment

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE PHYSICS PROJECT

INTERNAL EXAMINER TEACHER IN-CHARGE

Working of an AC Generator: The flux linkage of

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