Definition of Interpersonal Relationship

 Interpersonal relationships refer to reciprocal social and emotional interactions

between two or more individuals in an environment.
 Interpersonal relationship is defined as a close association between individuals
who share common interests and goals.

Johari Window
The Johari Window model is a simple and useful tool for illustrating and improving self
– awareness, and mutual understanding between individuals within a group.
The Johari Window model can also be used to assess and improve a groups
relationship with other groups.

Founders
The Johari Window model was devised by American psychologist Joseph Luft and
Harry Ingham in 1955, while researching group dynamics at the University of
California Los Angeles.

The model was first published in the proceedings of the Western Training
Laboratory in Group Development by UCLA Extension Office in 1955, and was
later expanded by Joseph Luft.

Formation of Name
Luft and Ingham called their Johari Window model “ Johari ” after
combining their first names Joe and Harry. In early publications the word
appears as JoHari .

Influence
Today the Johari Window model is especially relevant due to modern emphasis on, and
influence of
 Soft skills
 Behaviour
 Empathy
 Cooperation
 Inter- group development
 Interpersonal development
What actually Model Represents

Use of Johari Model

- The Johari Window soon became a widely used model for understanding and
training self – awareness, personal development, improving communication,
interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, team development and inter- group
relationships.
- The Johari Window model is also referred to as a disclosure/ feedback model of self-
awareness and some people an information processing tool.
- The Johari Window actually represents information – feelings, experience, views,
attitudes, skills, intentions, motivation, etc. within or about a person- in relation to
their group, from four perspectives.

Areas of Model

- The four Johari Window perspectives are called regions or areas or quadrants. Each

Of these regions contains and represents the information – feelings, motivation, etc. known
about the person, in terms of whether the information is known or unknown by the person, and
whether the information is known or unknown by others in the group.

Johari window four quadrants

1. What is known by the person about him/ herself and is also known by others-
open area, open self, free area, free self or the arena.

2. What is unknown by the person about him/ herself but which others know – blind
area, blind self, or blind spot.

3. What the person knows about him/ herself that others do not know- hidden area,
hidden self, avoided area, avoided self or façade.

4. What is unknown by the person about him/herself and is also unknown by others
– unknown area or unknown self.
Johari quadrant 1
- Johari region 1 is also known as the area of free activity, this is the information
about the person – behaviour, attitude, feelings, emotion, knowledge, experience,
skills, views, etc- known by the person
(the self ) and known by the group( others ).

Johari quadrant 2
- Johari region 2 is what is known about a person by others in the group, but is
unknown by the person him/herself.

Johari quadrant 3
- What is known to ourselves but kept hidden from, and therefore unknown to
others.
Johari quadrant 4
- It contains information, feelings, talent abilities, aptitudes, experiences etc. that are
unknown to the person him/herself and unknown to others in the group.

Unknown factors

 An ability that is under- estimated or un- tried through lack of opportunity,

encouragement, confidence or training.

 A natural ability or aptitude that a person doesn’t realize they possess

 A fear or aversion that a person does not know they have

 An unknown illness

 Repressed or subconscious feelings

 Conditioned behaviour or attitudes from childhood.

Introduction
Strong positive interpersonal relationships are essential to achieving our success – whether they
be work relationships, family relationships or relationships with other in our communities. Were in almost
constant contact with others and we should make every contact an opportunity to strengthen our social
skills and reinforce our relationships.

Levels of Communication
Scholars categorize different levels and types of communication. These distinctions are somewhat
artificial, since types of communication more realistically fit on a continuum rather than in separate
categories. Nevertheless, to understand the various type of communication, it is helpful to consider various
factors.

The distinguishing characteristics include the following:

 Number of communicators (one through many).
 Physical proximity of the communicators in relation to each other (close or distant).
 Immediacy of the exchange, whether it is taking place either ( I ) live or in apparently real time or
( 2) on delayed basis.
 Number of sensory channels (including visual, auditory, tactile and so on).
 The context of the communication (whether face to face or mediated).

Note that each level of communication may be formal or informal, personal or impersonal.
And also the purposes of communication may vary and overlap, giving a communicator a
potentially wide list of choices for communication channels.

The levels of communication can be categorized in a four- fold pattern as:

 Intrapersonal
 Direct interpersonal
 Mediated interpersonal
  Mass

Intrapersonal Communication

Intrapersonal communication takes place within a single person, often for the purpose of
clarifying ideas or analyzing a situation. Other times, intrapersonal communication is
undertaken in order to reflect upon or appreciate something.
Intrapersonal communication cold be called our inner monologue. When we sit down to
think of ways to solve a problem, were communicating interpersonally. Even during those
moments of quiet reflection about ourselves, our goals in life, our beliefs, values and
expectations, we are communicating with ourselves. Intrapersonal communication also
includes dreams, fantasies, talking out loud to yourself and writing, such as in a journal.

Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal communication takes place between at least two people. A conversation
over a candlelit dinner, a phone call and this article are all considered interpersonal communication. One
person sends a message, either by talking or writing, or even with body language, and at least one other
person receives that message. Effective interpersonal communication depends on the messenger’s ability
to convey their exact meaning without ambiguity.
Interpersonal communication is the process that we use to communicate our ides, thoughts, and
feelings to another person. Our interpersonal communication skills are learned behaviours that can be
improved through knowledge, practice, feedback and reflection.

Three aspects of Intrapersonal Communication

 Self- Concept
 Perception
 Expectation
 Motivation

SELF CONCEPT
Is the basis for intrapersonal communication, because it determines how a persona sees him/ herself and is
oriented toward other’s.
The term self- concept is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about or perceives
themselves. The self -concept is how we think about and evaluate ourselves. To be aware of oneself is to oneself is
to have a concept of oneself.

SELF CONCEPT IS ALSO CALLED SELF – AWARENESS

This may involve Three Factors:
 Beliefs
 Values
  Attitudes

 Beliefs – are basic personal orientation toward what is true or false, good or bad, beliefs can be descriptive
or prescriptive.
 Values- are deep – seated orientations and ideals, generally based on and consistent with beliefs, about
right and wrong ideas and actions.
 Attitude- are learned predisposition toward or against a topic, ideals that stem from and generally are
consistent with values.

Beliefs, values and attitudes all influence behavior, which can be either spoken opinion or physical
action. Some psychologists include body image, as an aspect of intrapersonal communication, in that body
image is a way of perceiving ourselves, positively or negatively, according to the social standards of our
culture. Other things that can affect self – concept are personal attributes, talents, social role, even birth
order.
PERCEPTION
Whereas self – concept focuses internally, perception looks outward. Perception of the outside world also is
rooted in beliefs, values, and attitudes. It is so closely intertwined with self – concept that one feeds off the others,
creating a harmonious, understanding of both oneself and one’s world.
EXPECTATIONS
Are future- oriented messages dealing with long term roles, sometimes called life scripts. These sometimes
are projections of learned relationship within the family or society.
MOTIVATION

Self-
actualization
vitality
creativity
self-sufficency
Authernticity
playfulness
meaningfulness

Self-Esteem

Love and belongingness

Safety & Secuirity

TYPES OF INTEPERSONAL COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY
 Internal Discourse
Involves thinking, concentration and analysis. Phycologist include both day dreaming and nocturnal
dreaming in this category

Example Prayer, contemplation and meditation are example in this category though form a
theological point of view the argument may be made that is not solely internal to one person. In sufi
tradition, this is similar to the concept of nafs, negotiating with the inner self.
Example: Consciously appreciating the beauty of a sunset.

 Solo Vocal Communication

Includes speaking aloud to oneself. This may be done to clarify thinking, to rehearse a message
intended for others, or simply to let off steam.
Example: Talking to yourself as you complain about your boss.

 Solo Written Communication

Deals with Written not Intended for Others.
Example: An entry in a diary or personal journal.

Direct Interpersonal Communication

Involves a direct face-to-face relationship between the sender and receiver of a message, who are in an
interdependent relationship. Because of interpersonal communication’s immediacy (its is talking place here), it is
characterized by a strong feedback component.
Communication is enchanced when the relationship exist over a long period of time. Interpersonal
communication involves not only the words used but also the various element of nonverbal communication. The
purpose of influence, help and discover, as well as to share and play together.
Interpersonal Communication can be Categorized by

 Dyadic communication – involves two people

Example: two friends talking.

 Group communication- involves three or more person

Example: University study group.
  Public communication – involves a large group with a primarily one-way
monologue style generation only minimal feedback. Information sharing,
entertainment and persuasion are common purposes of public communication.
Example: Lecture in university

 Family Communication- focuses on communication pattern within nuclear,

extended and blended families.
Example: Communication during with holiday meal.

 Organizational communication- deals with communication with large

organization such as business.

Example: Work focused discussion between employer to employee

o Note that these stages can be applied to personal friendships, romantic relationship,
business encounter, and many other types of interaction.
Stages in the process of interpersonal communication

- The initial encounter offers a first impression that can be full of communication data. Likes or dislike can
be instantaneous thought many people have learned that first impressions may be misleading.
- Experiment is the second step in interpersonal communication of exchanged on a variety of topics –
general and “safe” at first, gradually becoming more personal and more self-revealing
- Intensifying follows when the experiment to positive mutual conclusions that the relationship is worth
pursuing.
- The fourth step in interpersonal communication is integration, in which mutual decision are made that
the relationship is fulfilling. This is the stage of intense friendship, close business partnership, romantic
commitments, and so on.
Knapp also outline a similar reverse pattern for the unraveling of interpersonal relationship

- Stagnating is the stage, in which the relationship becomes flat and personally unfulfilling and is
continued mainly for reason beyond the relation, such as religious or family obligation, contractual
obligation, or social expectation.
- Over unpleasantness is evident in the avoidance stage, in which the participants in interpersonal
commination both avoid each other and express mutual annoyance when they encounter each other.
- Termination if the final stage of breakdown, at which time legal, religion or other formal contract are
abrogated and the demise of the relationship is announced to others.
- Differentiating mirror’s the initiating phase but focuses instead on the differences that people notice
about each other
- Communication likewise plays a central role the circumscribing stage, during which time participants in
the relationship begin to minimize their communication and confine it to mainly functional topics.
Mediated interpersonal Communication
-Involves technology that assist or links the sender and receiver of messages this may involve immediacy
(live, or so called real time.) it does not involves a primary context but instead uses technology to link the various
parties in communication.
 -Mediated communication has several inherent limitation, including the ability of telephone or internet users
to mask or disguise the message, or the susceptibility of machines to various mechanical or technological noise
sources.

Mass Communication
-A more public form of communication between an entity and large diverse audience, mediated by some
form of technology. This may be either real time or on a taped delay basis, or it may be rooted in the usually recent
past.
Example: Radio and television, newspapers and magazines.

Related concept in Interpersonal Communication

-Conversation: Often considered informal and everyday speech, but more formally a finite element
within an ongoing relationship based on interpersonal communication.
- Speech act. An intentional utterance made to achieve an intended goal. In an informal context, a
speech act might be a promise made by parent to his or her child.
-Communication Competence: the ability to communicate in socially acceptable way. For
interpersonal relationship, this involves he speaker interaction with others.
-Self-disclosure: Process of making internal revelations about oneself that others would be unlikely
to know otherwise, while self-disclosure is an individual communication tactic, it invites reciprocity.
-Gender differences: Communication scholars researched the varying ways men and women
communicate, which often varies further among different cultures.
-Metacommunication: communication about the act. or process of communicating rather that
focusing on the context of communication.

Stereotypes
A natural result of communication is- the development of stereotypes, which are attitudes or judgments we
make about people based not on personal experience but rather on what we have learned about them through
communication. American journalist Walter Lippman (1884- 1974) called them “pictures in our heads.
Through stereotypes, we categorize people, presume to understand their characteristics, and thus make
sense of a complex world. Thus they can enhance communication and relationships. Stereotypes, which can be,
positive or negative, usually are associated with our attitudes about people and ideas, both our own and others.
Communication researchers have identified three basic principles about stereotypes:
 Stereotypes contain ambivalent beliefs about relationship between groups.
  They heighten perception of negative and extreme behavior.

 They maintain division between in-groups (“us”) and out-Groups (“them’).

Group Communication
-Much communication takes place in the context of small group, which are defined as
those of three or more participants.

Conflict and Communication

-Conflict can be considered in various context, but much of the formal study of conflict has
been at the interpersonal level. Principle and lesson from that level can be extended to the in public and intercultural
level of communication, and the manner in which conflicts approached varies, from the culture of other. Even the
resolution of conflict varies, seeking clear winners or losers, saving of face (or inflicting shame), short –term gain
versus the setting of precedence and long-term implication, and so on.

ShepherdVille College
Talojongon, Tigaon Cam. Sur
A/Y 2019-2020

A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT IN MC VED 03

DYNAMICS OF INTRA AND INTERPERSONAL

RELATIONSHIP
For the first quarter of the 1st semester

Submitted by:
CHELDAN ALLYSA P. FERNANDEZ
 Submitted to:
MR. JOBEN COMPETENTE