Application Guide

Structural Bracing

Villaboard™ Lining
Versilux™ Lining
HardieFlex™ Sheet
HardiePlank™ Weatherboard
HardieTex™ System
PanelClad™ Sheet
PineRidge™ Lining
Scyon™ Linea™ Weatherboard
EasyLap™ Panel

EXTERIORS

Australia October 2018

Make sure your information is up to date.
When specifying or installing James Hardie™ products, ensure
that you have the current technical information and guides. If in
doubt, or you need more information, visit www.jameshardie.
com.au or Ask James Hardie™ on 13 11 03.
 1 INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS 1.1 GENERAL
All buildings require bracing against lateral forces due to wind (and in some
1 INTRODUCTION 2 instances earthquakes). Due to current design trends (open plan spaces,
1.1 General 2
wider window openings etc), the role of bracing is becoming more critical.
1.2 Bracing with fibre cement cladding products 3
This is particularly so for houses built on the coastal fringe of Australia
1.3 Caution during renovations/alterations 3
north of Latitude 30° (Coffs Harbour in the east, and Green Head in WA)
1.4 Bracing capacity for framing with thermal strips or cavity
where designs have to cater for cyclonic winds.
battens 3
This guide describes how to achieve the necessary bracing requirements
in timber- and steel-framed houses using various James HardieTM fibre
2 BRACING FOR TIMBER FRAMING IN cement cladding products.
ACCORDANCE WITH AS 1684 4 Ensure that this guide is read in conjunction with the relevant technical
2.1 Timber framing code 4 specification or installation guide for that product.
2.2 Types of bracing 4
2.3 Simplified design method 4 For ease of use, the core of this guide has been divided into three parts:
2.4 Conventional limit state design 5 • Section 2 explores AS 1684 ‘Residential Timber Framed


Construction’ (‘the code’), and gives fixing details and bracing

3 BRACING FOR TIMBER FRAMING capacities for James HardieTM fibre cement cladding products in
accordance with the design requirements of this standard;
WITH ANCHOR RODS 7 • Section 3 gives fixing details and bracing capacities for James
3.1 Introduction 7 HardieTM fibre cement cladding products fixed with anchor rods
3.2 Bracing resistance capacities 7 (normally used in high wind and cyclonic areas) to timber frames;
3.3 Anchor rod detail and tie-down 7 • Section 4 provides fixing details and bracing capacities for James
3.4 Cavity construction 7 HardieTM fibre cement cladding products fixed to steel frames.

4 BRACING FOR STEEL FRAMING 8 Unlike superseded James HardieTM literature on this subject, this guide
4.1 Introduction 8 does not contain design aids for calculating wind forces and bracing units.
4.2 Bracing resistance capacity 8 AS 1684 provides adequate information on fixing of bracing panels to the
4.3 Framing connections 8 structural frame.
4.4 Tie-down requirements 8
This guide must be used as a guide only to, but not as a substitute for,
4.5 Cavity construction 8
AS 1684 because it may be subject to regular amendments and individual
designs in this guide may vary from these.
5 SAFE WORKING PRACTICES 10 All design capacities quoted are Ultimate Limit State (ULS) figures and
Warning 10 have been certified by consulting engineers, Cardno (NSW) Pty Ltd.
Recommended safe working practices 10 Permissible stress capacity may be obtained by dividing the ULS value
Working instructions 10 by 1.5.
Hole-forming 11
Storage and handling 11 The specifier or other party responsible for the project must ensure the
Quality 11 details in this specification are appropriate for the intended application and
that additional detailing is performed for specific design or any areas that
fall outside the scope and specifications of this guide.
6 PRODUCT INFORMATION 12
6.1 General 12
6.2 Product mass 12
6.3 Durability 12
6.4 Alpine regions 12

7 COMPONENTS 13

8 FRAMING, FIXING AND

INSTALLATION DETAILS FOR
JHFC SHEET BRACING 14
8.1 General 14
8.2 Framing 14
8.3 Fixing 15
8.4 Installation details 15

9 DETAILS 16
1.2 B
 RACING WITH FIBRE CEMENT
CLADDING PRODUCTS
Fibre cement (FC) cladding on double-sided or single-sided wall systems
can provide resistance against lateral forces or racking shear.
When fixed in accordance with this guide, and properly coated in external
applications, thicker cladding products can provide bracing capacity to
buildings as well as serving as a wall cladding.
The design tables in this guide provide bracing values for James HardieTM
cladding products of 6mm or greater thickness. These are:
1. 6mm HardieFlexTM sheet;
2. 6mm VillaboardTM and Versilux® linings;
3. 6mm PanelCladTM sheet and PineRidgeTM lining;
4. 7.5mm HardieTexTM system;
5. 8.5mm EasyLapTM panel
6. All thicknesses and widths of HardiePlankTM weatherboard and
Scyon™ Linea™ weatherboards, provided that fasteners pass
through both planks (see note below).
Important Note
For simplicity, items 1 to 5 will be referred to in the design tables as 6mm
JHFC sheets and item 6 as JHFC planks and weatherboards.

1.3 CAUTION DURING RENOVATIONS / ALTERATIONS

If an existing building is being altered or renovated, the structural design
for the bracing resistance must be checked by an engineer.
In minor renovations/alterations, the builder must ensure that the
designated bracing panels and/or elements are either not removed or else
replaced with elements of equal or greater capacity.

1.4 B
 RACING CAPACITY FOR FRAMING WITH
THERMAL STRIPS OR CAVITY BATTENS
Until such time that this guide is revised to provide specific design
information on this matter, it must be assumed that no bracing capacity
can be claimed whenever the JHFC cladding is fixed over a thermal break
strip in steel framing or a cavity batten in any form of wall construction.
Therefore, in order to achieve the tabulated bracing capacities, the JHFC
sheets must be installed under the cavity battens and directly to the face
of the framing, on either side.

Cladding used Villaboard™ as Villaboard™ as Cladding installed

as structural bracing sheet bracing sheet over battens
bracing. with cladding with cladding with no structural
installed directly installed on bracing
over surface battens
James Hardie™
cladding
HardieWrapTM HardieWrapTM
HardieWrapTM weather barrier weather barrier
weather barrier installed over installed over This
installed on Villaboard™ sheet Villaboard™ sheet configuration
frame will not provide
James Hardie™ James Hardie™ any bracing
cladding cladding capacity

BRACING EXAMPLES

STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE 3

2 BRACING FOR TIMBER FRAMING IN
ACCORDANCE WITH AS 1684
2.1 TIMBER FRAMING CODE 2.3 SIMPLIFIED DESIGN METHOD
AS 1684 ‘Residential Timber Framed Construction’ (‘the code’), is an 2.3.1 Limitations, procedure and other rules
extensive revision of the earlier code of practice. It was first issued in 1999 The simplified method given in AS 1684.4 applies only to Class 1 and
in four parts : Class 10 Buildings as defined by the Building Code of Australia (BCA).
Clause 1.4 of AS 1684.4 elaborates these limitations as follows:
Part 1: Design criteria
Part 2: Non-cyclonic areas • single- and two-storey dwellings only;
Part 3: Cyclonic areas • a maximum wind classification of N2 (ie non-cyclonic);
Part 4: Simplified non-cyclonic areas • a maximum width of building of 12m excluding eaves;
• a maximum wall height of 2700mm;
Note: Part 1 has been superseded by AS 1720.3:2016 ‘Design criteria for
• a maximum rafter overhang of 750mm;
timber-framed residential buildings’. Parts 2, 3 and 4 were revised in 2010.
• a maximum roof pitch of 30º;
The main change in 1999 was the move to Limit State design. With regard • a maximum rafter spacing of 900mm for tile roofs and 1200mm for
to structural bracing, the former Type A and Type B bracing units have sheet roofs;
been placed into AS 1684.4, the simplified design procedure, which is • spacing of bracing elements not to exceed 9m;
covered in Clause 2.3 of this guide. In the simplified method, the number • there are certain maximum building masses for floor framing, wall
of bracing units is determined directly from tables relating to the shape of framing and roof framing.
the building and bracing units are then assigned according to the rules of This would cover the vast majority of homes in urban areas south of
the code. 30º latitude.
Structural bracing using the conventional Limit State design method is The design procedure shall be as follows:
covered in Section 8 “Racking and Shear Forces” of both Part 2 and
(a) Determine wind classification using Clause 1.4.2 of AS 1684.4;
Part 3 of the code. This is covered in Clause 2.4 of this guide. In this
method, the total racking force is determined from tabulated data and (b) Determine the appropriate house elevation option for single or
bracing walls are designed on the basis of their actual kN/m bracing upper storey or the lower storey of a two-storey building for
capacity. both wind directions (use the code Figure 8.3);
Note that throughout the code the wind classifications of AS 4055 ‘Wind (c) Determine the number of bracing units required for each wind
Loads for Housing’ have been used: direction (use the code Table 8.2);
• In Part 2, the pressures have been tabulated for non-cyclonic wind (d) Allocate the required number of structural bracing units in
classifications N1 to N4 (with N5 and N6 ignored); conjunction with the amount of nominal bracing if necessary;
• In Part 3, the pressures have been tabulated for cyclonic wind refer to code clause 8.3.2.3
classifications C1 to C3 (with C4 ignored).
(e) Distribute the bracing units evenly (see the code Figures 8.4 and
clause 8.3.2.3).
2.2 TYPES OF BRACING
Other rules and allowances that need to be considered include the
The code describes two types of bracing against lateral load:
following (refer to the code Clause 8.3.2.3 for full details):
2.2.1 Nominal bracing
• B racing may be a combination of Type A and/or Type B structural
Nominal bracing is defined as (a) any wall framing lined with fibre cement
bracing units and/or nominal bracing;
sheets (or other materials) not fixed in accordance with this guide, and/or
• Nominal bracing shall not constitute more than 50% of the required
(b) with the frames nominally fixed to the floor and the roof or ceiling frame
bracing for each wind direction or in each storey;
(ie not tied down in accordance with this guide). The capacity depends
• Where structural bracing occurs in the same section of wall as
on whether the simplified design method (Section 2.3 of this guide) or
nominal bracing, the nominal bracing in that section of wall shall not
the conventional design method (Section 2.4 of this guide) is used. For
be considered as contributing to the house bracing requirements;
framing, fixing and installation of nominal bracing, refer to Clause 8.1.
• Generally a minimum of two structural bracing units (Type A or Type
2.2.2 Structural bracing B) shall be provided in each overall length of external wall in each
Also known as “designated” bracing, structural bracing is purpose-fitted storey, located as closely as possible to the external corners (see the
bracing such as the James HardieTM systems detailed in this guide. Fixing code for rules of exceptions);
must be as per the instructions given in this guide. • One Type B unit equals two Type A units;
• Bracing units need to be installed at right angles to the wall area
of elevation (ie parallel to wind direction) for which the bracing was
defined.
Clause 1.5(f) of AS 1684.4 states that the design capacities are 3kN per
900mm for Type A bracing units and 6kN per 900mm for Type B. These
are Ultimate Limit State (ULS) figures.
2.3.2 Nominal bracing
Cladding not fixed in accordance with this guide, or wall frames not
connected to the structure in accordance with this guide, is nominal
bracing. Respectively a 7m length of single-sided nominal bracing or a
4m length of double-sided nominal bracing constitutes one Type A
bracing unit.

4 STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE

2.3.3 Structural bracing 2.4.2 Nominal bracing
Apart from using 6mm Villaboard™ lining as structural bracing as per The two categories, structural wall bracing and nominal wall bracing, exist
Clauses 2.3.6 and 2.3.7 below, Type A and B units can also be achieved in this method too and the same rules apply in that nominal bracing (as
with minimum 6mm thick JHFC sheets as detailed in Clause 2.3.8 of defined at Clause 2.2 of this guide) may provide no more than 50% of the
this guide. In this simplified method, bracing units must not be less than total required bracing capacity.
900mm wide.
The ULS capacity of nominal bracing walls is given by the code as
2.3.4 Bracing panels wider than 900mm 0.45kN/m for single-sided walls and 0.75kN/m for double-sided walls.
Bracing units are generally based on a standard width of 900mm. For The minimum length for which nominal bracing capacity may be claimed
wider walls than this, the bracing capacity is increased in direct proportion is 450mm.
to the installed width divided by 900. For example, a 1200mm wide
For permissible stress capacity divide by 1.5
section is equivalent to 1200/900 or 1.33 times the bracing resistance of
the 900mm unit. TABLE 1 U
 LS DESIGN BRACING CAPACITY OF JAMES
2.3.5 Tie-down requirements HARDIE™ FIBRE CEMENT CLADDING ON
In order to provide structural bracing resistance, the bracing panels must TIMBER FRAMES (KN/M)
be adequately tied-down to the floor system. For tie-down requirements, 6mm JHFC sheets, single-sided, fixed vertically as per
3.3
refer to AS 1684.4 Clause 8.3.2.7 (bottom) and Clause 8.3.2.8 (top). standard nail pattern (see Figure 1)
2.3.6 Type A bracing units 6mm JHFC sheets, single-sided, fixed vertically as per
6.6
To achieve Type A bracing capacity (3kN/900mm), fix the Villaboard™ standard nail pattern (see Figure 2)
lining or any other 6mm JHFC sheet bracing in accordance with Figure 1, 6mm JHFC sheets, single-sided, fixed vertically, (see Figure 3,4
2.8
Section 8 and Clause 2.3.5 of this guide. or 5b), or horizontally with set joints (see Figure 5a)
2.3.7 Type B bracing units 6mm JHFC sheets double-sided, fixed vertically (see Figure 3,
4.0
To achieve Type B bracing capacity (6kN/900mm), fix the Villaboard™ 4 or 5b )
lining or any other 6mm JHFC sheet bracing in accordance with Figure 2, 6mm JHFC sheets double-sided, fixed horizontally with set
4.0
Section 8 and Clause 2.3.5 of this guide. joints (see Figure 5a)
The bracing rules and methods of determining the required number of 6mm JHFC sheets, fixed vertically (see Figure 3, 4 or 5b) or
bracing units remains the same as previously described. horizontally with joints set (see Figure 5a) + (JHFC planks or 3.2
weatherboards on other side (see Figures 6 and 7)
2.4 CONVENTIONAL LIMIT STATE DESIGN JHFC planks or weatherboards on one side only (see Figures
2.4.1 Design procedure 2.0
6 and 7)
For a building outside the scope of the simplified method, use the
Scyon™ Linea weatherboards on one side of frame only using
procedure given in both AS 1684.2 and AS 1684.3. In both parts of the 3.4
face fixing method (see Figure 8)
code, Clause 8.3.1 states that bracing shall be designed and provided for
each storey of the house (and subfloor where required) in accordance with Scyon™ Linea weatherboards on one side of frame using
the following procedure: face fixing method (see Figure 8) + 6mm JHFC sheets, fixed
4.1
vertically (see Figure 3, 4 or 5b), or horizontally with joints set
(a) Determine the wind classification (see the code Clause 1.4.2 (see Figure 5a)
and AS 1170.2 or AS 4055);
Notes
(b) Determine the wind pressure (see the code Clause 8.3.2);
1. If the bracing panel occurs in isolation within a length of wall and is
(c) Determine the area of elevation (see the code Clause 8.3.3 and not connected to any cross-wall, then the capacity given in Table 1
Figure 8.2); must be reduced by 30%.
(d) Calculate racking force (see the code Clause 8.3.4); 2. For definition of 6mm JHFC sheets see the note at Clause 1.2
(e) Design bracing systems (for walls, see the code Clause 8.3.6 of this guide. Thicker sheets are assumed to provide at least the
and subfloors see the code Clause 8.3.5); tabulated value.

(f) Check even distribution and spacing (see the code Clauses 3. If JD5 grade timber is used in the framing, then the capacity given
8.3.6.6 and 8.3.6.7 and the code Tables 8.20, 8.21 and 8.22); in Table 1 must be reduced by 12.5%.

(g) Check connection of bracing to roof/ceilings and floors (see the 4. Butt joints are permitted in vertical sheets provided that both sheet
code Clauses 8.3.6.9 and 8.3.6.10). edges are fixed to a nogging with fasteners at the same spacing as
nominated for the top and bottom edges.
Instead of proportioning bracing units required versus those provided,
the actual racking shear capacities of the bracing panels are added up 5. For horizontally fixed sheets, if edges at a butt joint are not fixed
and made to exceed the total racking force calculated. All pressures and to a nogging behind the joint, then the joint needs to be properly
forces are Ultimate Limit State (ULS) figures. tape-set in order to claim the tabulated design bracing capacity.

STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE 5

2.4.3 Structural bracing 2.4.8 James HardieTM cladding products
Table 1 provides the ULS design capacities for the James HardieTM fibre The 6mm JHFC sheet products (as defined at Clause 1.2 of this guide)
cement products that may be used as designated structural bracing in this as well as the plank and weatherboard range provides structural bracing
procedure. capacity as given in Table 1. Fixing details for the different products are
given below.
Where greater bracing capacities are required, anchor rods may be used
and the values in Table 4 (in Section 3 of this guide) claimed.
(a) HardieFlex™ sheet, PineRidge™ lining and PanelClad™ sheet
2.4.4 Wall height and capacity modification • Non-cyclonic areas: sheets fixed vertically in accordance with Figure
The capacity of bracing walls is given for a standard wall height of 3, Section 8 and Clause 2.4.7 of this guide will achieve the bracing
2700mm and decreases as the height increases. Refer to Clause 8.3.6.4 capacities stated in Table 1.
of both Parts 2 and 3 of the code, interpreted as in Table 2. • Cyclonic areas: sheets fixed vertically along with anchor rods in
accordance with Figure 3, Section 8 and Clause 3.3 of this guide will
Intermediate values may be interpolated.
achieve the values stated in Table 4.
TABLE 2 REDUCTION FACTORS FOR HEIGHT
PANEL HEIGHT (mm) BRACING REDUCTION FACTOR (b) HardieTex™ system
2700 1.0 • Non-cyclonic areas: sheets fixed vertically in accordance with Figure
4, Section 8 and Clause 2.4.7 of this guide will achieve the bracing
3000 0.9
capacities stated in Table 1.
3300 0.8
• Cyclonic areas: sheets fixed vertically along with anchor rods in
3600 0.75 accordance with Figure 4, Section 8 and Clause 3.3 of this guide will
3900 0.7 achieve the values stated in Table 4.
4200 0.64
(c) Villaboard™ and Versilux™ linings
2.4.5 Panels less than 900mm wide
• Non-cyclonic areas: sheets fixed vertically or horizontally in
Generally the minimum length of a designated bracing panel is 900mm,
accordance with Figure 5, Section 8 and Clause 2.4.7 of this guide
although exceptions are permitted with reference to Clause 8.3.6.5 of both
will achieve the bracing capacities stated in Table 1.
Parts 2 and 3 of the code. This is interpreted in Table 3.
• Cyclonic areas: sheets fixed vertically or horizontally along with
Ensure that an intermediate stud is used for bracing panels over 600mm anchor rods in accordance with Figure 5, Section 8 and Clause 3.3
in width. of this guide will achieve the values stated in Table 4.

TABLE 3 REDUCTION FACTORS FOR LENGTH (d) Planks and weatherboards external cladding
LENGTH OF NARROW BRACING REDUCTION FACTOR • Non-cyclonic areas: The bracing capacity stated in Table 1 applies to


BRACING PANEL (mm) all JHFC planks and weatherboards, when fixed in accordance with
900 1.0 Figure 6, Section 8 and Clause 2.4.7 of this guide.
800 0.83 • Cyclonic areas: The bracing capacity stated in Table 4 applies to all
750 0.75 JHFC planks and weatherboards, when fixed along with anchor rods
700 0.66 in accordance with Figure 6, Section 8 and Clause 3.3 of this guide.
600 0.50 • In both the above cases, JHFC planks and weatherboards must be
fixed at 150mm maximum centres along top and bottom plates as
shown in Figure 7. For Linea™ weatherboard however, this figure
2.4.6 Location, distribution and spacing of bracing walls must be 75mm.
Refer to Clause 8.3.6.6 of both Parts 2 and 3 of the code for required • For Linea™ weatherboard fixing, see Figure 8.
location and distribution and Clause 8.3.6.7 for spacing rules.
2.4.7 Tie-down requirements 2.4.9 Cavity construction
In order to achieve structural bracing resistance (as defined at Clause If the wall cladding is fixed over cavity battens placed onto the timber
2.1.2 of this guide) the bracing panel needs to be tied into the structure. studs, then no bracing capacity can be claimed. Therefore, in order
For tie-down requirements, refer to Clause 8.3.6.9 (top of wall) and Clause to achieve the tabulated bracing capacities, the JHFC sheets must be
8.3.6.10 (bottom of wall) in both Parts 2 and 3 of the code. installed under the cavity battens and directly to the face of the framing, on
either side. Refer to Section 1.4 for further details.

6 STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE

3 BRACING FOR TIMBER FRAMING
WITH ANCHOR RODS
3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.3 ANCHOR ROD DETAIL AND TIE-DOWN
This section details James HardieTM fibre cement sheet cladding used Anchor rods must be 12mm diameter, full-length mild steel (M12) rods
for bracing with timber framing and anchor rods, specifically for winds in tying the wall top plate through the frame cavity to the sub-structure.
cyclonic areas. These rods provide resistance against uplift forces and add
A standard 38mm diameter flat round washer must be used under
to the racking capacity of the wall panels.
each nut.
Bracing capacities quoted in this section were proved by testing in
Anchor rods must be placed at both ends of each section of the bracing
consultation with the James Cook Cyclone Structural Testing Station.
wall and at not more than 2.4m centres.
3.2 BRACING RESISTANCE CAPACITIES Anchor rods must be located within 100mm of the adjacent face of the
Table 4 provides the ULS design bracing capacities of 6mm JHFC sheets, stud ends. See Figure 9.
JHFC planks and weatherboards used with anchor rods when fixed in
Between anchor rods, one M10 hold-down bolt must be provided at a
accordance with the relevant parts of this guide.
maximum of 1.2m centres to further fix the bottom plate to the
For permissible stress capacity divide by 1.5 sub-structure.
TABLE 4 U
 LS DESIGN BRACING CAPACITY OF JAMES Fixing of the timber frames into the structure (ie “tie-down”) must comply
HARDIE™ FIBRE CEMENT CLADDING ON with government building regulations and/or AS 1684.3-1999. Refer to the
TIMBER FRAMES (kN/m) code Clauses 8.3.6.9 (top) and 8.3.6.10 (bottom).
6mm JHFC sheet fixed with standard nail pattern (see Figure 1) 6.6
3.4 CAVITY CONSTRUCTION
6mm JHFC sheet fixed with standard nail pattern (see Figure 1) If the wall cladding is fixed over cavity battens placed onto the timber
+ 6mm JHFC sheets other side, fixed vertically (see Figure 3, 4 10.0 studs, then no bracing capacity can be claimed. Therefore, in order
or 5b), or horizontally with setjoints (see Figure 5a) to achieve the tabulated bracing capacities, the JHFC sheets must be
6mm JHFC sheets, single-sided, fixed vertically (see Figure 3, installed under the cavity battens and directly to the face of the framing, on
5.3
4 or 5b) or horizontally with set joints (see Figure 5a) either side. Refer to Section 1.4 for further details.
6mm JHFC sheets, double-sided, fixed vertically (see Figure 3,
7.3
4 or 5b) or horizontally with set joints (see Figure 5a)
JHFC planks or weatherboards (see Figure 6 and 7) + 6mm
JHFC sheets other side, fixed vertically (see Figure 3, 6.6
4 or 5b) or horizontally with set joints (see Figure 5a)
JHFC planks or weatherboards, single-sided (see Figure 6 and
2.4
Figure 7)
Scyon™ Linea weatherboards on one side of frame only 5.6
5.6
using face fixing method (see Figure 8)
Scyon™ Linea weatherboards on one side of frame using
6.8 face fixing method (see Figure 8) + 6mm JHFC sheets,
6.8
fixed vertically (see Figure 3, 4 or 5b), or horizontally with joints
set (see Figure 5a)

Notes
1. F
 or definition of 6mm JHFC sheets see Clause 1.2 of this guide.
Thicker sheets are assumed to provide at least the tabulated value.
2. T
 he tabulated bracing strengths relate to 600mm maximum stud
centres.
3. T
 he capacities apply to bracing sheets up to 2700mm high and
not less than 900mm wide. If different, refer respectively to Clauses
2.4.4 and 2.4.5 of this guide.
4. F
 or horizontally fixed sheets, if edges at a butt joint are not fixed to
a nogging, then the joint needs to be properly tape-set in order to
claim the tabulated design bracing capacity.

STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE 7

4 BRACING FOR STEEL FRAMING
4.1 INTRODUCTION Notes
Extensive testing conducted at the James Hardie R&D laboratory and at 1. Bracing capacity can only be claimed for JHFC plank or
the James Cook Cyclone Structural Testing Station has formed the basis weatherboard cladding if screws pass through both planks.
of the information and the design capacities quoted in this section. See Figure 6.
2. For rivetted frames of 1.2 and 1.6mm gauge, the tabulated bracing
4.2 BRACING RESISTANCE CAPACITY
capacities must be multiplied by a factor of 0.8.
Table 5 shows the bracing capacity of James HardieTM cladding products
when fixed to 0.55mm and 0.75mm light gauge steel frames or 1.2mm 3. For definition of 6mm JHFC sheets see Clause 1.2 of this guide.
and 1.6mm medium gauge, welded steel frames. Thicker sheets are assumed to provide at least the tabulated value.
Note 4. Butt joints are permitted in vertical sheets provided that both sheet
Only the values tested are shown in Table 5. Other values may, in certain edges are fixed to a nogging with fasteners at the same spacing as
instances, be interpolated with experience and due diligence. nominated for the top and bottom edges.
The bracing capacities are achieved by using the fixing methods outlined 5. For horizontally fixed sheets: if edges at a butt joint are not fixed to
in Clause 4.4 and Section 8 of this guide. a nogging, then the joint needs to be properly tape-set in order to
claim the tabulated design bracing capacity.
Design capacities were determined in accordance with AS 3623-1993 for
2700mm high panels unless noted otherwise. 6. For external sides of walls, 6mm Villaboard™ lining must be
replaced by properly coated 6mm HardieFlex™ or 7.5mm
The minimum length of a bracing wall or panel must be 900mm.
HardieTex™ system.
The maximum wall length to which the capacities apply is 3600mm.
7. No bracing capacity can be claimed if the JHFC sheet and steel
4.3 FRAMING CONNECTIONS frame are not in direct contact e.g. when cavity battens or thermal
0.55mm to 0.95mm light gauge steel frames: break strips are used. Refer to Section 1.4 for further details
The studs need to be fixed to the top and bottom tracks by screws, rivets,
bolts or mechanical crimping.
1.0mm to 1.6mm medium gauge steel frames:
The connections may be welded or riveted, noting that the design bracing
capacity is 20% lower for the riveted frames.

4.4 TIE-DOWN REQUIREMENTS

0.55mm to 0.95mm light gauge steel frames:
Provide M10 minimum hold-down bolts with 50 x 50 x 3mm distribution
washers at the two outside frame studs and M6 minimum hold-down bolts
with 32mm diameter 2.5mm thick round washers at the interior studs. All
bolts to be placed within 45mm of the stud.
0.95mm to 1.6mm medium gauge steel frames:
Provide M12 minimum hold-down bolts with 75 x 70 x 6mm distribution
washers at 900mm centres and within 70mm of the face of studs.

4.5 CAVITY CONSTRUCTION

If the wall cladding is fixed over cavity battens placed onto the steel studs,
then no bracing capacity can be claimed. Therefore, in order to achieve
the tabulated bracing capacities, the JHFC sheets must be installed under
the cavity battens and directly to the face of the framing, on either side.

8 STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE

 TABLE 5 ULS BRACING CAPACITY OF JAMES HARDIE FIBRE CEMENT CLADDING ON STEEL FRAMES
MATERIAL FIXING DETAILS STUD SCREW SPACING (MM) BRACING CAPACITY (KN/M)
SPACING A/B/C (SEE FIGURE 10)
(MM)
Light gauge steel frames Welded steel frames
(see Note 3)

0.55mm BMT 0.75mm BMT 1.2mm BMT 1.6mm

studs studs studs BMT studs
6mm JHFC sheet Single-sided, fixed 100/100/150 5.4 6.0 - -
bracing vertically, joints 600
200/200/200 3.0 3.3 - -
(if any) not set
450 100/100/150 6.0 6.2 - 8.5
200/200/200 - - 5.8 6.0
100/100/150 - - - 8.8
300
200/200/200 - - - 7.5
7.5mm HardieTex™ Single-sided, fixed 600 200/200/200 3.6 3.8 - -
sheet vertically, joints
(if any) not set 450 200/200/200 - - - 5.1

7.5mm JHFC Single-sided 600 See Note 2 and Figures 2.1 2.2 - -
planks or 6&7
weatherboards
450 See Note 2 and Figures - - - 2.4
6&7
300 See Note 2 and Figures - - - 3.6
6&7
Double-sided, internal 600 See Note 2 and Figures 6 & 3.9 4.0 - -
lining 6mm JHFC 7. For 6mm JHFC sheets:
sheets (see Note 4), 200/200/200
fixed vertically (joints
not set, see Note 5) 450 See Note 2 and Figures 6 & - - - 6.7
or horizontally (joints 7. For 6mm JHFC sheets:
tape set, see Note 6) 200/200/200

6mm JHFC sheets Single-sided, fixed 600 200/200/200 2.4 2.7 - -

(see Note 4) horizontally, joints
(see Note 7) not set
Single-sided, fixed 600 200/200/200 4.2 4.5 - -
horizontally, joints
tape set (see Note 6)
Double-sided, fixed 600 200/200/200 5.6 5.7 - -
vertically, joints
450 200/200/200 - - 6.0 7.8
(if any) not set
300 200/200/200 - - - 11.0
Double-sided, fixed 600 200/200/200 3.8 4.2 - -
horizontally, joints
not set
Double-sided, fixed 600 200/200/200 5.6 5.6 - -
horizontally, joints
tape set (see Note 6)
16mm ScyonTM Single-sided 600 See Note 2 and Figure 8 3.6 3.6 - -
LineaTM weather-
board
Double-sided, internal 600 See Note 2 and Figure 8. 4.5 4.5 - -
lining 6mm JHFC For 6mm JHFC sheets:
sheets (see Note 4), 200/200/200
fixed vertically (joints
not set, see Note 5)
or horizontally (joints
tape set, see Note 6)

* For 2700mm high frames, this figure is 5.4kN/m

STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE 9

5S
 AFE WORKING
PRACTICES
WARNING - DO NOT BREATHE DUST AND WORKING INSTRUCTIONS
CUT ONLY IN WELL VENTILATED AREA Refer to recommended safe working practices before starting any cutting
James Hardie products contain sand, a source of respirable crystalline or machining of product.
silica which is considered by some international authorities to be a cause
Score and snap
of cancer from some occupational sources. Breathing excessive amounts
Score and snap is a fast and efficient method of cutting James Hardie
of respirable silica dust can also cause a disabling and potentially fatal lung
building products using James Hardie’s Villaboard™ Knife.
disease called silicosis, and has been linked with other diseases. Some
studies suggest smoking may increase these risks. During installation or Preferably score on the face side of the product. Score against a straight
handling: (1) work in outdoor areas with ample ventilation; (2) minimise dust edge and repeat the action to obtain adequate depth for clean break –
when cutting by using either ‘score and snap’ knife, fibre cement shears normally one third of sheet thickness. Snap upwards to achieve break.
or, where not feasible, use a HardieBlade™ Saw Blade and dust-reducing Smooth any rough edges with a rasp.
circular saw attached to a HEPA vacuum; (3) warn others in the immediate
Hand guillotine
area to avoid breathing dust; (4) wear a properly-fitted, approved dust mask
or respirator (e.g. P1 or P2) in accordance with applicable government Scored edge Straight edge
regulations and manufacturer instructions to further limit respirable silica
exposures. During clean-up, use HEPA vacuums or wet cleanup methods -
never dry sweep. For further information, refer to our installation instructions
and Safety Data Sheets available at www.jameshardie.com.au. FAILURE
TO ADHERE TO OUR WARNINGS, SAFETY DATA SHEETS, AND
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS MAY LEAD TO SERIOUS PERSONAL
INJURY OR DEATH.

JAMES HARDIE® RECOMMENDED Make guillotine cut on the off-cut side of line to allow for the thickness of
SAFE WORKING PRACTICES the blade.
CUTTING OUTDOORS Fibreshear
1. P
 osition cutting station so wind will blow dust away from the user or
others in working area.
2. Use a dust reducing circular saw equipped with HardieBlade™ Saw
Blade and HEPA vacuum extraction.
SANDING/DRILLING/OTHER MACHINING
When sanding, drilling or machining you should always wear a P1 or P2 dust
mask and warn others in the immediate area.
IMPORTANT NOTES
1. NEVER use a power saw indoors.
2. N
 EVER use a circular saw blade that does not carry the
HardieBlade™ logo.
3. NEVER dry sweep – Use wet suppression or HEPA vacuum. An electrically powered, fast, clean and effortless way of cutting James
4. NEVER use grinders. Hardie™ building products, especially around curves such as archways.
5. ALWAYS follow tool manufacturer’s safety recommendations. Make fibreshear cut on the ‘off-cut’ side of the line to allow for the
P1 or P2 respirators should be used in conjunction with above cutting thickness of the shear.
practices to further reduce dust exposures. Additional exposure infor-
mation is available at www.jameshardie.com.au to help you determine
the most appropriate cutting method for your job requirements. If
concern still exists about exposure levels or you do not comply with the
above practices, you should always consult a qualified industrial hygien-
ist or contact James Hardie for further information.

10 STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE

HardieBlade™ saw blade STORAGE AND HANDLING
The HardieBlade™ saw blade used with a dust-reducing saw and HEPA To avoid damage, all James Hardie™ building products should be stored
vacuum extraction allows for fast, clean cutting of James Hardie™ with edges and corners of the sheets protected from chipping. James
fibre cement products. A dust-reducing saw uses a dust deflector or a Hardie™ building products must be installed in a dry state and protected
dustcollector which can be connected to a vacuum system. When sawing, from rain during transport and storage. The product must be laid flat under
clamp a straight-edge to the sheet as a guide and run the saw base cover on a smooth level surface clear of the ground to avoid exposure to
platealong the straight edge when making the cut. water, moisture, etc.

QUALITY
James Hardie conducts stringent quality checks to ensure any product
manufactured falls within our quality spectrum. It is the responsibility of
the builder to ensure the product meets aesthetic requirements before
installation. James Hardie will not be responsible for rectifying obvious
aesthetic surface variations following installation.

HOLE-FORMING
For smooth clean cut circular holes:
• Mark the centre of the hole on the sheet.
• Pre-drill a pilot hole.
• Using the pilot hole as a guide, cut the hole to the appropriate
diameter
• with a hole saw fitted to a heavy duty electric drill.
For irregular holes:
• Small rectangular or circular holes can be cut by drilling a series of
small holes around the perimeter of the hole then tapping out the
waste piece from the sheet face.
• Tap carefully to avoid damage to sheets, ensuring the sheet edges
are properly supported.

STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE 11

6 PRODUCT INFORMATION
6.1 GENERAL 6.4 ALPINE REGIONS
James Hardie™ fibre cement is a cellulose fibre reinforced cement In regions subject to freeze/thaw conditions, all James Hardie™ fibre
building product. The basic composition is Portland cement, ground sand, cement external cladding must be installed and painted in the warmer
cellulose fibre and water. months of the year where the temperature does not create freeze and
thaw conditions or paint issues. The cladding must be painted immediately
James Hardie™ fibre cement is manufactured to AS/NZS 2908.2
after installation. In addition, fibre cement cladding must not be in direct
‘Cellulose-Cement Products Part 2: Flat Sheets’ (ISO 8336 ‘Fibre Cement
contact with snow and/or ice build up for extended periods, e.g. external
Flat Sheets’).
walls in alpine regions subject to snow drifts over winter.
James Hardie™ fibre cement is classified Type A, Category 2 in
Furthermore, a reputable paint manufacturer must be consulted in regards
accordance with AS/NZS 2908.2 ‘Cellulose-Cement Products’.
to a suitable product, specifications and warranty. The paint application
For Safety Data Sheets (SDS) visit www.jameshardie.com.au or Ask must not be carried out if the air temperature or the substrate temperature
James Hardie™ on 13 11 03. is outside the paint manufacturer’s recommendation including the
specified drying temperature range
6.2 PRODUCT MASS
Refer to the relevant James Hardie Product Installation Guide. James Hardie™ external cladding products are tested for resistance to
frost in accordance with AS/NZS 2908.2 Clause 8.2.3.
6.3 DURABILITY
6.3.1 Resistance to moisture/rotting
James Hardie™ fibre cement has demonstrated resistance to permanent
moisture induced deterioration (rotting) by passing the following tests in
accordance with AS/NZS2908.2:
• Water permeability (Clause 8.2.2)
• Warm water (Clause 8.2.4)
• Heat rain (Clause 6.5)
• Soak dry (Clause 8.2.5)

6.3.2 Resistance to fire

James Hardie™ fibre cement is suitable where non-combustible materials
are required in accordance with C1.9 of the Building Code of Australia.
James Hardie™ building products have been tested by CSIRO in
accordance with AS/NZS 3837 and are classified as conforming to Group
1 material (highest and best result possible), with an average specific
extinction area far lower than the permissible 250m2/kg, as referenced in
Specification C1.10a of the BCA.
6.3.3 Resistance to termite attack
Based on testing completed by CSIRO Division of Forest Products and
Ensis Australia James Hardie™ building products have demonstrated
resistance to termite attack.

12 STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE

7 COMPONENTS
The following checklist describes the components required to install
James Hardie™ fibre cement sheet bracing.
Timber or steel framing may be used, but must comply with relevant
building regulations and standards and the requirements of this guide.

JAMES HARDIE™ SHEET BRACING COMPONENTS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Bracing material Refer to the relevant Product Installation Guide for

JHFC sheets, planks, weatherboards to be used for bracing. available lengths, widths and thickness.

HardieDriveTM screw. 185mm diameter

For light gauge steel frames 0.55mm to 1.6mm thick 8g x 32mm
NOTE: Contact your fastener manufacturer for fasteners with suitable corrosion 8g x 40mm
resistance.

HardieBladeTM Saw Blade

HardieBladeTM Saw Blade
185mm poly diamond blade, for fast, clean cutting of James Hardie™ fibre
Selling unit: each
cement.

Villaboard™ knife
A score and snap knife designed to efficiently cut through fibre cement sheets
≤9mm thick. 12 per box. 305915.

Villaboard Knife

Fibreshear
Electric cutting tool.

COMPONENTS NOT SUPPLIED BY JAMES HARDIE®

Fibre cement nail 2.8mm x 30mm, 2.8mm x 40mm and
Galvanised nails for timber 2.8mm x 50mm

Buildex FibreTEKS® Nº 8 x 25mm

For light gauge steel frames 0.55 to 0.75mm thick

STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE 13

8F
 RAMING, FIXING AND INSTALLATION
DETAILS FOR JHFC SHEET BRACING
8.1 GENERAL Nail gun manufacturers have supplied the information contained in this
This section sets out the framing, fixing and installation recommendations table. Should a nail gun model or nail shown in the table not be available,
for JHFC sheet bracing. please contact the relevant nail gun manufacturer for advice.
For additional framing, fixing and installation recommendations for James If the nail gun overdrives sheets, contact nail gun manufacturer for advice.
HardieTM cladding products mentioned in this guide, refer to the following
guide: 8.2 FRAMING
8.2.1 General
PRODUCT RELEVANT GUIDE JHFC sheet bracing can be fixed to either timber or domestic steel
framing. The framing used must comply with the relevant building
Villaboard™ Lining Villaboard™ Lining Installation Guide
regulations and standards and the requirements of this guide.
Versilux Lining
™
Versilux™ Lining Installation Guide
Frames must be straight and true to provide a flush face to receive
James Hardie™ External Cladding the sheeting.
HardieFlex™ Sheet
Installation Guide
8.2.2 Timber
James Hardie™ External Cladding
HardiePlank™ Weatherboard Use only seasoned timber. Unseasoned timber must not be used as it is
Installation Guide
prone to shrinkage and can cause sheets to move.
HardieTex™ System HardieTex™ System Installation Guide
‘Timber used for house construction must have the level of durability
James Hardie™ External Cladding appropriate for the relevant climate and expected service life and
PanelClad™ Sheet
Installation Guide
conditions; that is exposure to insect attack or to moisture, which
PineRidge™ Lining PineRidge™ Lining Installation Guide could cause decay’.
Scyon™ Linea™ Weatherboard Reference AS1684.2 ‘Residential Timber Framed Construction’.
Scyon™ Linea™ Weatherboard
Installation Guide
8.2.3 Steel
EasyLap™ Panel EasyLap™ Panel Installation Guide
The base metal thickness (BMT) of a steel frame must be between
0.55mm and 1.6mm.
Note
To achieve structural bracing using these products, you must use
the fastener spacing and hold-down recommendations of this
guide instead of those set out in the individual James Hardie™
Installation Guides

TABLE 6 GUN NAILING NOTES

COIL NAILER NAILS

Manufacturer Name Manufacturer Name Size

38mm x 2.5mm dia.

Hitachi VH650 coil nailer Other Galv. coil nail 45mm x 2.2mm dia.
50mm x 2.2mm dia.
Impulse DekFast® 50mm
50mm x 2.87mm dia.
Impulse compact nailer Value Pack (B20561V)
Paslode Paslode
(B20544) Impulse DekFast® 50mm
50mm x 2.87mm dia.
Value Pack (B20557)

KD665A coil nailer

Duo-Fast Duo-Fast C27/32 GD coil nail (D41800) 32mm x 2.7mm dia.
(Part No. D40040)

45mm x 2.5mm dia.

Stanley-Bostitch N80C coil nailer Stanley-Bostitch AC45P250 gal coil nail

SCN-60 coil nailer (fitted with 45mm x 2.5mm dia.

Senco Senco BTN 45 ADB Weatherex Gal and Sencoted
adjustable depth of drive)

Notes
1. Fasteners with equivalent dimensions, (ie head size and shape,
shank diameter and length to those above) are acceptable for use.
2. All fasteners are to be galvanised or suitably coated for intended
external application.
3. Nailing guns must be fitted with flush drive attachments.
4. Some nailing guns incorporate an adjustable head set to control
nail depth (eg Duo-Fast coil nailer and Senco coil nailer.)
5. When gun nailing, apply pressure to the face of the cladding by
holding the cladding against the stud to reduce blow out at back of
the sheet.

14 STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE

8.3 FIXING 8.4 INSTALLATION DETAILS
8.3.1 General
8.4.1 General
You must select a fastener that is suitable for the type of frame you
JHFC bracing can be used for cavity bracing in brick veneer construction
are using.
or internally in locations such as behind built-in full-height cupboards or
8.3.2 Fastener corrosion protection robes.
Fasteners must have the appropriate level of durability required for the
For fastener spacings and hold-down recommendations, refer in this
intended project. This is of particular importance in coastal areas, areas
guide to:
subject to salt spray and other corrosive environments.
• C lause 2.2 for the simplified design method or Clause 2.3 for the
Fasteners must be fully compatible with all other material that they are in
conventional Limit State design method for timber framing;
contact with to ensure the durability and integrity of the assembly.
• Clauses 3.2 and 3.3 for timber framing with cyclone rods;
Contact fastener manufacturers for more information. • Figure 10 and Clause 4.4 for steel framing.
Note 8.4.2 Brick ties
Fasteners must be at least Class 3 external grade finish. Brick ties can be installed through JHFC bracing. Simply refer to the hole
forming recommendations in Section 5. Ensure the hole is not greater
8.3.3 Fixing depth than 50mm diameter through the sheet to allow insertion of brick ties. See
Nail sheets and boards in accordance with the nailing details shown in this Figure 13.
guide. Do not overdrive the nails. Proud nailing is desirable, but flush head
nailing is acceptable. See Figure 11.

8.3.4 Fastening to timber

Use 2.8 x 30mm hot-dipped galvanised fibre cement nails when hand
nailing.
JHFC bracing can be gun-nailed onto timber frames using flat head nails.
Suitable combinations are shown in Table 6.

8.3.5 Fastening to steel

For steel framing of thickness 0.55mm to 0.75mm BMT, 25mm Buildex
FibreTEKS® self drilling screws.
For steel framing of thickness 0.75mm to 1.6mm. Use 8g - 22mm or
8g - 32mm HardieDrive™ external grade screws.
Fasteners should be screwed as close as possible to the stud corners to
avoid deflection of the stud flange. See Figure 12.

8.3.6 Screw gun specification

Use variable speed screw guns with high torque, a maximum speed of
2500rpm, fitted with a depth control attachment.
Set the depth control attachment to avoid overdriving. As the screw thread
begins to pull into the steel frame, drop the revs back to bed the head
flush with the surface of the sheet.

STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE 15

9 DETAILS

6mm JHFC

200 max.
150
max.

12
min.

50
min.
12 min. 150 max.
top and bottom top and bottom

FIGURE 1 TYPE A BRACING NAILING DETAIL FIGURE 3 NAILING DETAIL FOR HARDIEFLEX™ SHEET,
PINERIDGE™ LINING OR PANELCLAD™ SHEET
Note
Nails along the top and bottom plates should be 25mm from the edge of
the sheet for 50mm thick plates. When 38mm nominal thick plates are
used, reduce edge distance to 20mm.

6mm JHFC

150 max.
150
max.

12
min.

50
min.
12 min. 150 max.
top and bottom top and bottom

FIGURE 4 NAILING DETAIL FOR HARDIETEX™ SYSTEM

FIGURE 2 TYPE B BRACING NAILING DETAIL

16 STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE

 150 max. top and bottom

15 min.
Flush
set joint
nogging

150 max.
behind
150
max.
30 min. lap

12
min.

15 min.
50 50 min. at corners
min.
12 min. 150 max.
(a) Horizontal top and bottom top and bottom
FIGURE 7 NAILING SPACING DETAIL FOR JHFC PLANKS OR
WEATHERBOARDS
200 max.

150
max.

12
min.

50
min.
12 min. 150 max.
(b) Vertical top and bottom top and bottom

FIGURE 5 NAILING DETAIL FOR VILLABOARD™ SHEETS OR

VERSILUX™ LINING
Note
For details of tiling over these Villaboard linings, refer to the James Hardie
Villaboard lining Installation Guide.

FIGURE 8 NAILING DETAIL FOR LINEA™ WEATHERBOARDS

FIGURE 6 NAILING DETAIL FOR HARDIEPLANK™

STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE 17

 M12 Anchor rod

FIGURE 11 NAIL FASTENER DEPTH

Note
JHFC sheet bracing will not straighten excessively warped or distorted
frames and any warping may be visible after the internal lining is applied.

100 max.

FIGURE 9 ANCHOR ROD DETAIL

(a) Not recommended (b) Recommended

FIGURE 12 SCREW FASTENING TO STEEL FRAME

C B

12 min.

50 min.
at corners
12 min. A
top and bottom

FIGURE 10 SCREW SPACING DETAIL

FIGURE 13 BRICK TIES

18 STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE

STRUCTURAL BRACING DESIGN GUIDE 19
For information and advice
call 13 11 03 | jameshardie.com.au
Australia October 2018
© 2018 James Hardie Australia Pty Ltd ABN 12 084 635 558
FibreTEKS is a registered mark of Illinois Tool Works Inc. Unless otherwise stated,
™ and ® denote a trademark or registered mark owned by James Hardie Technology Limited.