Vol.

1 16--00--1
LANDING GEAR
Table of Contents REV 56, Jan 31/03

CHAPTER 16 --- LANDING GEAR

Page

TABLE OF CONTENTS 16--00

Table of Contents 16--00--1

INTRODUCTION 16--10
Introduction 16--10--1

NOSE AND MAIN LANDING GEAR 16--20

Nose and Main Landing Gear 16--20--1
Landing Configuration Warning 16--20--11
Alternate Landing Gear Extension 16--20--11
Wheels and Tires 16--20--11

PROXIMITY SENSING SYSTEM 16--30

Proximity Sensing System 16--30--1
System Circuit Breakers 16--30--4

BRAKE SYSTEM 16--40

Brake System 16--40--1
Parking Brake 16--40--8
Brake Temperature Monitoring System 16--40--8
Anti-Skid System 16--40--8
System Circuit Breakers 16--40--11

NOSE WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM 16--50

Nose Wheel Steering System 16--50--1
System Circuit Breakers 16--50--4

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

INTRODUCTION
Figure 16--10--1 Landing Gear and Landing Gear Doors 16--10--2

NOSE AND MAIN LANDING GEAR

Figure 16--20--1 Main Landing Gear 16--20--2
Figure 16--20--2 Nose Landing Gear 16--20--3
Figure 16--20--3 Nose Landing Gear Doors -- Ground Operation 16--20--4
Figure 16--20--4 Landing Gear Controls 16--20--6
Figure 16--20--5 Landing Gear Manual Release 16--20--7
Figure 16--20--6 Landing Gear Retraction and Extension -- Schematic 16--20--8
Figure 16--20--7 Landing Gear EICAS Messages 16--20--9

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Table of Contents

Figure 16--20--8 Landing Gear -- Primary Page Gear Indications 16--20--10

PROXIMITY SENSING SYSTEM

Figure 16--30--1 Landing Gear Functional Schematic 16--30--2
Figure 16--30--2 PSEU -- EICAS Messages 16--30--3

BRAKE SYSTEM
Figure 16--40--1 Brake System -- Schematic 16--40--2
Figure 16--40--2 Brake Wear Indication 16--40--3
Figure 16--40--3 Brake System -- EICAS Messages and
Synoptic Page Indications 16--40--4
Figure 16--40--4 Parking Brake System 16--40--5
Figure 16--40--5 Parking Brake -- EICAS Messages 16--40--6
Figure 16--40--6 Brake Temperature Monitoring System 16--40--7
Figure 16--40--7 Anti Skid System 16--40--10

NOSE WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM

Figure 16--50--1 Nose Wheel Steering System Schematic 16--50--2
Figure 16--50--2 Nose Wheel Steering System 16--50--3

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--10--1
LANDING GEAR
Introduction REV 56, Jan 31/03

1. INTRODUCTION

The landing gear is a retractable tricycle type consisting of two, wing root mounted, main
landing gear assemblies and a forward, fuselage mounted, steerable, nose landing gear
assembly. The main landing gear assemblies retract inboard and the nose landing gear
assembly retracts forward. Each landing gear has a nitrogen filled shock strut to absorb and
dissipate the shock loads encountered when the aircraft lands.

The landing gear subsystems are as follows:

S Landing gear extension and retraction

S Landing gear doors

S Alternate landing gear extension

S Landing gear overheat detection

S Brake system

S Brake temperature monitoring system (BTMS)

S Antiskid

S Nose wheel steering

S Proximity sensing electronic unit (PSEU).

Landing gear extension and retraction is electrically activated by the landing gear selector
lever and controlled by the proximity sensing electronic unit (PSEU). Sensors for the PSEU
are mounted on the landing gear and landing gear doors. The PSEU also provides landing
gear position indication for display on the EICAS. In normal operation, the landing gear is
hydraulically actuated by number 3 hydraulic system. An alternate independent means of
extending the landing gear is available should the normal extension system fail.

Each gear assembly has two wheels and each of the four main wheels is fitted with a,
hydraulically operated, steel multi-disc brake assembly.

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--10--2
LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Introduction

NOSE
LANDING
GEAR NOSE LANDING
GEAR AFT DOOR LEFT MAIN LANDING
GEAR DOOR
NOSE LANDING
GEAR FORWARD
DOORS RIGHT MAIN LEFT MAIN
MAIN LANDING
LANDING GEAR LANDING GEAR
GEAR BAYS

Landing Gear and Landing Gear Doors

Figure 16---10---1

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--20--1
LANDING GEAR
Nose and Main Landing Gear REV 56, Jan 31/03

1. NOSE AND MAIN LANDING GEAR

Normal extension or retraction of the landing gear is initiated by landing gear control lever
selection. The retraction or extension signal is sent to the proximity sensing electronic unit
(PSEU) which monitors various landing gear proximity sensing inputs and weight-on-wheels
inputs. If the correct parameters are met, the PSEU energizes a selector valve to retract or
extend the landing gear using No. 3 hydraulic system.

The landing gear control lever is equipped with a solenoid lock which prevents an up
selection of the landing gear control lever with the aircraft on the ground. In the event of a
solenoid lock malfunction, a downlock release (DN LCK REL) on the landing gear control
panel, permits up selection of the landing gear control lever by overriding the solenoid lock.

Retraction and extension of each landing gear is driven by a retract/extend actuator.

Tension springs assisted by a downlock actuator ensure that the main gear locks in the
down position. The lock is released at the start of the retraction cycle. An uplock assembly
locks the main gear in the retracted position. An uplock release actuator releases the uplock
assembly at the start of the extension cycle.

The nose landing gear (NLG) is hydraulically extended in the aft direction and mechanically
locked in the down position. The NLG is hydraulically retracted in the forward direction and
mechanically locked in the up position.

The main landing gear doors and the nose landing gear aft door are mechanically linked to
the respective landing gears, and therefore, retract and extend with the landing gears. The
nose landing gear forward doors are actuated hydraulically from No. 3 hydraulic system.
The nose landing gear forward doors open before extension and retraction and then close
after extension and retraction.

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--20--2
LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Nose and Main Landing Gear

DOWNLOCK
ACTUATOR
MLG
SHOCK STRUT

MLG
RETRACTION
ACTUATOR

MLG
MAIN BEAM

<0044>
MLG DOOR
ASSEMBLY

DOOR
BRUSH

Main Landing Gear <MST>

Figure 16---20---1

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--20--3
LANDING GEAR
Nose and Main Landing Gear REV 56, Jan 31/03

DOOR DOOR
MECHANISM SELECTOR
VALVE
DRAG DOOR
DOOR BRACE MECHANISM
ACTUATOR

ACTUATOR

DOWNLOCK
ASSIST SPRINGS

AFT
DOOR

MANUAL
DISCONNECT
DOOR
SPRING
TORQUE
LINK
FORWARD
DOORS
STEERING
ACTUATORS SHOCK UPLOCK
STRUT
PIN

NOSE GEAR
LOCKING PIN

Nose Landing Gear

Figure 16---20---2

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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 Vol. 1 16--20--4
LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Nose and Main Landing Gear

NOSE DOOR toggle

switch
OPEN -- opens nose landing
EXT AC CKPT CALL
gear doors and disables the PUSH PUSH
nose landing gear door selector NOSE
HDPH

valve. The nose landing gear DOOR AVAIL

OPEN CALL
doors will remain open with or IN USE
without hydraulic power, as FLT/
NORM
long as the switch is in
this position. APU BATT PKG BRK LAMP MIC
FLT/NORM -- closes nose SHUT--OFF ON ON TEST
landing gear doors and
enables the nose landing
gear door selector valve,
provided there is hydraulic
power.

External Service Panel

CAUTION

Ensure that the nose landing gear bay area is clear

before selecting the nose door switch to FLT/NORM.

Nose Landing Gear Doors --- Ground Operation

Figure 16---20---3

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--20--5
LANDING GEAR
Nose and Main Landing Gear REV 56, Jan 31/03

For landing gear retraction,

Once the aircraft is airborne, with no weight-on-wheels signal, the PSEU commands and
monitors the following events:

S The landing gear control lever solenoid downlock is released to permit UP selection of the
landing gear control lever

S The nose landing gear doors selector valve is energized, to open the forward nose
landing gear doors

S The nose landing gear and main landing gear selector valves are energized to release
the downlocks and the main and nose landing gears retract. Hydraulic pressure from the
nose landing gear up-line is routed to activate the brake control valves to stop main wheel
rotation

S Uplocks of the nose landing gear and main landing gear are engaged to secure the
landing gears in the retracted position

S The nose landing gear doors selector valve is energized, to close the forward nose
landing gear doors.

NOTE

The nose landing gear wheel well area can be

inspected by opening the forward nose landing gear
doors, through selection of the NOSE DOOR switch
on the External Service Panel.

For landing gear extension,

The PSEU commands and monitors the following events:

S The landing gear control lever is manually selected to the DN position

S The nose landing gear doors selector valve is energized, to open the forward nose
landing gear doors

S The nose landing gear and main landing gear selector valves are energized to release
the downlocks and extend main and nose landing gears

S Downlocks of the nose landing gear and main landing gear are engaged to secure the
landing gears in the extended position

S The nose landing gear doors selector valve is energized, to close the forward nose
landing gear doors.

Ground lock pins are inserted by ground crew to prevent inadvertent retraction of the landing
gear when the aircraft is on the ground.

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--20--6
LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Nose and Main Landing Gear

Landing Gear Mute Horn

Control Lever Switch/Light
Down Lock Mutes landing gear
(lever solenoid) warning horn. White
Used to prevent light will come on to
inadvertent landing indicate that landing
gear up selection gear warning horn
when on ground. has been mute.
When airborne, a
WOW signal
completes a circuit
which disengages
the lock and permits
gear up selection.
BTMS OVHT HORN
WARN RESET

MUTED
LDG GEAR

UP
ANTI SKID
ARMED TEST
DN

OFF DN LCK
REL
MLG BAY OVHT TEST
OVHT WARN FAIL

Landing Gear Control Panel

Centre Instrument Panel

Landing Gear
Control Lever Down Landing Gear Lever
Lock Release Lever Controls retraction and
Used if there is a extension of the landing
fault in the solenoid gear. Lever must be
release circuit. pulled out to be moved
Move switch down to alternate position.
and hold down to UP -- Retracts landing gear.
manually override the DN -- Extends landing gear.
LDG GEAR control
lever solenoid lock.

Landing Gear Controls

Figure 16---20---4

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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LANDING GEAR
Nose and Main Landing Gear REV 56, Jan 31/03

LANDING GEAR MANUAL RELEASE

handle (red)
Used to manually lower the landing gear:
Pull handle and hold handle in the fully
extended position until EICAS indicates the
MANUAL nose and main landing gear are in the
LANDING down and locked position.
RELEASE GEAR
NOTE
Considerable force is required to
N
operate the landing gear manual release
system.

Landing Gear Manual Release Handle

Center Pedestal

PUSH FULLY TO STOW button (red)

Used to reset the manual release system
(stow the LG PULL handle):
Hold handle, press button and then slowly
return handle to the stowed position.

Landing Gear Manual Release

Figure 16---20---5

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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 Vol. 1 16--20--8
LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Nose and Main Landing Gear

EXT AC CKPT CALL

PUSH PUSH
NOSE HDPH NO.3 HYDRAULIC NO.2 HYDRAULIC
DOOR AVAIL
OPEN
IN USE
CALL
SYSTEM SYSTEM
FLT/
NORM

APU BATT PKG BRK LAMP MIC

SHUT-- OFF ON ON TEST

ACCUMULATOR ACCUMULATOR

TE LDG GEAR
RN

UP
DN

NLG DOORS NOSE LANDING BRAKE CONTROL

DN LCK
SELECTOR GEAR SELECTOR VALVES REL

VALVE VALVE

NOSE LANDING
NLG DOORS NOSE WHEEL
GEAR DUMP
DUMP VALVE
VALVE STEERING LANDING
GEAR
CONTROL
NLG DOORS
CENTRE
CAM LOCK
INSTRUMENT
PANEL

NLG NOSE LANDING NLG

UPLOCK GEAR ACTUATOR DOWNLOCK

MAIN GEAR
SELECTOR PSEU
VALVE

MAIN GEAR
#3 HYDRAULIC DUMP VALVE
#2 HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM
SYSTEM

RH MAIN GEAR MAIN GEAR

LH MAIN GEAR
ACTUATOR DOWNLOCK
ACTUATOR
ASSIST
RH MAIN GEAR SELECTOR
LH MAIN GEAR
UPLOCK VALVE
UPLOCK

LANDING GEAR
LH MAIN GEAR RH MAIN GEAR MANUAL
DOWNLOCK DOWNLOCK RELEASE
ASSIST ASSIST LG PULL HANDLE
ACTUATOR ACTUATOR CENTRE
PEDESTAL

Landing Gear Retraction and Extension --- Schematic

Figure 16---20---6

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--20--9
LANDING GEAR
Nose and Main Landing Gear REV 56, Jan 31/03

NOSE DOOR OPEN Warning (red)

Indicates that nose landing gear bay doors are
open for more than 10 seconds after gear has
locked or with airspeed greater than 250 kt.
NOSE DOOR OPEN
<0039> GEAR DISAGREE
NOSE DOOR

GEAR DISAGREE Warning (red)

Indicates that landing gear position does not
agree with landing gear selector lever position.

<0006> GEAR DISAGREE

Primary Page

HORN MUTED

<0039>

HORN MUTED
Status (white) <0039>
Indicates that landing
gear warning horn
has been manually
muted.

Status Page
Landing Gear EICAS Messages <MST>
Figure 16---20---7

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--20--10
LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Nose and Main Landing Gear

”Landing Gear Warning Horn”

Comes on to warn that the landing gear
are unsafe if:
Airplane is below 1,000 AGL, and
Rate of descent is 400 fpm, and
Landing gear are not down and locked.

NOTE <0039>
The gear symbols and flap position indicators
come on whenever the landing gear warning
horn is active.

TOO LOW GEAR (Aural warning)

Is heard if any landing gear is not down
and locked with the radio altitude less
then 500 ft AGL and the indicated
airspeed is less than 190 knots.
Landing Gear Position Indicator
UP (white) -- Indicates that respective
landing gear is in the up and locked position.
DN (green) -- Indicates that respective landing
gear is in the down and locked position.
(amber) -- Indicates that respective
landing gear is in transition.
(red) -- Indicates that respective
landing gear is not safe.
(amber dashes) -- Indicates that
respective landing gear is in
<0039> unknown position.

NOTE <0039>
The amber gear symbols will flash if the
landing gear warning horn is on for more
than 10 seconds.

<0006>

Primary Page

Landing Gear --- Primary Page Gear Indications <MST>

Figure 16---20---8

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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 Vol. 1 16--20--11
LANDING GEAR
Nose and Main Landing Gear REV 56, Jan 31/03

The PSEU monitors the position of the landing gears, nose landing gear doors and the
uplocks and downlocks. Landing gear position is displayed on the EICAS primary page.
The gear position information is removed from the primary page 30 seconds after the gear is
up and locked.

A. Landing Configuration Warning

The landing gear warning horn will sound if:

S 2 minutes after ground to air transition, any landing gear is not down and locked,
and

S The indicated airspeed is less than 163 knots with one or both thrust levers selected
to IDLE, or

S The indicated airspeed is less than 185 knots with the flaps at less than 5_ and one
or both thrust levers selected to IDLE.

NOTE
1. The landing gear warning horn may be muted with one thrust
lever at IDLE and the landing gear not in the down and locked
position.
2. The landing gear warning horn cannot be muted when the flaps
are selected to greater than 30_, or both thrust levers are set
to IDLE.
3. The landing gear warning horn is inhibited during take--off
windshear conditions.
4. The landing gear warning horn will not sound during a radio
altimeter test in flight and the horn is inhibited during take--off
windshear conditions. <0039>
B. Alternate Landing Gear Extension

Should a failure occur in the landing gear control system or in hydraulic system 3,
landing gear extension is still possible by pulling the landing gear manual release
handle.

When the handle is pulled, the nose landing gear forward door camlock and the three
landing gear uplocks are released by mechanical means. At the same time the
associated dump valves are opened to route No.3 hydraulic system pressure to return
which permits the landing gear to extend under its own weight.

The main landing gear is assisted to the down-and-locked position by the main gear
down lock assist actuators which are powered by No.2 hydraulic system. The nose
landing gear is assisted to the down-and-locked position by two tension springs and by
airflow.

C. Wheels and Tires

Each wheel has a pressure relief plug (overpressure valve) and an inflation valve.
Refer to the Aircraft Maintenance Manual for tire pressure adjustment.

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Nose and Main Landing Gear

Four heat sensitive fusible plugs are installed in each main wheel to release excessive
air pressure caused by heat build--up. The fusible plugs protect the main wheel tires
from bursting, that could occur under heavy braking activity.

Wheel mounted tire pressure gauges, installed on all six wheels, directly measure the
pressure of the tire. <0044>

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--30--1
LANDING GEAR
Proximity Sensing System REV 56, Jan 31/03

1. PROXIMITY SENSING SYSTEM

The proximity sensor system (PSS) includes the proximity sensor electronics unit (PSEU)
and associated proximity sensors, proximity switches and microswitches installed throughout
the aircraft. The PSS provides five basic functions:

S Normal landing gear positioning control,

The PSS provides the signals that command the landing gear to extend and retract and
the nose gear doors to open and close.

S Landing gear position indication,

The PSS monitors landing gear position and provides indication and position status to the
EICAS.

S Weight-on-wheels indication,
The PSS monitors landing gear strut compression and provides indication of air or ground
status to the aircraft systems that require the information.

S Fuselage door indication,

The PSS monitors the fuselage door positions and provides inputs to the EICAS for
indication on the primary page, status page and door synoptic page. (refer to Chapter 6).

S Thrust reverser indication,

The PSS monitors and reports to EICAS the (stowed/unstowed) status of the left and
right thrust reversers (refer to Chapter 20).

The PSEU, after processing sensor inputs, generates outputs that are used to control the
landing gear position. The PSEU also reports system status and provides control data to
other aircraft systems.

Continuous and periodic tests are performed by the PSEU to monitor specific aircraft
systems health and status. Landing gear position and status are displayed on the engine
indication and crew alerting system (EICAS) primary page. The landing gear position
indication is removed 30 seconds after the landing gear is in the up and locked position with
the flaps at 0 degrees.

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--30--2
LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Proximity Sensing System

STALL WARNING
SYS/AOA

PROXIMITY DATA HORIZ STAB TRIM

SENSORS CONTROL UNIT 1,2
FLAPS >0,
>30 NOSE WHEEL
INBD GROUND FLAP ELECTRONIC STEERING:
SPOILER STOWED CONTROL UNIT 1,2
. DOWN LOCK
CABIN PRESSURE
. WOW 1,2
>10,000 P HYDRAULIC MOTOR
OUTBD GROUND PUMP 1,2
SPOILER STOWED
R
CABIN PRESSURE
PARK BRAKE O CONTROLLER
ANTI SKID
SOV ON X INBD/OUTBD
PARK BRAKE
SOV CLOSED I AVIONICS
THRUST LEVERS M STALL PROTECTION COOLING SYS

MAIN LANDING
4 DEGREES I SYSTEM
GEAR: T AIR DATA SYS--
CLOCK
. WOW 1,2 COMMANDS: Y PROBE HEATERS
. DOWNLOCK 1,2 EXTEND GEAR HANDLE
. UPLOCK RETRACT S FUEL SYSTEM DOWNLINK
E COMPUTER UNIT
NOSE GEAR: NOSE GEAR N SIGNS:
AUXILIARY POWER
. WOW 1,2 DOOR OPENED S UNIT (ECU, FIRE)
. NO SMOKING
. DOWLOCK 1,2 O . FASTEN
SEAT BELT
. UPLOCK HORN MUTE R THRUST REVERSER
. OLEO EXTEND ON 1,2
E NOSE GEAR
NOSE DOOR: L AIR DRIVEN SOLENOIDS:
GENERATOR . EXTEND
. L/R CLOSED E AUTO DEPLOY . RETRACT
. UPLOCK C
T UTILITY BUS
MAIN LANDING
PAX DOOR: R SHED
GEAR
PIN 1,2 LOCKED O SOLENOIDS:
CAM 1,2 LOCKED N IRS SYS . EXTEND
<0025>
I . RETRACT
HANDLE LOCKED:
DOOR CLOSED: C ATTITUDE HEADING
. COCKPIT EMERG . PAX DOOR
INNER/OUTER
S REFERENCE SYS
DOOR SELECT
HATCH
. SERVICE/EMERG VALVE:
. AFT EQPT U AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL . OPEN
BAY DOOR INNER/OUTER
N TRANSPONDERS 1,2 . CLOSED
. OVERWING . BAGGAGE
COMPARTMENT
I
DOORS LH/RH
. AVIONICS BAY . AVIONICS BAY T TRAFFIC ALERT COMMUNICATIONS:
COLLISION
. SERVICE/EMERG AVOIDANCE SYS COCKPIT
. BAGGAGE VOICE
COMPARTMENT GROUND PROXIMITY RECORDER
WARNING SYSTEM
INTERCOM
<0039> <0006>
FLIGHT DATA
RECORDER
DC BAT
WOW1
DC BUS 1
DATA
DC BAT CONCENTRATOR
WOW2 UNITS
DC BUS 2

DC BAT SPOILER ELECTRONIC

LGC/
DC BUS 1 CONTROL UNITS
DOOR
(1A--1C, 2A--2C)
DC BAT
LGC/
DC ESS BUS DOOR
Messages:
NOSE DOOR OPEN
GEAR DISAGREE
AURAL/VISUAL WARNING MESSAGES PARKING BRAKE
PARK BRAKE SOV
HORN MUTED
PROX SYS FAULT
Primary Page
Landing Gear Functional Schematic <MST>
Figure 16---30---1

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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LANDING GEAR
Proximity Sensing System REV 56, Jan 31/03

WOW OUTPUT <0039> WOW INPUT Caution

Caution (amber) (amber)
Comes on to indicate Comes on to indicate
that WOW outputs, that a WOW sensing
channel 1 and circuit has failed or is
channel 2 do not in disagreement with
agree. WOW INPUT the other sensing
WOW OUTPUT circuits.
NOTE PROX SYS CHAN
NOTE
The WOW OUTPUT
One or more of the
caution message may
WOW sensors
be accompanied by
disagree with each
the following:
other which may affect
PFD, speed trend air and ground modes
vector inoperative, of operation.
PFD low speed cue Expect that inadvertent
comes on, operations of WOW
PFD displays TA only, dependant systems
RTU indicates TCAS may occur.
STANDBY and
ATC 1(2) STANDBY, PROX SYS CHAN <0039>
Inadverent takeoff Caution (amber)
configuration warnings, Comes on to indicate
Fuel quantity fluctuates that the normal landing
during pitch and bank gear extension/retraction
maneuvers. system is inoperative.
<0006>
Primary Page
NOTE
If landing gear extension/
retraction is abnormal,
GEAR DISAGREE warning
WOW OUTPUT FAIL message will not come on.
Status (white)
Comes on to indicate WOW OUTPUT FAIL
that a WOW output PROX SYS FAULT
fault is detected in a
non--critical system. <0039>

PROX SYS FAULT

Status (white)
Comes on to indicate <0039>
a failure in the PSEU
system.

PROX SYS FAULT <0039>

Status (white)
Comes on to indicate
that the PSEU has
detected:
a sensor/internal
failure, or
a loss of redundency
Status Page
PSEU --- EICAS Messages <MST>
Figure 16---30---2

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Proximity Sensing System

A. System Circuit Breakers

SYSTEM SUB--SYSTEM CB NAME BUS BAR CB CB NOTES

PANEL LOCATION
PROX SENS
DC ESS 4 B13
LGC /D2
PROX SENS
LGC /D2 WOW P3
1&2 DC BAT 2
PROX SENS
Proximity Landing Gear P2
LGC /D1
Sensing Control
PROX SENS
F6
LGC /D1
DC BUS 1 1
PROX SENS
F7
WOW 1
PROX SENS
DC BUS 2 2 F9
WOW 2

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--40--1
LANDING GEAR
Brake System REV 56, Jan 31/03

1. BRAKE SYSTEM

Each wheel of the main landing gear is equipped with self-adjusting multi-disc brakes. The
brakes of the inboard wheels are powered by No. 3 hydraulic system and the brakes of the
outboard wheels are powered by No. 2 hydraulic system.

Brake application is initiated by pressing the rudder pedals which are mechanically linked to
the associated brake control valves. The brake control valves meter hydraulic pressure,
proportional to the pedal pressure, to the four main wheel brake units, through four
independent anti-skid control valves and four hydraulic fuses.

If a leak occurs in a brake line, the associated hydraulic fuse will close off the hydraulic line,
preventing loss of the entire system fluid.

With the loss of one hydraulic system, the aircraft has 50% symmetric braking capability with
full anti-skid control to the working brakes. In the event of a failure of both No. 2 and No. 3
hydraulic systems, accumulators in each hydraulic system will provide reserve pressure for
six braking applications (providing the anti--skid is selected OFF).

Available inboard and outboard brake pressure is continuously monitored and displayed on
EICAS on the hydraulic synoptic page, and any abnormal brake pressure detected is
displayed on the EICAS in the form of a visual and/or aural message.

NOTE

A brake overheat condition may trigger a MLG BAY

OVHT warning message (refer to chapter 10,
section 40).

During landing gear retraction, hydraulic pressure is applied to the main wheel brake control
valves to stop main wheel spin.

Two brake wear indicator pins, installed on each brake assembly, provide a visual indication
of brake wear. If the indicator pin is flush with the top of the indicator housing, maintenance
should be informed.

NOTE

The brake wear indicator pins must be checked with

the brakes applied and No. 2 and No. 3 hydraulic
systems on.

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013
 Vol. 1 16--40--2
LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Brake System

PARKING
BRAKE
HANDLE
PARKING BRAKE

PILOT’S CO--PILOT’S
BRAKE PEDALS BRAKE PEDALS

L R L R

NO.2 FROM NOSE NO.3

HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATOR LANDING ACCUMULATOR HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM GEAR UPLINE SYSTEM

LEFT RIGHT LEFT RIGHT

INBOARD INBOARD INBOARD INBOARD
BRAKE BRAKE BRAKE BRAKE
CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL
VALVE VALVE VALVE VALVE

ANTI--SKID
CONTROL
UNIT

LEFT RIGHT LEFT RIGHT

INBOARD INBOARD INBOARD INBOARD PARKING
BRAKE BRAKE ANTI--SKID ANTI--SKID BRAKE
CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL SOV
VALVE VALVE VALVE VALVE

LEFT LEFT RIGHT RIGHT

INBOARD OUTBOARD INBOARD OUTBOARD
BRAKE BRAKE BRAKE BRAKE

NO. 2 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

NO. 3 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

RETURN

Brake System --- Schematic

Figure 16---40---1

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LANDING GEAR
Brake System REV 56, Jan 31/03

BRAKE WEAR
INDICATOR
(2 PER BRAKE
ASSEMBLY)

BRAKE ASSEMBLY (4)

Brake Wear Indication

Figure 16---40---2

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REV 56, Jan 31/03
Brake System

IB, OB BRAKE PRESS

Caution (amber)
IB BRAKE PRESS Indicates that brake
OB BRAKE PRESS
<0039> pressure of the
BRAKE OVHT
respective system is
less than1030 psi.

BRAKE OVHT
Warning (red)
Indicates an overheat
<0006> condition (temperature
greater than 360 C)
exists in any one
of the brakes.

”BRAKES”

Primary Page

INBOARD, OUTBOARD
BRAKE PRESSURE
Readout
Indicates brake pressure of the
respective system.
GREEN -- Brake pressure is 1000 psi
to 3200 psi.
WHITE -- Brake pressure is greater than
to 3200 psi.
AMBER -- Breke pressure is less than
1000 psi.

EICAS Secondary Display -- Hydraulic Page

Center Instrument Panel
Brake System --- EICAS Messages and Synoptic Page Indications <MST>
Figure 16---40---3

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LANDING GEAR
Brake System REV 56, Jan 31/03

EXTERNAL SERVICE PANEL

EXT AC CKPT CALL
PUSH PUSH
NOSE HDPH
DOOR AVAIL
OPEN CALL PARKING BRAKE
FLT/
IN USE
NOTE Handle (black)
NORM
Do not apply torque to the parking To engage parking brake:
APU BATT
SHUT--OFF ON
PKG BRK
ON
LAMP
TEST
MIC
brake handle until the parking brake While fully depressing
handle is in the full pulled position. both brake pedals on
Do not rotate the parking brake the pilot’s or copilot’s
handle more than 90 degrees to lock. side, pull parking brake
handle and rotate it 90
degrees to the locked
position.
PARKING BRAKE ON PARKING BRAKE To disengage parking
Light brake:
Comes on to indicate that While fully depressing
the parking brake is set. Parking Brake Handle both brake pedals on
Pilot’s Instrument Panel the pilot’s or copilot’s
side, rotate the parking
brake handle to the
unlocked position and
push it in.

Parking Brake System

Figure 16---40---4

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LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Brake System

CONFIG
BRAKES
PARKING BRAKE
<0039> PARK BRAKE SOV

<0006>
PARK BRAKE SOV
Caution (amber)
Indicates that the
parking brake SOV has
failed or the parking
brake SOV is in the
closed position with
the parking brake
handle off.

Primary Page

PARKING BRAKE ON

<0039>

PARKING BRAKE ON <0039> <0039>

Advisory (green)
Comes on to indicate that
the parking brake is set.
Conditions are:

Status Page
Parking Brake --- EICAS Messages <MST>
Figure 16---40---5

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LANDING GEAR
Brake System REV 56, Jan 31/03

BTMS OVHT WARN RESET Switch

Press to reset the BTMS. The BTMS can only
be reset if the brake overheat condition or the
brake temperature difference has discontinued. BTMU FAIL Status (white)
Comes on to indicate that the BTMS
unit has failed.
<0039>
BTMS OVHT HORN
WARN RESET <0039>

MUTED

ANTI SKID
ARMED TEST BTMU FAIL

Landing Gear Control Panel

Center Instrument Panel

Brake Temperature Readout

Indicates temperature value of respective brake.

Status Page

NOTE

When a brake overheat condition is detected, the brake

temperature outline and readout will remain red, regardless
of temperature value, until the system is reset by the BTMS
OVHT WARN RESET switch.
Brake Temperature Monitoring System <MST>
Figure 16---40---6

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LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Brake System

A. Parking Brake

Inboard brake control valves and the parking shutoff valve are used to provide braking
when the aircraft is parked. Pulling the parking brake handle while fully depressing
both rudder pedals and turning the handle 90 degrees in either direction, locks both
brake control valves in the applied position.

When the hydraulic systems are shut down, hydraulic pressure slowly leaks away via
the anti-skid return lines. The parking brake shutoff valve closes when the parking
brake is applied, ensuring that hydraulic system 3 accumulator pressure is maintained
on the inboard brakes for a prolonged period of time.

NOTE

With the parking brake applied, only the inboard

brakes will hold for a prolonged period of time if No. 2
and No. 3 hydraulic systems are not available.

Parking brake configuration and operational condition are continuously monitored and
any detected fault is displayed on EICAS in the form of a visual and/or aural message.

Effectivity:

S Airplanes 7003 to 7128 and 7002, 7129 and subsequent incorporating SB601R--24--055

NOTE

On the ground, with the parking brake applied, the ADG automatic
deployment is inhibited.

B. Brake Temperature Monitoring System

The brake temperature monitoring system (BTMS) provides an indication to the crew of
the main wheel brake temperatures. Individual brake temperatures are displayed as a
color coded numerical readout on the EICAS Status page. The brake temperature
readout will be displayed when the value of one of the four readouts is six or greater, or
when the landing gear and flap positions are displayed on the EICAS.

A BTMS overheat warning reset switch, on the landing gear control panel, is used to
reset the system when the brake overheat condition no longer exists.

C. Anti--Skid System

The anti-skid system controls hydraulic pressure to the four main wheel brakes to
provide anti-skid protection. The anti-skid system consists of a dual channel (inboard
and outboard) anti-skid control unit (ASCU), four (axle mounted) wheel speed
transducers and two dual anti-skid control valves.

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Brake System REV 56, Jan 31/03

The anti-skid system performs the following functions:

S Individual wheel anti-skid control: -- Prevents skids from developing

S Touchdown protection: -- Prevents landing with locked wheels in the event that the
pilot(s) are depressing the brake pedals during touchdown

S Locked wheel protection: -- Allows a wheel to recover from a deep skid.

Selecting the anti--skid switch, on the landing gear control panel, to the ARMED
position enables the ASCU (provided the parking brake is not set and both main
landing gear are down and locked).

By monitoring each wheel speed individually, the ASCU can detect tire skidding. The
ASCU independently reduces the braking pressure at the skidding wheel by modulating
the pressure outputs of the appropriate anti-skid control valve. This modulation is
controlled by the individual wheel speed and deceleration monitored through the wheel
speed transducers.

In the air, with no weight-on-wheels signal, the anti-skid control valves dump pressure
to prevent wheel lock-up on touchdown. On the ground, the system becomes
operational once a 35 knots wheel spin-up signal is present or a weight-on-wheels
signal is present after a 5 second delay. The anti--skid function is operational to a
minimum wheel speed of 10 knots.

NOTE

In the event of a failure that causes loss of braking,

manual braking is restored by selecting the anti-skid
system off.

The ASCU continuously monitors the anti-skid system and any detected faults are
displayed on the EICAS primary page.

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LANDING GEAR
REV 56, Jan 31/03
Brake System

BTMS OVHT HORN

WARN RESET Anti skid Test Switch (Spring--loaded to normal position)
TEST -- simulates a failure (alternately) in the outboard and
MUTED
inboard channels of the anti skid system.
Results are displayed on EICAS.
ANTI SKID
ARMED TEST
NOTE
Anti skid test must be performed with the anti skid system
armed and landing gear down and locked.
OFF

MLG BAY OVHT TEST Anti skid Armed Switch

OVHT WARN FAIL
ARMED -- Anti skid system is armed. System is activated
with wheel spin--up (35 kt).
OFF -- Anti skid system is disabled.

Landing Gear Control Panel

Center Instrument Panel

A/SKID INBD Caution (amber)

Indicates that the inboard channel
of the anti skid system has failed.

A/SKID OUTBD Caution (amber)

A/SKID INBD Indicates that the Outboard channel
<0039> A/SKID OUTBD of the anti skid system has failed.

NOTE
Both the A/SKID INBD and A/SKID
OUTBD caution messages will come on
if one of the main landing gear fails to
downlock.

<0006>

Primary Page

Anti Skid System <MST>

Figure 16---40---7

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LANDING GEAR
Brake System REV 56, Jan 31/03

D. System Circuit Breakers

SYSTEM SUB--SYSTEM CB NAME BUS BAR CB CB NOTES

PANEL LOCATION
BRAKE
DC BUS 2 2 G3
PRESS IND
Brakes
BRAKE TEMP
Landing Gear DC BUS 1 G3
MON 1
ANTI SKID DC BUS 1 G4
Anti Skid
Anti-Skid
ANTI SKID DC BUS 2 2 G4

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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Brake System

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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 Vol. 1 16--50--1
LANDING GEAR
Nose Wheel Steering System REV 56, Jan 31/03

1. NOSE WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM

The nose wheel steering system is a steer--by--wire system which is electrically controlled
and hydraulically actuated through dual steering actuators on the nose landing gear. The
system is controlled by a steering electronic control unit (ECU) and powered by No. 3
hydraulic system.

The steering ECU is armed through a N/W STRG ARMED switch, located on the pilots left
side panel, and activated by a weigh--on--wheels and nose gear down--and--locked signal
from the proximity sensing electronic unit (PSEU).

The steering ECU controls the nose wheel position based on inputs from either the steering
tiller on the pilot’s side console or the rudder pedals. Steering commands are processed by
the the ECU which electrically controls an electrohydraulic servo valve to modulate hydraulic
pressure to the steering actuators. The steering tiller turns the nose wheel up to 70 degrees
either side of center, and is intended for low speed taxiing. Steering with the rudder pedals
is limited to 7 degrees either side of center and is intended for high speed taxi and take-off
and landing rolls. Nose wheel position feedback is sent to the ECU from two position
transducers mounted on the steering actuators.

After take-off, the ECU generates a signal to center the nose wheel prior to landing gear
retraction. Also, centering cams in the shock strut mechanically center the nose wheel as
the strut extends under its own weight.

If a failure is detected by the steering control unit, the system reverts to free castoring mode.
The pilot then maintains ground directional control through rudder control and differential
braking.

In the event of failure of No. 3 hydraulic system, the nose wheel is centered by the centering
cams. Rudder, differential braking and differential thrust will be used for directional control.
Reverse thrust and the ground spoilers will decelerate the aircraft, if the brakes are
degraded or fail completely.

The steering control unit continuously monitors the nose wheel steering system, and any
detected fault is display on the EICAS primary page. Detection of a fault, will result in
steering system shutdown. The system will then revert to free castoring mode.

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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Nose Wheel Steering System

NOSE
WHEEL
STEERING
ACTUATORS

28 VDC
BUS 1

NO.3 HYDRAULIC
ELECTROHYDRAULIC SYSTEM
WOW
SERVO VALVE (FROM NOSE LANDING
GEAR DOWN LINE)

NOSE LANDING ELECTRONIC TO EICAS

GEAR DOWN CONTROL
AND LOCKED UNIT

PSEU RUDDER
PEDALS

28VDC
Heading Indicator and
BUS 2
Index Marks (white)
Indicates tiller selected
N/W STRG to center, 70 LH or RH.
ARMED Tiller is spring--loaded to
center.

OFF
Nose Wheel Steering
Tiller (black)
Nose Wheel Steering Tiller Used to maneuver the
Pilot’s Side Console airplane on the ground.
The nose wheel steering
Nose Wheel Steering
system is armed in flight
Switch
and enabled when the
ARMED -- Nose wheel steering airplane is on the ground
is armed. Nose wheel steering (gear down and locked
is activated with WOW. and WOW).
OFF -- Nose wheel is set in the
free castoring mode.

Nose Wheel Steering System Schematic

Figure 16---50---1

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

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LANDING GEAR
Nose Wheel Steering System REV 56, Jan 31/03

STEERING INOP
Caution (amber)
Indicates that the
steering system has
failed and reverted to
STEERING INOP
free castoring mode.
<0039>

NOTE
If the STEERING INOP
message is displayed
with the system selected off,
this indicates that the
steering SOV has failed
(stuck) open. The N/W
<0006> STRG must be selected
on to enable centering
of the nosewheel.

Primary Page

Nose Wheel Steering System <MST>

Figure 16---50---2

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REV 56, Jan 31/03
Nose Wheel Steering System

A. System Circuit Breakers

SYSTEM SUB--SYSTEM CB NAME BUS BAR CB CB NOTES

PANEL LOCATION

Nose Wheel NOSE STEER DC BUS 1 1 F8

Control Unit
Steering NOSE STEER DC BUS 2 2 F8

Flight Crew Operating Manual MASTER

CSP A--013