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    Chem

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    Aman ghosh
    This project studied the rate of evaporation of different liquids. It found that the rate of evaporation was highest for chloroform, followed by benzene, then acetone. The experiments showed that evaporation rate increased with larger surface area and higher temperature. Key factors influencing evaporation rate are the nature and intermolecular forces of the liquid, surface area, temperature, and other environmental conditions.

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    Chem

    Uploaded by

    Aman ghosh
    11 views23 pages
    This project studied the rate of evaporation of different liquids. It found that the rate of evaporation was highest for chloroform, followed by benzene, then acetone. The experiments showed that evaporation rate increased with larger surface area and higher temperature. Key factors influencing evaporation rate are the nature and intermolecular forces of the liquid, surface area, temperature, and other environmental conditions.

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    This project studied the rate of evaporation of different liquids. It found that the rate of evaporation was highest for chloroform, followed by benzene, then acetone. The experiments showed that evaporation rate increased with larger surface area and higher temperature. Key factors influencing evaporation rate are the nature and intermolecular forces of the liquid, surface area, temperature, and other environmental conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views23 pages

    Chem

    Uploaded by

    Aman ghosh
    This project studied the rate of evaporation of different liquids. It found that the rate of evaporation was highest for chloroform, followed by benzene, then acetone. The experiments showed that evaporation rate increased with larger surface area and higher temperature. Key factors influencing evaporation rate are the nature and intermolecular forces of the liquid, surface area, temperature, and other environmental conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    Study of rate of

    evaporation of
    different liquids
    This project would not have been possible
    without the kind support and help of many
    individuals. I would like to thank our
    principal, Mr.Bipin Bihari Singh for his
    priceless motivation. I would also like to
    thank my chemistry teacher; whose valuable
    guidance helped me patch this project. I
    would like to thank my parents for their
    heartfelt support and encouragement. My
    thanks to my fellow classmates in developing
    the project.
    INDEX
    I. OBJECTIVE
    II. THEORY
    III. MATERIALS RECQUIRED
    IV. PROCEDURE
    V. OBSERVATION
    VI. CONCLUSION
    VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
    Rate of Evaporation of Different
    Liquids

    Objective of Project
    In this project, we shall investigate
    various factors such as nature of liquid,
    surface of liquid and temperature and
    find their correlation with the rate of
    evaporation of different liquids.

    THEORY
    Factors influencing rate
    ofEvaporation:-
    1. Concentration of the substance
    evaporating in the air.

    If the air already has a high


    concentration of the substance
    evaporating, then the givensubstance will
    evaporate more slowly.

    2. Concentration of other substances in the


    air.

    If the air is already saturated with other


    substances, it can have a lower capacity
    forth substance evaporating.

    3. Temperature of the substance.


    If the substance is hotter, then
    evaporation will be faster.

    4. Flow rate of air.


    This is in part related to the
    concentration points above. If fresh air
    moves over the substance all the time,
    then the concentration of thesubstance
    in the air is less likely to go up with time,
    thus encouraging faster evaporation. In
    addition, molecules in motion have more
    energy than those at rest, and so the
    stronger the flow of air, the greater the
    evaporating power of the airmolecules.

    5. Inter-molecular forces.

    The stronger the forces keeping the


    molecules together in the liquid or solid
    state the more energy that must be input
    in order to evaporate them.

    6. Surface area and temperature.


    The rate of evaporation of liquids varies
    directly with temperature. With the
    increase in the temperature, fraction of
    molecules having sufficient kinetic
    energy to escape out from the surface
    alsoincreases. Thus with the increase in
    temperature rate of evaporation also
    increases. Molecules that escape the
    surface of the liquids constitute the
    evaporation.Therefore larger surface area
    contributes accelerating evaporation.

    7. Nature of Liquids
    The magnitude of inter-molecular forces
    of attraction in liquid determines the
    speed of evaporation. Weaker the inter-
    molecular forces of attraction larger are
    the extent of evaporation.

    8. Density
    The higher the density, the slower a
    liquid evaporates.

    9. Pressure

    In an area of less pressure, evaporation


    happens faster because there is less
    exertion on the surface keeping the
    molecules from launching themselves.

    MATERIALS REQUIRED

    APPARATUS:

     Three petridishes of diameter 10 cm


    with covers.
     10 ml pipette.
     Stop watch.

    CHEMICALS:

     Acetone
     Benzene
     Chloroform
    Fig 0.1: Petridish used for experiment

    Experiment no. 1
    Aim:
    To compare the rates of evaporation of
    acetone, benzene and chloroform.

    Requirement:
    Three same size Petri dishes of diameter
    10 cm, 10 ml. pipettes, stop watch,
    acetone benzene and chloroform.

    Procedure:
     Clean and dry all Petri dishes and
    identify them as A, B and C.
     Pipette out of 10 ml. acetone in Petri
    dish "A" with stopper similarly pipette
    out of 10 ml. of benzene and
    chloroform in each of Petri "B" and "C".
     Remove the cover plates from all Petri
    dishes and start the stop watch.
     Let the Petri dishes remain exposed for
    10 minute. Now cover each of the
    petridish and note the volume of
    remaining material in them.

    Observation:
    Time: 10 min = 600 Sec.

    Liqui
    Petri Vol.
    d Volume
    dishes Evap.
    Taken remainin Rate (V/T) ml./s
    Marke V=V1
    (V1) g (V2) ml.
    d –V2
    ml.
    8/600=0.013
    A 10 2 8
    3
    7/600=0.011
    B 10 3 7
    6
    C 10 4 6 6/600=0.010

    Results:
    Rate of evaporation of Acetone is 0.0133
    ml/s.
    Rate of evaporation of Benzene is 0.0166
    ml/s.
    Rate of evaporation of Chloroform is
    0.010 ml/s.

    Conclusion:
    The intermolecular forces of acetone,
    benzene and chloroform are in order.
    Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone.
    Fig1.1 Intermolecular forces

    Experiment no. 2
    Aim:
    To study the effect of surface area on the
    rate of evaporation of diethyl ether.
    Requirement:
    Three petri dishes of diameter 2.5 cm,
    5cm, 7.5 cm with cover, 10 ml of pipette
    and stop watch.

    Procedure:
     Clean and dry all petridishes and mark
    them as A, B and C.
     Pipette out 10 ml of diethyl ether in
    each of the petridish A, B and C and
    cover them immediately.
     Uncover all the 3 petridish and start the
    stopwatch.
     Note the remaining volume after 10
    minutes.

    Observation:
    Time: 10 minutes = 600 seconds.
    Petri
    Diameter of Volume Taken Remaining Evaporated
    dishes
    P.T.Ds. (ml.) Vol. (ml.) volume
    Marked

    A 2.5 10 4 6
    B 5.0 10 2 8
    C 7.5 10 0 10

    Result:
    The order of evaporation of acetone in
    three petridish are as 7.5 > 5.0 > 2.5.

    Conclusion:
    Larger the surface area, greater the
    evaporation.
    Fig 2.1 Different petridishes with different surface areas.

    Experiment 3
    Aim:
    To study the effect of temperature on rate
    of evaporation of acetone.
    Requirement:
    Two petridish of 5 cm diameter, stop
    watch, 10 ml pipette, thermometer,
    thermostat.

    Procedure:

     Wash, clean, dry the petridish and


    mark them as A,B
     Pipette out 10 ml of acetone in each of
    the petridish and cover them.
     Put one at room temperature and heat
    the other.
     Note the reading.

    Observation:

    Time taken 10 minutes = 600 seconds.


    Petri
    Time Evaporate
    dishes Temperatur Volume Take
    (Sec. d volume
    Marke e (0C) n (ml.)
    ) (ml.)
    d
    A 10 30 10 10
    B 20 40 10 10

    Result:
    Evaporation during heating is greater than
    evaporation at room temperature.

    Conclusion:
    Evaporation increases with increase in
    temperature.
    Fig 3.1: Heating a petridish.

    CONCLUSION
    Rate of evaporation of the given three
    liquids is in the order:
    Chloroform=0.0133 ml./s
    Benzene=0.0116ml./s
    Acetone=0.010ml./s
    Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone

     The intermolecular forces of acetone,


    benzene and chloroform are in order.
     Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone.
     Larger the surface area, greater the
    evaporation.
     Evaporation increases with increase in
    temperature.

    BIBLIOGRAPHY

     WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
     WWW.CHEMWORLD.COM
     WWW.QUORA.COM
     WWW.ICBSE.COM
    NAME – ABHISHEK KERKETTA
    CLASS – 11
    SEC – CEDAR
    ROLL NO – 01
    SESSION – 2022-2023
    PROJECT – STUDY OF RATE OF
    EVAPORATION OF DIFFERENT LIQUID

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