02 Weld Connections

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Fillet weld

Basic principles
1) Effective throat thickness
Effective throat thickness a of the fillet weld is the height of the biggest triangle inscribed into

py
fusing area and surface of the weld.
The height of the triangle defines critical plane of the weld throat.
Minimal height of the weld is a = 3mm.

co
throat thickness
nts
de

throat thickness with deep penetration

2) Minimal length of the weld


According to EN 1993-1-8 the carrying weld should satisfy:
• Lw,min ≥ 6 ⋅ a
stu

• Lw,min ≥ 30 mm
3) Long weld connections
If the length of the weld is:
• Lw ≥ 150 ⋅ a

the carrying capacity of the weld should be reduced by coefficient βLw, according to non-
uniform stress distribution longwise the weld.

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4) Slope of the connected metal plates co
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the slope should be from 60° to 120°

5) Advised throat thicknesses

thickness of connected plates throat thickness a


(mm) (mm)
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do 10 mm 3mm
11 – 20 mm 4mm
21 – 30 mm 5mm
nad 30mm 6mm
stu
Design resistance of a fillet weld
1) The critical plane of the weld throat
In the design procedure the internal force on the fillet weld is resolved into components.
A uniform stress distribution is assumed, leading to the following normal stresses and shear
stresses
• σ⊥ the normal stress perpendicular to the critical plane of the throat

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• σ II the normal stress parallel to the axis of the weld
(it should be neglected when calculating the design resistance of a fillet weld)
• τ⊥ the shear stress (in the crit. plane of the throat) perpendicular to the weld axis
• τ II the shear stress (in the crit. plane of the throat) parallel to the weld axis

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τ
σ
σ
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σw
σ ⊥ = τ ⊥ = σ w ⋅ cos 45° =
2
2) The resistance of the fillet weld – general procedure
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It will be sufficient, if the following two conditions are satisfied:


fu
• σ ⊥2 + 3 ⋅ (τ ⊥2 + τ II2 ) ≤
β wγ M 2
fu
• σ⊥ ≤
γM2
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kde fu ultimate strength of the basic material


γ M 2 = 1,25 partial factor for material properties – for weld connections
βw correlation factor
steel correlation factor βw
S 235 0,8
S 275 0,85
S 355 0,9
S 420 1,0
S 460 1,0
3) The resistance of the fillet weld – simplified procedure
This procedure calculates the resistance of the fillet weld per unit length independent of
loading:

py
co
fu / 3
f vw.d =
β wγ M 2

The resistance of the weld per unit length is:


nts
Fw, Rd = f vw.d ⋅ a ,

be aware of extensities in the weld connections


de
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tension at the throat of the weld tension at the throat of the weld
due to bending moment due to tension force
butt weld
A full penetration butt weld is defined as a weld that has complete penetration and
fusion of weld and parent metal throughout the thickness of the joint. A partial penetration
butt weld is defined as a weld that has joint penetration which is less than the full thickness of
the parent material. Intermittent but welds should not be used.
The butt welds ensure favorable stress distribution between the connected members.
The design resistance of a full penetration butt weld should be taken the same as the

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resistance of the weaker of the parts connected independent on stress manner. This is valid
only when the weld is made will procedure all-weld tensile specimens having both
a minimum strength not less than those specified for the parent metal.

co
nts
flare groove welds
For solid bars the design effective throat thickness of flare groove welds, when fitted
flush to the surface of the solid section of the bars, is defined in figures.
de
stu

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