CHE66 MFC Webinar

Microbial Fuel Cell Webinar
Vice President PIChE Bataan – Engr. Adrian T. Taban (opening remarks)
Speaker 1
Speaker: Engr. Marcel Roy B. Domalanta
School: North Dakota State University
Title: Advancements and Updates about Chemical Engineering in the Fuel Cell Technologies
Hydrogen Production Introduction:
- Most abundant element (90% of material world)

- By-product when burn is water
- Can be produced through electrolysis
- Ways to produce 2 (steam reforming, coal gasification, biomass, nuclear, water electrolysis)
Type of H2 Production Advantage Disadvantage
Steam Reforming Most developed Pollution (CO & CO2)
Coal Gasification Existing Infrastructure Seasonal H2 Supply
Biomass RE Dependable Risk of Deforestation
Nuclear Less carbon produced Disposal issues
Water Electrolysis Zero emission Relatively higher cost
Hydrogen Advantages
- A zero-carbon energy carrier

- Long-term storage solution
- Alternative to diesel backup power
- Fuel price independence
- No noise and smell pollution
- Promising market potential
Green Hydrogen – hydrogen produced when renewable energy is its component parts through
electrolysis. With the following result:
- Decarbonizing the gas grid

- Heat source for industries
- Fuel cells for transportation
- Low carbon feedstock
1695 MT - Target CO2 emission cut

120 MJ/kg - H2 energy density (3x higher than gasoline emitting CO2)
1.23 V - H2 fuel cell theoretical voltage
1.4 USD/kg – cost of hydrogen as of 2021 and is expected to reduce.
Ideal H2 lifecycle:
1. Renewable energy source

2. Hydrogen generation by water electrolysis
3. Hydrogen fuel cell utilizing hydrogen and oxygen from air.
4. Use case for electricity and heating.
Water Electrolysis
Water Electrolysis - To split the water to its hydrogen and oxygen molecules.
Types of Water Electrolysis:
1. Alkaline Electrolysis
2. PEM Electrolysis (proton exchange membrane)
3. Solid Oxide Electrolysis
High Current Density (HCD) Water Electrolysis

HCD Water Electrolysis Effect on Microscale
Enhancing catalytic performance:
1. Electron transfer
a) Utilizing carbon - conductive carbon facilitates electron transport and enhances charge
transfer.
b) Phosphorization - tightly bound short ion diffusion channels.
2. Promoting Mass Diffusion

a) Size reduction - increases electrochemically active surface area.
b) Dimensionality - enhances facile movement of particles.
c) Surface modification - synergism from complementary materials
3. Enhancing mechanical stability

a) Modulate self-reconstruction - manipulating valence state for surface reconstruction.
b) Self-healing catalysts - inducing catalyst particle on electrolyte.
HCD Water Electrolysis Effect on Macroscale – effects on various components of the electrolyzer (heat
generation on the membrane, crossover of gaseous product, design optimization to accommodate HCD
such as electrode distancing, and pressure buildup on the electrolyzer stack).
Improving electrolyzer stack:
1. Electrode design
a) Superaerophobicity and Superhydrophilicity - bubble control and surface contact
b) Roughness - triple phase contact and adhesion
2. Cell configuration
a) Finite gap - optimization of distance to avoid bubble accumulation.
b) Zero gap – minimizes area resistance, control mass transfer, and geometry flexibility.
3. Stack design
a) Membrane electrode assembly – optimizing the physical design.
b) Modeling - allow analysis of stack performance without the need of expensive and time
consuming wet-lab experiments.
MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Fuel cells
- “factories” that produce electricity as long as they are supplied with “fuel”.
- Directly convert chemical energy to electrical energy
PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) Flow fields
- Flow field design focuses on water removal on the cathode side.
Conventional flow field designs:
1. Parallel
2. Serpentine
3. Interdigitated
PEMFC flow field trends
Flow field plates – fine channels and groove to carry gas flow and is responsible for water management
of the cell.
Closing
Dick Fisbury invented the Fosbury flop in high jumps. It changed the sports forever
No one has ever changed the world by doing what the world has told them to do.
ICE Breaker
1. A Fuel Cell is a___. Answer: Galvanic Cell

2. What is the value of the change in enthalpy if the process is endothermic? Answer: Positive
3. Which of the following is not true about the advantage of fuel cell? Answer: The Fuel cell
systems do require combustion of fuels to generate energy.
4. Who is the inventor of fuel cell technology? Answer: William Robert Grove
5. What is the main element used in a fuel cell? Answer: Hydrogen and Oxygen
6. What is the percentage of the known universe mass is hydrogen? Answer:75%
7. How do you refuel a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle? Answer: Pump hydrogen gas directly into the
tank.
8. What reaction does fuel cell employs to convert hydrogen? Answer: Electrochemical Reaction.
9. When was the fuel cell invented? Answer: 1839
10. What is the typical range of efficiency in a hydrogen fueled vehicle? Answer: 50-60%
11. What is the leading source of hydrogen fuel productions? Answer: Natural gas
12. Which of the following countries leading the way of the fuel cell vehicle? Answer : Japan
13. How long does it take to refuel a hydrogen fuel vehicle? Answer: 3-5 minutes
14. Among the 17 SDGs, fuel cell technologies identifies? SDG 7 and 13/
15. What is the future of hydrogen cell technology? Answer: All of the above
Population increase
Carbonacius waste is the substrate
The bacteria catalyzes and metabolizes the reaction
\Microbial Fuel Cell is used to treat water while removing the energy trapped at the carbon of the
wastewater
As long as the plant is living it will continue to provide electricity
Dependent on the BOD load of wastewater.
Degrading the bulk waste to something the bacteria can digest.
Worms is the catalyst

Challenge : Inserting electrodes to the plant
Webinar Learner assessment
1. What is the Paris Climate Agreement Goal for global average temperature rise?*
a. under 1.5 degrees Celsius
b. under 1 degrees Celsius
c. greater than 1.5 degrees celsius
d. under 1.25 degrees celsius
2. What is the target CO2 emission cut of the EU Roadmap?*

a. 1965 MT
b. 1695 MT
c. 1569 MT
d. 1596 MT
3. ____________ refers to hydrogen produced when renewable energy is used to split

H2O in its component parts through electrolysis*
a. grey hydrogen
b. blue hydrogen
c. green hydrogen
d. yellow hydrogen
4. In PEMFC's, flow field design efforts often focus in the water removal capability of the
_________ side.
*
a. anode
b. none of the above
c. cathode
d. cathode and anode
5. When it comes to GHG emissions, what is the Philippines' commitment to 2017 Paris
Climate Change Agreement?*
a. -70% GHG emissions by 2030
b. -70% GHG emissions by 2023
c. -70% GHG emissions by 2025
d. -80% GHG emissions by 2030
6. Hydrogen refuelling is _____ times faster than fast charging.*

a. 16
b. 15
c. 10
d. 14
7. Grey hydrogen is produced through?

a. Catalytic Cracking
b. Electrolysis
c. Reforming or Gasification
d. Fusion
8. What is the energy source of blue hydrogen?

a. Fossil fuels
b. Renewable Electricity
c. Biomass
9. It is a non-nobel metal catalyst used to lower the overall cost of the
water electrolyzer.
a. Gold
b. Cobalt
c. Platinum
d. None of the above
10. TRUE OR FALSE. In the Philippines, fuel cell modules are primarily exported
because we have abundant supply.
a. TRUE
b. FALSE

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Microbial Fuel Cell Webinar

Vice President PIChE Bataan – Engr. Adrian T. Taban (opening remarks)

School: North Dakota State University

Hydrogen Production Introduction:

- Most abundant element (90% of material world)

- A zero-carbon energy carrier

- Decarbonizing the gas grid

1695 MT - Target CO2 emission cut

1.23 V - H2 fuel cell theoretical voltage

1.4 USD/kg – cost of hydrogen as of 2021 and is expected to reduce.

1. Renewable energy source

Types of Water Electrolysis:

High Current Density (HCD) Water Electrolysis

Enhancing catalytic performance:

2. Promoting Mass Diffusion

3. Enhancing mechanical stability

Improving electrolyzer stack:

MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) Flow fields

- Flow field design focuses on water removal on the cathode side.

Conventional flow field designs:

PEMFC flow field trends

1. A Fuel Cell is a___. Answer: Galvanic Cell

The bacteria catalyzes and metabolizes the reaction

Degrading the bulk waste to something the bacteria can digest.

Worms is the catalyst

2. What is the target CO2 emission cut of the EU Roadmap?*

3. ____________ refers to hydrogen produced when renewable energy is used to split

6. Hydrogen refuelling is _____ times faster than fast charging.*

7. Grey hydrogen is produced through?

8. What is the energy source of blue hydrogen?

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