A

TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

SIWES (STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME)

AT EMIRATE CONSULT,UMUDIATU,UMUSASA,UMUNA,IMO STATE,NIGERIA.

PERPARED BY

JUSTUS CHIJIOKE UZOAMAKA (21/ DE/1614)

SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IMO STATE UNIVERSITY,

OWERRI, IMO STATE,NIGERIA.

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT TO REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF B. ENG.

DEGREE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

NOVEMBER 2023

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 DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to God almighty who is the beginning and the end of my existence, the
reason I breathe, but for his grace and mercies I would not be writing this report this day. Also to
my lovely and wonderful parents Mr. And Mrs. Uzoamkafor your labor of love and support
through these years, to my brothers, sisters and friends a big thank you for your support

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Preceding all others in spatial position, I deem it fit to express my sincere gratitude to the ALMIGHTY
GOD, THE SELF EXISTING ONE, ELOHIM, for sustaining my life up till this present moment, for
sound health, for knowledge and understanding, I cannot thank him enough.
I will also like to acknowledge my parents, Mr and Mrs. Uzoamaka for their endless supports in every
areas for their labour of love, my siblings and the rest member of my family for taking good care of me
throughout my SIWES program.
My lecturers would not be left out, God forbid!, I want to acknowledge my lecturers for their endless
effort in trying to bring out the very best in me, for their impact on me, also to the staffs of EMIRATE
CONSULT may the good lord bless you all.

God bless you all……………

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 ABSTRACT

This technical report bears witness in details, the experience gained by the industrial trainee
during his five months period of attachment to a construction firm at EMIRATE C9NSULT,
having succeeded in mental design of a bridge between theory and actual practice in civil
engineering. Learning the applications of structural analysis in actual design of structures from
first principle.
The first chapter tells everything about SIWES, its origin, it’s funding, and the role of
government in SIWES, etc. the preceding chapter gives an oversight of what design is, ranging
from reinforced concrete design structures to the design of steel structures, introduction to
various software’s to aid structural design, the rudiments of detailing structural works, tests
carried out and projects involved in.
The third chapter talks about the company of primary assignment, company profile, etc. services
rendered and experience gained was nailed down in chapter four also problems encountered was
also discussed here. At the end of it all, in the fifth chapter, conclusions and recommendations
are drawn out by the trainee on his personal opinion about the scheme, its importance and
relevance to the growth of engineering practice in our nation and schools and suggestions on
how it has further helped the trainee in preparing to face the challenges existing as an essential
constituent in the engineering profession.

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the work during the five months industrial training was carried out by
Justus Chijioke Uzoamaka of the department of Civil Engineering at Emirate Consult, Imo
State,Nigeria. under the supervision of Engr. Uzowuru John Ebuka and Builder Godson
Emmanuel, with the report presented to the department of Civil Engineering, Imo State
University, Owerri, Imo State, during the 2023/2024 Students Industrial Work Experience
Scheme (SIWES).

Engr

Supervisor. Signature and date.

Engr. Dr. Obinna Andy Ibeje

HOD of Civil Engineering Signature and date.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page 1

Dedication 2

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………… 3

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

Certification 5

Table of content 6 -7

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….. 8
1.1 Definition of SIWES…………………………………………………………………… 8
1.2 About SIWES………………........................................................................................... 8
1.3 Aims and Objectives of SIWES………………………………………………………… 9
1.4 Importance as it relates to my course of study…………………………………………. 10
1.5 Justification for my choice of Industry…………………………………………………. 10
1.6 History and Background of Emirates Consult………………………………………….. 10

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Theoretical Framework …………………………………………………………………. 11

2.1 Civil Engineering ……………………………………………………………………… 11

2.2 Building ………………………………………………………………………………… 11

2.3 Building occupying classification…………………………………………………… 11-18

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Company Profile 19
3.1 Organization Address…………………………………………………………………… 19
3.2 Objectives of the establishment………………………………………………………… 19
3.3 Various departments in Emirate Consults and their Functions………………………. 20-21

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Experienced gained…… .. 22

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 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SIWES Challenges…………………………………………………………………… 23

5.1 Conclusion .. 24

5.2 Recommendation 25

5.3 References 26

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 DEFINITION OF SIWES

The student work experience scheme (SIWES) is a skills training program designed to expose
and prepare student of Universities, polytechnics/colleges of technology/colleges of agriculture
and colleges of education for the industrial work situation they are likely to meet after
graduation and most importantly to bridge the gap existing between theory and practice of
engineering and technology, science, agriculture and other professional educational programs in
Nigeria tertiary institutions, hence SIWES is a course of study designed to enhance students
relevant productive skills and employability after labor and therefore is a major requirement for
an undergraduate of the above category.

1.2 ABOUT SIWES

The Student Industrial Work Experience scheme (SIWES), also known as Industrial Training
is a compulsory skill training program designed to expose and prepare students of Nigeria
Universities, Polytechnics, college of Education, College of Agriculture and College of
Technology, for the industrial work situation they are likely to meet after graduation. SIWES
introduction, initiation and design was done by the Industrial Training Fund in 1993 to
acquaint students with the skills of handling employer’s equipment and machinery.

The Industrial Training Fund solely funded the scheme during its formative years. However,
due to financial constraints, the fund withdrew the scheme in 1978. Since its inception,
SIWES has become a mandatory part of the curriculum for all Nigerian tertiary institutions.
The program is divided into three phases; the Industrial Training (IT), the Industrial
Attachment (IA) and the Long Vacation Work Experience Scheme (LVWE). During the IT
phase, students are placed in an industrial establishment for a period of four months. During
this period, students are expected to observe and practice the skills and knowledge learned in
the classroom. During the IA phase, students are attached to an industrial establishment for a
period of six months. During this period, students are expected to practice the skills they have
acquired, whilst being exposed to the industrial environment and the challenges it poses.The
LVWE phase provides the opportunity for students to gain experience in their chosen field of
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 study. During this period, students are expected to apply the knowledge and skills they have
acquired in the classroom and in the workplace.

The purpose of the scheme was to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge acquired by
students at universities and real-world experience gained on industrial placements. It has
since become an essential part of higher education in Nigeria, with many students taking up
internships in order to gain practical skills that they may not otherwise have had access to
while studying. The program provides students with the opportunity to gain industrial work
experience for a period of six months in order to improve their job prospects. Since its
inception, SIWES has grown significantly and now covers various fields such as
engineering, medical sciences, agricultural production technologies , business administration,
accountancy and insurance services.
Moreover, several private firms offer internships through collaborations with Nigerian
universities offering vocational trainings which are aimed at producing adequately trained
graduates for today’s ever-changing employment market. In addition to providing valuable
opportunities for students to learn more about their chosen field hands-on before graduating
or entering into fulltime employment throughout the country there are also numerous
benefits associated with completing these programs. Since its inception, SIWES has played
an important role in shaping student's preparedness for working life after graduation. It also
offers them opportunities to develop problem-solving skills while getting practical
experiences from experienced professionals that can help equip them with necessary traits
required for success on graduation day.

Students who take advantage of them often enter employments earlier than peers; gain much
needed experience; obtain greater insight into potential career paths available after graduation;
earn an income from allowances provided during placement periods; acquire skill sets
applicable outside classroom environments among other benefit sand this is why SIWES
remains very popular amongst Nigerian tertiary institution student population till date.

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES.

SIWES brings about a hand-on-the job training in the industries. It creates a sort of link between
theory and actual practice in the field.
The aims and objectives of the scheme as stated by ITF are;
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1.To provide an avenue for students in industries of higher learning to acquire industrial skills and
experience in the course of their study.
2. To prepare students for the work situations they are to meet after graduation.
3. To expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment’s and machinery that
may not be in the educational institutions.
4. To enlist and strengthen employers involvement in the entire educational process for preparing
students for employment industry.
5. To make transition from school to world of work easier and enhance students contact for later job
placement.
6. To provide students an opportunity to apply his knowledge in real work situation thereby
bridging the gap between college work and actual practice.

1.4 IMPORTANCE AS IT RELATES TO MY COURSE OF STUDY SIWES

Is not only a necessity in my course of study but mandatory, this is because my course of study as
it were, is a field that requires not only a solid theoretical background but also a very good
practical knowledge on the job, therefore SIWES creates an avenue for this practical knowledge
to be acquired. SIWES makes the theoretical knowledge previously gained more realistic and
applicable.

1.5 JUSTIFICATION FOR MY CHOICE OF INDUSTRY

What will be the use of constructing without knowing how the structural elements are designed and how
they behave? What is the use of learning structural analysis when you do not have an idea of how it is
applied in practice?, therefore I decided to work in EMIRATE CONSULT( a construction firm ) to learn
from first principle how these theories are applied in practice, how to design and detail, not only how to
design but produce a workable and economic structure.

1.6 HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF EMIRATE CONSULT.

Emirate Consult was established in 2005 by Engr. Uzoamaka Justine Chibuzor .It has its head
office in Rogun Patigi, Kwara State, Nigeria. It has also has various branches across the nation.

Emirate Consults deals on general construction (building, roads etc.). There are currently about
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22 employees in the organization all ranging from Builders, Site contractors, and architect.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 CIVIL ENGINEERING

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction,
and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads,
bridges, canals, dams, and buildings. Civil engineering is the second-oldest engineering discipline
after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military
engineering. It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including architectural
engineering, environmental engineering, engineering, control, structural engineering, earthquake
engineering, transportation engineering, construction surveying, and construction engineering,
etc. Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national
governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international
companies.

2.2 BUILDING

A building or edifice is a structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one
place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes and functions, and
have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building
materials available, to weather conditions, to land prices, ground conditions, specific uses and
aesthetic reasons. To better understand the term building compare the list of non building
structures.

2.3 BUILDING OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

The following is based on the International Building Code, the most commonly used building code in
Nigeria;
 Assembly (Group A) - places used for people gathering for entertainment, worship, and
eating or drinking. E.g: churches, restaurants (with 50 or more occupants), theaters, and
stadiums.
 Business (Group B) - places where services are provided (not to be confused with
 mercantile, below). Examples: banks, insurance agencies, government buildings
(including police and firestations), and doctor's offices.
 Educational (Group E) - schools and day care centers up to the 12th grade.
 Factory (Group F) - places where goods are manufactured or repaired (unless considered
"High-Hazard" (below)). Examples: factories and dry cleaners.
 High-Hazard (Group H) - places involving production or storage of very flammable or
toxic materials. Includes places handling explosives and/or highly toxic materials (such
as fireworks, hydrogen peroxide, and cyanide).
 Institutional (Group I) - places where people are physically unable to leave without
assistance.

 Examples: hospitals, nursing homes, and prisons. In some jurisdictions, it may be

used todesignate Industrial.
 Mercantile (Group M) - places where goods are displayed and sold. Examples: grocery
stores, department stores, and gas stations.
 Residential (Group R) - places providing accommodations for overnight stay (excluding
Institutional). Examples: houses, apartment buildings, hotels, and motels.
 Storage (Group S) - places where items are stored (unless considered High-Hazard).
Examples:warehouses and parking garages.

Nevertheless, I underlined my priorities into the following even if I know that there is
more to learn but I learnt this one’s so tight;

 SLAB DESIGN
 BEAM DESIGN
 STAIR DESIGN
 COLUMN DESIGN
 FOUNDATION DESIGN/BASE AREA DESIGN
 QUALITY CONTROL
 BUILDING & QUANTITY SURVEYING
BUT FOR THE CAUSE OF THIS REPORT I WILL HIT ON JUST the structural section of the
company which include; SLAB, BEAM, AND STAIR Design, as it relates more to my sub – discipline,
which is Structural Engineering, and for full justification of my SIWES report guidelines.

2.0.1 SLAB DESIGN

A slab is a part of a reinforced concrete structure which more than often than not is subjected to bending

(tensile or compression) in most cases slabs are horizontal members but they can be used as vertical

members such as walls to infill panels, side walls to drains and sewer etc. slabs that are thicker than

200mm or where action of point or line loads is predominant.

Generally slabs are similar to beams except that slabs are;

 1.0m width is generally assumed

 The section is mostly Rectangular, hence no Flanges

 Shear is generally not considered unless where concentrated or line loads predominant and

the slab is thicker than 200mm.

 The design considers singly reinforced section, compression rebar are hardly used.

Types of slabs are Solid Slab, Flat Slab, Ribbed Floor Slab, Waffle Slab. The

type of slab type to be preferred may depend on the following

1. The span of the slab

2. The use of the space which may determine the span
3. The load to be carried and
4. Architectural aesthetics that are, required.

2.1.1SOLID SLABS

Solid slabs are the most commonly used slab especially residentially areas and offices and are employed
when the span does not exceed 6.0m. Research has shown that when the span exceeds 6.0meters
deflection is problematic. It has beams at the four edges of the beam which partly increase cost of
construction unlike the flat slab.

For example having a slab exceeding 200mm is generally un-economical. Solid slabs could be
continuous or simply supported.

Solid slabs could be categorized as a;

 ONE-WAY SPANNING SLAB

 TWO-WAY SPANNING SLAB
A one-way spanning slab occurs when ly/lx ≥ 2.0 and A two-way spanning

slab occurs when ly/lx ≤ 2.0

Where ly=long span of slab lx =short span of slab

2.1.2 FLAT SLABS

Flat slabs are beamless reinforced concrete slabs supported directed by columns. They have uniform
thickness or deeper thickness around the vicinity of columns carrying the slabs this is called drops .the
stability of the flat slab depends upon the monolithic interaction between the supporting columns and the
maximum deflection occurs at the middle and when loaded it deflects away from the column from the
column head. To reduce this column can be enlarged at junction of the slab and from what is called
column head.

Column head could be rectangular or conical in shape. The drops are effective in reducing shearing stress
especially where large live load are involved and because of its enhanced thickness, provides higher
moment of resistance for negative moments occurring at the column area. Since flat slabs are beamless,
they allow both light and Air circulation within the premises and offer reduced Storey height and they
are easy to construct.
Fig. 2.0 showing types of slabs

2.2.0 BEAM DESIGN

Fig. 2.1: A statically determinate beam, bending (sagging) under a uniformly distributed load

A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending.
The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external loads, own weight,
span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment. Beams are characterized by their
profile (shape of cross-section), their length, and their material.

Also a beam is a horizontal member of a building which receives load from the slab and the transmitting
them to the column and to the foundation. Generally beams not exceeding 6.0m are designed for a depth
of 450mm while between 6.0m and 7.0m has a depth of 600mm i.e. the longer the beam the thicker the
depth of the beam. Beams are either rectangular or flanged beams and onthe other side flanged beams are
divided into;

Tee beam- web width plus one-fifth of span or actual flange width

Ell beam- web width plus one tenth of the effective span or actual flange width.
 Fig. 2.3 Diagram of T and I-beam

Most beams in reinforced concrete buildings have rectangular cross sections, but a more efficient cross
section for a beam is an I or H section which is typically seen in steel construction.

An I-beam is only the most efficient shape in one direction of bending: up and down looking at the
profile as an I-beam. If the beam is bent side to side, it functions as an H where it is less efficient. The
most efficient shape for both directions in 2D is a box (a square shell) however the most efficient shape
for bending in any direction is a cylindrical shell or tube. But, for unidirectional bending, the I or wide
flange beam is superior.

Efficiency means that for the same cross sectional area (volume of beam per length) subjected to the
same loading conditions, the beam deflects less.

Other shapes, like L (angles), C (channels) or tubes, are also used in construction when there are special
requirements.
2.2.1 TYPES OF BEAMS BASED ON SUPPORTS

 Cantilever – is a beam supported at only one end such that the axis of the beam cannot rotate
at that end.

Fig. 2.4 cantilever beam

 Simply supported beam- this is also known as freely supported beam and it is also supported at
both ends. There is no restriction offer to the angular rotation of the ends of the bar at the
supports as the bar deflects under load.
Fig. 2.5 simply supported beam
  Overhanging beam- Is a beam freely supported at 2 points and having one or more both ends
extending beyond its supports.

Fig. 2.6: overhanging beam

 Fixed beams-is a beam where both ends are rigidly fixed or built into two supporting walls or
columns.

Fig. 2.7: fixed beams

 Continuous beam- Is a beam that has more than 2 supports or 3 supports. At the extreme the
support are called end supports while others are intermediate supports.

Fig. 2.8 continuous beams

2.3.0: COLUMN DESIGN

A column is a vertical load bearing member the ratio of its lateral dimension less or equal to 4:1 that is

the greatest lateral dimension is not more than four times its lateral dimension. The primary function of a

column or wall is to act as a vertical support to suspended members and to transmit loads from these

members to the foundation below. Hence, its strength lies in the capacity of the resist compressive stress.

2.3.1: Column Classification

A column could be short or slender. A short column is when the effective length is not more than15times
its lateral dimension for braced columns or 10times for unbraced column, otherwise the column is said to
be slender. Slender columns in addition to any axial load or moment are subjected to moment due to their
slenderness. These are usually added to the imposed moment on the column and slenderness should be
checked in both x axis and may not be slender in y axis and vice versa.The effective length of a column
is defined as ɤlo Where lo is the actual length of the column And ɤ is a function of the end restraints of
the column.
In analysis it is adequate to classify your column as either of the following;

A Braced Column- where lateral loads are resisted by the walls or some other form of bracing
Unbraced column- where the lateral loads are resisted by the bending action of the column.

From B.S code 8110:1997, clause 3.8.1.5

Defines braced columns as those lateral loads supported by walls, buttressing designed to resist all lateral
forces in that plane. It should otherwise be considered as unbraced. With braced columns the axial forces
and moment s are caused by the dead and by the imposed load only, whereas withan unbraced column the
loading arrangement which includes the effect of the lateral loads must be considered.

COLUMNS are loaded differently basically on how they bend towards the x axis or towards the y axis

with respect to their moment and are;

Fig.3.0d
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 COMPANY PROFILE

In line with the objective of this program, I was privileged to undergo the industrial training with
Emirate Consult,Patigi, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Emirate Consult is a leading provider of construction services here in Nigeria. With more than a
decade of experience. The company is represented in Nigeria in Building construction apart from
Construction, Emirate Consult has continued to pursue and erect building structures across
Nigeria. The company have grown from providing services in the state of Kwara State with
permanent location in Kwara State, and to a national contractor over years of existence.

Emirate Consult construction’s success over the past 20 years is due to its employees ‘dedication
to excellent work, customer service that exceeds expectations, and a safety program that has led
to millions of zero-accident hours. Honesty and open communication have empowered Emirate
Consult construction’s workforce since day one, and it shows in our work. Although the
equipment and the projects have grown in size, Emirate’s mission remains the same

3.1 ORGANIZATIONAL ADDRESS

Emirate Consult is located in Kwara State,where it started off as a Civil Engineering and
Construction Company way back in 2005 when it commenced in Nigeria. Emirate Consult has it
Head Office in Rogun Patigi, Kwara State, Nigeria. Emirate Consult was founded by Engr.
Uzoamaka Justine Chibuzor.

3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

To become a highly recognized company that architects, clients and competitors alike will see us as one of
the first choice contractors in the construction industry. To achieve this objectives we believe in the
following:
1. To improve construction quality and productivity to levels comparable with

those in developedcountries.

2. To ensure building safety, well-managed and maintained buildings, and

 administer aprogressive regulatory framework.

3. To build an organization that fosters teamwork and innovation and

develops our staff to their maximum potential.

4. To building lasting and successful relationships with clients and architects.

5. Promotion of power saving and environmentally friendly construction

best practices and materials to be implemented among housing

development industry.

3.3 VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS IN EMIRATE CONSULTS AND THEIR

FUNCTIONS

1. Administrative Department: This department is responsible for providing

administrative aid in five areas of a business: information management

systems, human resources, payroll, acquisition and communication. The

goal of the administration department is to keep all departments within a

business operating at maximum capacity.

2. Construction & Project Management Department: CPM departments

entails the employment of total quality management concept through

planning, coordination, and supervision of every project work. CPM is

aimed at meeting a client's requirement in order to produce a functionally

and financially viable project.

3. Developers and Building Department: This is a multifaceted business

process, encompassing activities that range from the renovation and re-lease
of existing buildings to the purchase of

raw land and the sale of developed land or parcels to others. Real estate
developers are the people who coordinate all of these activities, converting

ideas from paper to real property. Developers buy land, finance real estate

deals, build or have builders build projects, create, imagine, control and

orchestrate the process of development from the beginning to end.

 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0EXPERIENCE GAINED
Working at the Construction & Project Management department as a student trainee in Emirate Consult,
has given me the opportunity of getting a firsthand appreciation of Construction & Project Management
technology, learning its fundamentals, learning to work with various equipment used in Construction &
Project Management, and also acquiring skills in software design packages. I was able to apply some of the
theoretical knowledge gained during my study at the university to real work situations thereby bridging
the gap betweenschool work and actual practice.
I also gained experience in other fields of science, engineering and project management. I learnt
invaluable lessons on the code of conduct of big firms and it prepared me for work scenarios I amlikely to
meet after graduation.
Personally, one of the most important skills I gained during the course of my IT was commercial
communication skills within major companies. During the course of my work, I had to interact with
engineers and IT professionals from Architectural firms, manufacturing companies, oil and gas industries,
multinational companies and others. To carry out projects, I had to work together with personnel from
different departments. I also had to relate with senior engineers from my company and our international
service partners.
My General experiences concerning Structural Engineering are as follow:

I learnt how to read bar bending schedule and detailed drawing for reinforcement bars as it
relates to building construction.
I was able to grasp adequate knowledge and understanding regarding quality assurance and
quality control in construction.
1. I learnt how to improve construction quality and productivity by

ensuring environmentally friendly construction best practices and materials

are implemented.

2. I learnt how WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) helps in organizing what

needs to be done insmall packages of activities.

3. I learnt how difficult tasks are handled to ensure smooth progress of a

project work inconjunction to the time frame for a given project.

 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SIWES CHALLENGES

1. A week strike occurred during the internship program which principally was a general strike
for all construction workers in the country thereby, a week without work elongated the project
time for completion.

2. Due to long hours of transporting materials needed on site (shipping imported materials), there
were days whereby petite activities took place, thus limiting work progress on site.

3. Inadequate equipment to carry out some tests in the quality control section limited my
experience concerning test for rebar.

4. During my first few weeks, I had difficulties understanding a lot of the terms and
terminologies that was used at the office because a lot of them were very new to me. This made
it hard for me to follow the procedures.

5. I wasn’t able to visit other on-going projects by Emirate Consult hence, no experience was
gained in regard to their operations.
 CONCLUSION

This report has been able to x-ray an account of the entire work – experience garnered by me
during my SIWES program at Emirate Consult which is a core scheme in ITF and which is
saddled with the responsibility of strengthening the effective teaching and learning of skill based
course such as Civil Engineering. I therefore conclude that SIWES is of great benefit to students
in tertiary institutions. It therefore implies that the proper and effective administration of SIWES
will go a long way in boosting and enhancing the competencies of the workforce of the country. I
also concluded that SIWES is confronted with series of challenges and this may have hindered the
realization of the goals and objectives of the scheme and it therefore needs to be given attention
by all concerned stakeholders. Also, my general relationship with people and also work ethics
has increased greatly.
 RECOMMENDATION

In view of the relevance of the SIWES program, it is important that it is sustained by the
government through the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) as it exposes the student to work tools, facilities,
and equipment that may not be available in their respective institutions in relation to theircourse of study.
To this end, I recommend that the following under-listed points should be implemented:

1.Students’ Industrial Works Experience Scheme (SIWES) needs to be strengthened by all

concerned stakeholder in order for its objectives to be fully realized. Regular monthly allowances
for students on attachment should be paid promptly.

2.Organizations should always accept students for SIWES and subsequently assign them to
relevant jobs. Experience staff should always be made to train the students on attachment.

3.There should be more funding of the scheme by the government in order for it to be more
effective.

4.The companies should put in place all the necessary facilities needed to enhance the knowledge
of the student in industrial attachment.

5.It will be of great benefit if the institution can create a platform whereby student can obtain
pre- siwes knowledge or excursion programs, before student embark for general 6 months
industrial training program.
 REFERENCES
 Craig, R. L. (1987). Training and development handbook: A guide to human resource
development (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
 Structural Use of Concrete. Part 1: Code of Practice for Design and Construction. BS
8110.(1985). London: BSI.
 Loading for buildings. (1997). London: British Standards Institution.

 COREN (1991). Supervised Industrial Training Scheme in Engineering (SITSIE).

Council ofRegistered Engineers of Nigeria.
 Ekpenyong, L.E. (2011). Foundations of Technical and Vocational Education: Evolution
and Practice for Nigerian Students in TVE and Adult Education, Policy Makers &
Practitioners.
 Ekwue, K.C. & Eluro, D.C. (2002). Business Education for industry. The SIWES
Experience.

 Business Education Journal, 11(5), 9-14.

 ITF (1973). Policy Document No 1. Industrial Training Fund, Jos, Nigeria.

 Oyenuga, V. O. (2011). Simplified Reinforced Concrete design, (2nd ed.), chapters 3 - 7.

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