සියලුම හිමිකම්ඇවිරිණි [All Rights Reserved] AL/2023/04-S-I-II

මමම ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍රය නිසි අවසරයකින් ම ොරව මුද්‍රි ව මහෝ පිටපත් මකොට බො ගැනීම සපුරො හනම්

FINAL PAPER 01 - ESSAY

.Kl hka;% Ndú;hg bvfokq fkd,efí

(g = 10Nkg −1 )

m% Yak 4lg muKla ms<s;r

= e imhkak'

^05& ìialgs ksIamdok wdh;khl ìialgs ksmoùu ioyd Ndú; lrk hka;%h my; mßos fõ
fojk m%d:ñl p,s;
B m:h C
msá .=,sh Q

P m<uq m%d:ñl p,s;

m:h

(a) hka;%h Uiafia tk msá .=,s m%:ufhka m<uq

m%d:ñl p,s; m:fhys A ,laIH fj; m;s; jk
w;r miq tajd m:h yd oDvj iïnkaO ù B
lrd p,s; fjhs. m<uq m%d:ñl m:fhys P
is,skavrh iïnkaê; ^oKav& ksh; 𝜔1 fldaKsl
m%fõ.fhka N%uKh jk nj i,lkak.

P is,skavrh

oKav

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සියලුම හිමිකම්ඇවිරිණි [All Rights Reserved] AL/2023/04-S-I-II

(i) is,skavrfhys úIalïNh D jk nj i,ld tys f¾Çh iam¾YSh m%fõ.h ioyd m%ldYkhla
,nd.kak.

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(ii) is,skavrfhys wlaIh jgd wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh 𝑀𝑟2 nj i, lkak 𝑀 hkq is,skavrfhys ialkaOh
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jk w;r by; m%ldYkfhys r hkq is,skavrfhys wrh fõ. is,skavrfhys N%uK pd,l
Yla;sh ioyd m%ldYkhla M,D yd 𝜔1 weiqßka ,nd.kak.

(b) (i) by; m%d:ñl p,s; m:h lssisÿ yels,Sulska f;drj wLKavj p,s; ùug kï by; i¾jiu
is,skavr (P yd Q) 2 ys fldaKsl m%fõ. w;r iñnkaOh l=ulao@
(ii) by; mßosu m:h p,s;h isÿùug kï yd fuysoS Q is,skavrfhys wrh P ys w.fhka
w¾Ohlao Q ys fldaKsl m%fõ.h 𝜔2 o úg 𝜔2 ioyd m%ldYkhla 𝜔1 wdY%fhka ,nd.kak.
(iii) P yd Q is,skavr i¾jiu kï A ys m;s; jk msá .=,shla B olajd p,s; ùug .;jk
ld,h t jk ioyd m%ldYkhla 𝜔1 , 𝐷, 𝐻 yd 𝑙 weiqßka ,nd.kak. m;s; jQ jydu msá .=,sho
m:fhys m%fõ.hgu m;ajk nj Wml,amkh lrkak .

(iv) 𝜔1 = 40𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠 −1 , 𝐷 = 10𝑐𝑚, o 𝑙 = 80𝑐𝑚 o ℎ = 60𝑐𝑚 o nj i,ld 𝑡 ys w.h

fidhkak.

(c) fojk m%d:ñl p,s; m:fhaoS wod< msá .=,s is,skavrdldr

yevhlg mßj¾;kh jk w;r miqj tu mssá is,skavr
oaú;shsl moaO;sh fj; ths. th my; mßos fjhs.

msá is,skavrh

/ojqï jHqyh
H = 80 cm

30°

D E
(i) is,skavrh C ys § ksYap,;djfhka p,s;h wrUhs kï >¾IKh rys; m:fhys 𝐷 lrd meñfKk
úg is,skavrfhys m%fõ.h ,nd.kak ' is,skavrfhys ialkaOh M yd wrh a o fjhs.
(ii) wdk; ;,hg iudka;rj msá is,skavrfhys f¾Çh ;ajrKh fidhkak .

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සියලුම හිමිකම්ඇවිරිණි [All Rights Reserved] AL/2023/04-S-I-II

(iii) 𝑀 = 10𝑔 Yd 𝑎 = 3𝑐𝑚 o jk w;r DE hkq >¾IKh iys; m:hls. /ojqï jHqyh yd .efgk
fudfyd; úg is,skavrfhys m%fõ.h 𝐷 ysoS w.fhka w¾Ohla fjhs kï is,skavrh u; l%shd l<
>¾IK jHdj¾;h ksid ydks jQ Yla;sh fidhkak

(d) /ojqï jHqyfhys jeoS is,skavr ksYap, jk w;r taldldr is,skavrh i¾jiu ìialá 10 yd lmkq
,nhs. is,skavrfhys os. 5𝑐𝑚 jk nj i,lkak.

(i) ìialÜ tll wlaIh jgd wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh fidhkak .

(ii) WmlrKfhka .s,sfyk ìialÜ 1 la fmdf<dfjys isg 1m la Wi ;,hl isg ;srig 60° la wdk;
;,hl fmrf<ñka ths kï ;,h mduq, oS th i;= N%uK yd W;a;drK pd,l Yla;Ska fjk
fjku ,nd.kak . (ksYap,j p,s;h wrUk nj .kak .)

^06& (a) èjksfha § yuqjk fvdma,¾ wdprKh f,i ye¢kafjkafka l=ulao@

O ksYap, ksÍlaIlfhl= foig iDcq ud¾.hla Tiafia S ,laISh èjks m%Njhla 𝑢 taldldr fõ.fhka .uka
lrkqfha f ixLHd;hla ksl=;a lrñks' jd;h ;=, èjks m%fõ.h 𝑣 fõ′ (𝑣 > 𝑢)
(i) ;rx. fmruqKq j, iajNdjh olajñka ksÍlaIlhd i|yd oDYH ;rx. wdhduhg m%ldYkhla
,nd.kak'
(ii) ksÍlaIlhd tu yË Y%jKh lrkafka l=uk ixLHd;hlskao@
(iii) m%Njh ksÍlaIlhd miqlr hk úg ksÍlaIlhd Y%jKh lrk k<d yfå ixLHd;fha isÿjk fjki
i|yd m%ldYkhla ,nd.kak '

(b) oeka m%Njh my; rEmfha oelafjk mßÈ wrh 5m jk jD;a;dldr

m:hl 5ms)1 fõ.fhka .uka lrkqfha ish k,dj 300Hz Yíohla
ksl=;a lrk mßÈ yඬ kxjñks' ksÍlaIlhd m:fha flakao%fha isà'
(i) θ } 600 msysgqfï § ksÍlaIlhd Y%jKh lrk k,d yfå ixLHd;h
fldmuKo@ ^jd;h ;=, èjks ;rx. fõ.h 340ms)1&
(ii) tkhska A isg B olajd jD;a;dldr m:h Tiafia m%Njh .uka lrk úg§ θ wkqj ksÍlaIlhd
Y%jKh lrkq ,nk k<d yfå ixLHd;fha úp,kh m%ia;dr.; lrkak'

(c) ksÍlaIlhd 𝑂 msysgqfuka u|la bÈßhg meñK P msysgqfï ksYap,j isák wjia:djla my; rEmfha oelafõ'
(i) m%Njh C isg D msysgqï j, mj;sk úg ksÍlaIlhd Y%jKh lrk
k<d yfå ixLHd;h fldmuKo@
(ii) A isg B olajd m%Njh .uka lrk úg k<d yfå oDYH ixLHd;h
fjkiajk whqre o< igykl we| olajkak' C
(d) èjks m%Njh by; b ^ii& fldgfia i|yka jD;a;dldr m:fha ksYap,j
mj;sk úg ksÍlaIlhd Y%jKh lrk k<d yfå ;Sj%;d uÜgu
100dB fõ' ^Y%jH;d foay,sh = 1 × 10 −12 𝑊𝑚−2 &
(i) m%Njfha laIu;djh ks¾Kh lrkak'
(ii) ksÍlaIlhd yd m%Njh w;r ÿr 10m jk wjia:djl ksÍlaIlhd Y%jkh lrk k<d yfå ;Sj%;d
uÜgu .Kkh lrkak'

07& ^I& (a) >¾IK n,h yd ÿiai%dù n,h idfmalaI p,s;hg úreoaOj l%shdlrhs' fuu n, j, tla
iudk;djla yd wiudk;djla ,shkak'
(b) .,d hk øjhl wkqhd; ia:r folla w;r m%;Hd n,h ^σ& my; iólrKfhka fokq ,efí'
v } ia:r j, m%fõ. fjki
x } ia:r w;r mr;rh
ƞ𝑣
𝜎= 𝑥 ƞ } øjh i|yd ksh;hls'

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සියලුම හිමිකම්ඇවිරිණි [All Rights Reserved] AL/2023/04-S-I-II

ƞ j, udk fidhkak'
,E,a,la u; iam¾YSh n,hla fh§fuka th 2ms)1 l ksh; fõ.fhka p,kh lsÍug
i,iajd we;' fmdl=K 1m taldldr .eUqrlska hqla; jk w;r fmdl=K m;=f,a iam¾Yj we;s
c, ia:rh ksYap, fõ' ,E,a, by; fõ.fhka mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd fhÈh hq;= iam¾YSh
n,h fidhkak' ^§ we;s WIaK;ajfha§ c,fha ÿiai%dù;d ix.=Klh 10−3 𝑁𝑠𝑚−2 f,i .kak&

^II& (a& ÿiai%dù o%jhla ;=<ska my,g jefgk f.da,hla i|yd my; § we;s wjia:dj,§ f.da,h u;
l%shd lrk n, ,l=Kq lrkak'
^i& f.da,h iïmq¾Kfhkau .s,ajd ksoyia l, fudfydf;a§
^ii& f.da,h wdka; m%fõ.hg m;ajQ miq

(b) by; a& ^ii& wjia:dj i|yd f.da,h u; n, ksremKh flfrk iólrKh ,shkak '
(c) ^i& wdka; m%fõ.hg jvd jeä fõ.hlska o%j mDIaGh u;g isriaj my,g m%lafIamKh
l< wjia:djl f.da,fha p,s;h úia;r lrkak'
^ii& ld,h bÈßfha f.da,fha m%fõ.h i|yd m%ia;drhla w¢kak'
(d) øjhla wvx.= gexlshlg øj mDIaGhg h Wil§ .=re;ajh hgf;a ksoyia lrkq ,nk wrh
1 x 10−4 m yd >k;ajh 104 kgm)3 f.da,hla gexlsh ;=,g jeàug i,iajkq ,efí ' f.da,h
øjh ;=,g jegqKq miq tys fõ.h fjkia fkdfõ' ^øjfha ÿiai%dù;d ix.=Klh 9.8 x 10−3 Nsm)2
yd øjfha >k;ajh 1200 𝑘𝑔𝑚−3 fõ'&

^i& f.da,h o%j mDIaGfha jÈk fõ.h i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'

^ii& øjh ;=<ska .uka lrk f.da,fha wdka; m%fõ.h fidhkak'
^iii& h ys w.h fidhkak' ^f.da,h o%jhg we;=,a ùfï§ Yla;s ydkshla isÿ fkdjqk nj
Wml,amkh lrkak'&

^08& (a) pkao%sldjla iy pkao%hd hk folu mD:súh jgd

mßN%uKh jk jia;+ka fõ' tfy;a pkao%sldj ;=,
isákafkl=g nr fkdoefkk kuq;a pkao%hd u;=msg
isákafkl=g nr oefka' fuhg fya;=j meyeÈ,s
lrkak'

(b& i) mD:sú mDIaGhg wdikak jQ llaIhl llaI.; jQ

pkao%sldjla mD:sú .=re;ajdl¾IK n,fhka uqojd
heùug wjYH wu;r m%fõ.h i|yd m%ldYkhla"
mD:sú mDIaGh u; .=re;ajc ;ajrKh g iy
mD:sú wrh R weiqfrka ,nd .kak' mD:súfha wrh
R } 6400 km o g } 10 ms)2 o kï by;
wu;r m%fõ.h .Kkh lrkak'

ii& tu pkao%sldj mD:sú .=re;ajdl¾IKfhka ñfok úg hk .uka m:h we| olajkak'

(c& pkao%sldjla" mD:súh jgd wrh a ^> R& jk jD;a;dldr ud¾.hl 𝑉𝑜 fõ.fhka mßN%uKh fõ'
5−2
pkao%sldjg idfmalaIj ^√ 2 & 𝑉𝑜 fõ.fhka pkaøsldfõ isg pkaøsldfõ .uka ÈYdjg wxY=jla
m%lafIamkh lrhs'

i& tu jia;=fõ fmdf<djg idfmalaI m%fõ.h 𝑢 kï" 𝑢 i|yd m%ldYkhla i¾j;% .=re;ajdl¾IK
ksh;h G" mD:sú ialkaOh M yd a weiqfrka ,nd .kak'
ii& fuu fudfydf;a by; jia;=j u m%fõ.fhka fmdf<dfõ flakao%fha isg a ÿßka msysgk w;r
wk;=rej p,s;fha § th mD:sú flakao%fha isg r kï Wmßu ÿrlg <.d jQ úg tys fõ.h V hehs
.ksuq' fuu msysgqï fol i|yd fldaKsl .uH;d ixia:s;s kshuh fhÈh yels kï V i|yd
m%ldYkhla a" r iy u u.ska ,nd .kak'
iii& fuu jia;=j p,kh jk m%foaYfha jd; m%;sfrdaOh fkdi,ld yeßh yels hehs i,ld by; wjia:d

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සියලුම හිමිකම්ඇවිරිණි [All Rights Reserved] AL/2023/04-S-I-II

fol i|yd Yla;s ixia:s;s kshuh weiqfrka r i|yd w.hka folla we;s nj fmkajd tu w.hka
fol a weiqfrka ,nd .kak'

^09& ^a& P rEmfha fmkajd we;af;a È. l ne.ska jQo wrhka ms<sfj,ska a yd A jQo tlu m%;sfrdaOl;djh ^ρ& o
we;s X yd Y is,skavr f,day fldgia 2ls'

^i& X yd Y ys m%;sfrdaOhka i|yd iïnkaO;djka fjk fjku ,shd olajkak'

𝝆𝒍 𝟏 𝟏
^ii& tkhska ixhqla; lïìfha iul m%;sfrdaOh ( + ) nj fmkajkak.
𝝅 𝑨𝟐 𝒂𝟐

^b&

Q rEmfha fmkajd we;s wdldrhg yrialv a jQ yd È. 2l jQ fmr f,dayhu Ndú;d lr iEÿ Z

lïìh iïnkaO lr we;'

𝟐𝝆𝒍 𝑨𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐
(i) kj moaO;sfha iul m%;sfrdaOh ( ) nj fmkajkak.
𝝅𝒂𝟐 𝟑𝑨𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐
(ii) fuu moaO;shg I Odrdjla iemhQ úg tla tla YdLdjka yryd .,k Odrd I weiqfrka
fidhkak'
(iii) I = 5A o l = 2m yd lïì j, úIalïN 4mm yd 8mm kï fjda,aÜógrfha mdGdxlh
fidhkak'
^ρ = 1.32 x10-6 Ωm&
(iv) fuu .Kkh lsÍfï § Wmfhda.S lr.;a Wml,amk 2la i|yka lrkak'
(v) moaO;sfhka ;dmh W;ai¾ckh ùfï iS>%;djh fidhkak'

^10& ^i& ;dm ikakdhl;dj w¾: olajkak'

^ii& fmg%,a fudag¾ r: tkaðul l%shdldÍ;ajh my;
wdldrhg isÿfõ'
tys jQ msiagkhla u.ska jd;h laIKslj iïmSvkh lr
bkaOk j, Êj,k wxlh jk 3500C WIaK;ajhg m;a
lrhs' bkamiq tu r;ajQ jd;hg bkaOk jdIam tlalr
iajhx oyk l%shdjla isÿ lrhs'
tys§ m%idrKh jk jd;h u.ska msiagkh my;a lrhs'
bkamiq tu oeú jd;h bj;a fõ' fuúg hï ;dm
m%udKhla tkaðfï ì;a;s j,g ,eîfuka tys wNHka;r ì;a;s j, WIaK;ajh 1800C g m;afõ'
tkaðfï ì;a;s jgd we;s c,h ixirKh lrk moaO;shla we;s w;r ì;a;s ;=<ska ;dmh ikakhkh ùu
ksid tu c,fha WIaK;ajh 800C g m;afõ' tfia 800C g r;ajQ c,h f¾äfhagrh ^Radiator& ^úlsrlh&
;=<§ 300C WIaK;ajh olajd isis,a lr kej; is,skavrh jgd we;s c,hg tl;= lrhs'

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සියලුම හිමිකම්ඇවිරිණි [All Rights Reserved] AL/2023/04-S-I-II

i jd;h laIKslj iïmSvkh jk úg tys WIaK;ajh by< hk wdldrh ;dm.;s úoHdj wkqj meyeÈ,s
lrkak'

ii 800C § tkaðfï ì;a;s yryd ;dmh .,d iS>%;dj fldmuKo?

ì;a;s j, iM, j¾.M,h } 6'25 x 10 −2 m2
ì;a;s >klu } 0'5 cm
tu f,dayfha ;dm ikakdhl;dj } 2 Wm-1K-1
iii tu ì;a;s j,g msg;ska we;s c,fha WIaK;ajh 800C mj;ajd .ekSug ta i|yd 300C c,h iemhsh
hq;= iS>%;dj fldmuKo? ^c,fha ú' ;d' Od' } 4000 Jkg-1K- 1&
iv f¾äfhagrh wjg mßir WIaK;ajh 200C ys mj;ajd .ekSug mxldjla Ndú;d lrhs' f¾äfhagrh ;=<
c,fha WIaK;ajh 300C ys mj;ajd .ekSug f¾äfhagrhg ;sìh hq;= wju j¾.M,h fldmuKo?
f¾äfhagrfha úfudapl;dj } 0'8 Wm-2K-1
v mxldfõ fõ.h wvq ùu ksid f¾äfhagrh wjg WIaK;ajh 300C g m;ajqfha kï l=ula isÿ fõo?
meyeÈ,s lrkak'