Fldgi

2B fldgi
m%Yak ;=klg muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'

05. (𝐴) mqoa.,fhl+g laIKslj weiqK Yíoh wd foi yeÍ ne¨fõh'tu l%shdj,sh iòyd jeo.;ajQ
wjhjla my; rEmfha oelafõ
(i) th udkj iakdhq moaO;sfha ljr fldgig wh;a fõo@
(ii) fuh jgd we;s uIa;sIal iqIqïkd ;r,fhka bgqjk
lD;Hhka folla olajkak'
(iii) by; isÿùu yd iïnkaO W;af;ach yd ldrlh kï lrkak'
(iv) mqoa.,hdg tu Yíoh weiqK miq th lquk Yíohlaoehs yÿkd
.ekSu ioyd Tyqg WmldÍ jQ fldgi A.B.C w;ßka l=ulao@
(v) by; iv ys iòyka fldgi yer b;sß fldgia foflka bgqjk lD;Hh ne.ska olajkak'
(𝐵) csùka i;= wdfõKsl ,CIK wxY+uh idOl úfYaIhla Tiafia mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg
iïfm%aIKh jk nj fukav,a kï úoHd{hd wkdjrKh lr.kakd ,os'
fukav,af.a mÍCIK i|yd fhdod.;a uE Ydlhl meje;s j¾K foay hq.,hla
my;ska ksremKh fldg we;' tys 𝑇, 𝑡, 𝐺, 𝑔, 𝑅, 𝑟 wCIr u.ska cdk
ixfla;j;a fldg we;'
(i) cdkhla hkq l=ula o@
(ii) rEm igykska ksrEmkh fldg we;s wdldrfha j¾K foay hq.,
y÷kajk ku l=ula o@
(iii)uE Ydl j, rjqï îc m%uqL ,CIKh jk w;r re<s .eiqk îc ks,Sk ,CIKh fõ' tla;rd
uE Ydl folla w;r fouqyqulska ,enqK B,`. uE Ydl mrïmrdfõ (𝐹1 ) úIu hq.aul rjqï
îc ork yd iu hq.aul /<s .eiqKq îc ork Ydl w;r wkqmd;h 1: 1 jqfha kï fouqyu
q g
fhdod.;a Ydl foflys m%fõKs o¾Y i|yka lrkak'
(𝐶) wKaùCI ;=,ska muKla meyeos,sj oelsh yels jHqyhka lsysmhl rEm igyka my;ska olajd we;'
(i) my;ska oS we;s úia;rhg jvd;a .e,fmk jHqyfha wCIrh
i|yka lrkak'
(a) bf,lafg%dak wKaùCIhla ;=,ska muKla oelsh yels jHqyh
oelafjk wCIrh
(b) cSúfhl= f,i l%shd lrk jHqyh $jHqyhka oelafjk wCIrh
$ wCIr olajkak'
(ii) my; olajd we;s igyk u.ska cSúka j¾.slrKh lrk ,nk uQ,sl ldKav 03 olajd we;'
cSùka
𝑋 wdlshd ^ldKavh& 𝑌 𝑍
(a) 𝑌 yd 𝑍 u.ska oelafjk cSùka ldKav kï lrkak'

( (b) by; 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 jHqy w;ßka 𝑋 yd 𝑌 yd 𝑍 ldKav hgf;a j¾. l< yels jHqy j,
wCIr i|yka lrkak'
01
06. (𝐴) úúO wdldrj,ska idok ,o ødjK lsysmhla my; olajd we;'
𝑃 − ¨Kq (𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙)30𝑔 c,h 170𝑔 ;=< oshlsÍu'
𝑄 − 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 20𝑔 c,fha oshlr ødjKh 1000𝑐𝑚3 iEosu'
𝑅 − .%Sia iaj,amhla N+ñf;,a ;=< oshlsßu'
𝑆 − 20℃ ys oS" 𝐾2 𝑆𝑂4 12 𝑔 c,h 100𝑔 la ;=< oshlr ix;Dma; ødjKhla iEosu'
𝑇 − c,Sh whãka ia;rhlg ihslaf,dfylafiaka oeÍu'
(i) 𝑃 ys ixhq;sh ialkaO Nd.hla f,i m%ldY lrkak'
(ii) 𝑄 ødjKh ms<sfh, lsÍfï oS my; i|yka ld¾hhka i|yd Ndú;dlrk úoHd.dr
WmlrKh kï lrkak'
𝑎 − ialkaOh ksjerosj lsrd .ekSug 𝑏 − ma,dial=j ;=<g ødjH yd ødjlh oeóug'
(iii) 𝑆 wjia:djg wod,j 𝐾2 𝑆𝑂4 ys ødjH;djh fldmuK o@
(iv) 𝑇 wjia:djg wod,j ñY%Kj, ix>gl fjkalsÍfï Ys,amsh l%uh l=ula o@
(𝐵) Y%S ,xldj ;=, ¨Kq ksIamdok l%shdj,sh iòyd my; mshjr wkq.ukh flf¾'
Uqyqÿ c,h fkd.eUqre uOHia: l=vd

;gdlh ;gdlh ;gdlh
(i) fuu ksIamdok l%shdj,sh yeoskafjkafka flfiao@

(ii) ¨Kq f,ajdhla ;ekS = idOl folla ,shkake' ;gdlh
fïoS ie,ls,su;aúh hqe;;gdlh
e ;gdlh
(iii) fkd.eUqre ;gdlfha iy uOHia: ;gdlfha ;ekam;ajk ,jK j¾. fol
ms<sfj,ska ,shkak'
(𝐶) w,amdï,sl c,h úoHq;a úÉfcaokh lrk wegjqula my; rEmfha
oelafõ'
(i) 𝐴 yd 𝐵 w;ßka wefkdavh yd lef;davh kï lrkak'
(ii) 𝑌 f,i tla/iajk jdhqj l=ula o@
(iii) fuu jdhqj yÿkd.ekSug ir, mÍlaIKhla yd
tysoS oelsh yels ksÍlaIKhla ,shkak'
07. (𝐴) W;a;, ldphla w;a ldphla f,i fhdod.kakd wjia:djl wiïmQ¾K lsrK igykla my;
oelafõ'
(i) fuu lsrK igyk Tfí ms,s;=re m;%fha we| iïmQ¾K lrkak'
(ii) by; 𝑂 jia;=j (𝐹) kdNsh yd kdNs ÿr fuka fo.=Khla
F 0 F
(2𝐹) w;r jia;=j ;enqúg we;sjk m%;sìïNfha ,CIK
folla ,shkak'
(iii) by; rEmfha jia;=j tu msysgqfï ;sìh oSu W;a;, ldpfha kdNsÿrg iudk wj;,
o¾mKhla tys mrdj¾;k mDIaGh jia;=j me;a;g fhduqjk fia ;nk ,oafoa kï we;sjk
m%;sìïNfha ,CIK 2la ,shkak'
(iv) wj;, o¾mK tosfkod cSú;fha oS fhdod .kakd wjia:d 2la ,shkak' 02
(𝐵) c,h le<ôu ksid we; s jQ c, ;rx.hla 𝑥 = 2𝑚
rEmfha oelafõ' tu ;rx.h we;sùug .;
𝑦 = 1𝑚
jQ ld,h ;;amr 0.3 ls'
(i) tu ;rx.fha ixLHd;h fidhkak'
(ii) tu ;rx.fha ;rx. wdhduh yd úia;drh ms<sfj,ska i|yka lrkak'
(iii) c, ;rx.fha ;rx. fõ.h fidhkak'
(𝐶) ;dm Odß;dj 200 𝐽℃−1 jk we¨ñkshï Ndckhl c,h 500𝑔 la wvx.= j we;' c,fha
ú';d'Od 4200 𝐽𝑘𝑔−1 ℃−1 fõ'
(i) c,h iy we¨ñkshï Ndckfha WIaK;ajh 30℃ isg 100℃ olajd by< kexùug
wjYH ;dm m%udKh fidhkak'
(ii) Ndckfha we;s c,h r;a lsÍug fhdod.;a ;dmk M,lhg 230𝑉 úNj wka;rhla
imhd we;s w;r th ;=,ska 4𝐴 Odrdjla .uka lrhs kï tys CIu;djh .Kkh
lrkak'
(iii) tu ;dmk M,lh u.ska c,h iys; Ndckh r;a lsÍu i|yd .; jQ ld,h fidhkak'
(iv) tu c,h r;a lsÍu i|yd ;dmk M,lhlg jvd .s,ajqï ;dmlhla fhdod.ekSu iqÿiq
nj isiqfjla mjihhs' thg fya;=j l=ula úh yels o@
08. (𝐴) my; rEm igyka j, olajd we;af;a wdydrhg .kq ,nk Ydl fldgia lsysmhls'
A B C D
(i) by; Ydl fldgia ish,af,kau bgqjk fmdÿ ld¾hhla i|yka lrkak'
(ii) by; 1 m%Yakfhka úuik fmdÿ ld¾hhg wu;rj 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 fldgia j,ska bgqjk
fjk;a fmdÿ lD;H 02 i|yka lrkak'
(iii) 𝐴 yd 𝐷 Ydlhl l=uk uQ,sl fldgilg wh;a jkafka oehs i|yka lrkak'
(iv) udkj m%ckkfha tla;rd wjia:djla rEmfha olajd we;'
a. 𝑃 yd 𝑄 f,i olajd we;s ckaudkq j¾. fol ms<sfj,ska
i|yka lrkak'
b. rEmfhka olajd we;s udkj m%ckkfha wjia:dj y÷kajk
ku i|yka lrkak'
c. by; rEmfhka olajd we;s wjia:dfjka miq udkj m%ckkfha wjia:d yd l%shdj,s
lsysmhla my; wiïmQ¾K .e,Sï igyfka ksrEmkh fldg we;'
𝑋 → fudre,dj → 𝑌
fuys 𝑥 j,ska olafjk wjia:dj yd 𝑦 j,ska oelafjk l%shdj,sh
y÷kajk kï i|yka lrkak
03
01
(𝑩) 𝑹 m%;sfrdaOlh fofl<jr úNj wka;rh yd Odrdj uekSu i|yd ilia l< mßm:hla
rEmfha oelafõ' Y
R
(i) tys 𝑋 yd 𝑌 WmlrK kï lrkak'
(ii) fuys fldaI iïnkaO lr we;s l%uh flfia y÷kajhs o@ X
S
(iii) fuu l%shdldrlfï oS mdGdxl ,nd.kakd iEu wjia:djloSu
iaúÉÑh újD; lr u|fõ,djla isg kej; iaúÉÑh ixjD; lr mdGdxl ,nd.; hq;=h'
thg fya;=j l=ula o@
(iv) fuu l%shdldrlfï oS Odrdjg tosßj úNj wka;rh m%ia:dr.; l<úg ,efnk m%ia;drfha
o< yevh w|skak'
(v) by; l%shdldrlfuka ,efnk m%;sM, weiqfrka bosßm;a l< yels kshuh kï lr tu
kshuh ,shd olajkak'
09. (𝐴) ridhksl m%;sl%shdjla wdY%S; ;dm úm¾hdihla my; Yla;s igykska oelafõ'
Yla;sh
(i) fuu m%;sl%shdj ;dm odhlo $ ;dm wjfYdaIl oehs i|yka lr
𝑘𝐽 m%%;sl%shl
tu ms<s;=rg fya;=j i|yka lrkak'
(ii) 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4(𝑎𝑞) + 𝑀𝑔(𝑠) → 𝑀𝑔𝑆𝑂4(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻2(𝑔)
by; ridhksl m%;sl%shdfõ ;dm úm¾hdih ksÍlaIKh M,
i|yd mÍCIKhla ie,iqï lrk ,os' tysos ;kql 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 50𝑐𝑚3

uekf.k thg 𝑀𝑔 má 2𝑔 tlalrk ,os'
(a) Ndú;hg fmr ue.akSishï máh iïnkaOj .;hq;= w;HjYH l%shdud¾. l=ula o@
(b) 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 ;=,g 𝑀𝑔 má tlalsÍfï oS ,efnk ksÍCIKhla ,shkak'
(iii) úoHd.dr Ndú;h yer 𝑀𝑔 f,dayh yd 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 wï,h m%fhdackj;a f,i Ndú;d lrk
wjia:djla ne.ska ,shkak'
(𝐵) pqïnl fCIa;h
% la ;=< thg ,ïnlj ;enq ikakdhlhla by<g p,kh lrk wdldrh
my; rEmfha oelafõ'
(i) tu ikakdhlh ;=< úoHq;a Odrdj fm%arKh
jkafka 𝐴 isg 𝐵 osYdjgo ke;fyd;a 𝐵 isg 𝐴 osYdjg o@
(ii) tfia Odrdfõ osYdj fidhd .ekSug Tng WmldÍ jQ
kS;sh kï lrkak'
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) by; ikakdhlh ;=< fm%arKh jk úoHq;a .dul n,fha úYd,;ajh ;SrKh lrk
idOl 2 la ,shkak'
(𝑖𝑣) by; úoHq;a pqïnl fm%arK uq, O¾uh fhod .ksñka úÿ,sh ksmoùu i|yd ksmojd
we;s WmlrKh kï lrkak'
(𝑣) tu WmlrKh u.ska ksojk úoHq;a Odrdfõ yevh m%ia:drhl olajkak'
(𝑣) (𝑖𝑣) ys Tn i|yka l< WmlrKh u.ska ksmojk fjd,aàh;djh 6𝑉 ls' m%d:ñl
o`.rfha fmdgj,a ixLHdj 200 la jk wêlrK mßKdulhlg tu fjda,aàh;djh imhd
we;s úg oaú;shsl o`.rfhka 240𝑉 ,nd .ekSu i|yd oaú;shsl o`.rfha ;sìh hq;= fmdgj,a
ixLHdj .Kkh lrkak' 04
01

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2B fldgi

m%Yak ;=klg muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'

(a) 𝑌 yd 𝑍 u.ska oelafjk cSùka ldKav kï lrkak'

Uqyqÿ c,h fkd.eUqre uOHia: l=vd

(i) fuu ksIamdok l%shdj,sh yeoskafjkafka flfiao@

i|yd mÍCIKhla ie,iqï lrk ,os' tysos ;kql 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 50𝑐𝑚3

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