RAY OPTICS (HOLIDAY HW)

1. When monochromatic light travels from a rarer to denser medium, explain the following, giving
reasons.

(i) Is the frequency of reflected and refracted ray same as the frequency of incident light?
(ii) Does the decrease in speed imply a reduction in the energy carried by light wave?

2. Show analytically from the lens equation that when the object is at the principal focus, the image
is formed at infinity.

3. A magician during a show makes a glass lens n = 1.47 disappear in a trough of liquid. What is the
refractive index of the liquid? Could the liquid be water?

4. A tank is filled with water to a height of 12.5 cm. The apparent depth of a needle lying at the
bottom of the tank is measured by a microscope to be 9.4 cm. What is the refractive index of
water? If water is replaced by a liquid of refractive index 1.63 upto the same height, by what
distance will the microscope have to be moved to focus on the needle again?

5. What should be the position of the object relative to the biconcave lens, so that this lens behaves
like a magnifying glass?

6. Calculate the radius of curvature of an equi-concave lens of refractive index 1.5, when it is kept
in a medium of refractive index 1.4, to have a power of -5D.

7. An equi-concave lens of focal length ‘f’ is cut into two equal halves in thickness. What is the
focal length of each half?

8. What is the focal length of convex lens of focal length 30 cm in contact with a concave lens of
focal length 20cm? Is this system a converging or diverging lens? Ignore thickness of the lenses.

9. The figure shows a ray of light falling normally on the face AB of an equilateral glass prism
having refractive index 3/2, placed in water of refractive index 4/3. Will this ray suffer total
internal reflection on striking the face AC. Justify your answer.
10. A ray PQ incident normally on the refractive face BA is refracted in the prism BAC made of
material of refractive index 1.5. Complete the path of rays through the prism.

From which face will the ray emerge? Justify your answer.

11. An equilateral glass prism has a refractive index 1.6 in air. Calculate the angle of minimum
deviation of the prism, when kept in a medium of refractive index (4√2)/5.

12. Explain two advantages of a reflecting telescope over a refracting telescope.

13. Small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 144 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 6
cm. What is the magnifying power of the telescope? What is the separation between the objective
and the eyepiece?

14. Define power of a lens. Write its units. Deduce the relation for two thin lenses kept in contact
coaxially.

15. A symmetric bi-concave lens of radius of curvature R and made of glass of refractive index 1.5,
is placed on a layer of liquid placed on top of a plane mirror as shown in the figure below.

An optical needle with its top tip on the principal axis of the lens is moved along the axis until it’s
real and inverted image coincides with the needle itself. The distance of the needle from the lens is
measured to be ‘x’.

On removing the liquid layer and repeating the experiment the distance is found to be ‘y’. Obtain
the expression for the refractive index of the liquid in terms of ‘x’ and ‘y’.
16. State the condition of total internal reflection. Refractive indices of the given prism material for
red, blue and green colours are 1.39, 1.48 and 1.42 respectively. Trace the path of rays through the
prism.

17. A ray of light incident on the face AB of an isosceles triangle prism makes an angle of incidence
‘i’ and deviates by angle as shown in the figure. Show that in the position of minimum deviation
∠β=∠α. Also find out the condition, when the refracted ray QR suffers total internal reflection.

18. (i) A ray of light incident of face AB of an equilateral glass prism, shows minimum deviation of
30o. Calculate the speed of light through the prism.

(ii) Find the angle of incidence at face AB, so that the emergent ray grazes along the face AC.

19. An optical instrument uses and optic objective lens of power 100 D and an eyepiece of power
40 D. The final image is formed at Infinity when the tube length of instrument is kept at 20 cm.
Identify the optical instrument. Calculate the angular magnification produced by the instrument.
27. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the near point adjustment
position. A giant refracting telescope at an observatory has an objective lens of focal length 15 m
and an eyepiece of focal length 1 cm. If this telescope is used to view the moon, find the diameter
of the image of the moon formed by the objective lens. The diameter of the moon is 3.48 x 10 6 m
and the radius of lunar orbit is 3.8 x 108 m.

28. (i) A point object ‘O’ is kept in a medium of refractive index n1 in front of convex spherical
surface of radius of curvature ‘R’ with separates the second medium of refractive index n 2 from the
first as shown in the figure.

Draw the ray diagram showing the image formation and reduce the relationship between the
object distance and image distance in terms of n1, n2 and R.

(ii) When the image formed above acts as a virtual object for concave spherical surface separating
the medium n2 from n1 (n2>n1), draw this ray diagram and write the similar (similar to (i)) relation.
Hence, obtain the expression for the lens makers formula.

2. (i) Define the term focal length of a mirror. With the help of a ray diagram, obtain the relation
between its focal length and radius of curvature.

(ii) Calculate the angle of emergence (e) of the ray of light incident normally on the face AC of a
glass prism ABC of refractive index √3. How will the angle of emergence change qualitatively, if the
ray of light images from the prism into a liquid of refractive index 1.3 instead of air?

3. (i) Under what condition is the phenomenon of total internal reflection of light observed? Obtain
the relation between the critical angle of incidence and the refractive index of the medium.

(ii) Three lenses of focal length +10 cm, -10 cm and +30 cm are arranged coaxially as in the figure
given below. Find the position of the final image formed by the combination.
4. (i) Two thin lenses are placed coaxially and contact. Obtain the expression for the focal length of
this combination in terms of the focal length of the two lenses.

(ii) A converging lens of refractive index 1.5 has a power of 10 D when it is completely immersed in
a liquid it behaves as a diverging lens of focal length 15 cm find the refractive index of the liquid.

5. A ray PQ of light is incident on the face AB of a glass prism ABC and emerges out of the face AC.
Trace the path of the ray. Show that i + e = A + δ

where δ and e denote the angle of deviation and angle of emergence respectively. Plot a graph
showing the variation of angle of deviation as a function of angle of incidence. State the condition
under which ∠δ is minimum.

6. Define magnifying power of a telescope. Write its expression. A small telescope has an objective
lens of focal length 150 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 5 cm. If this telescope is used to view a
100 m high tower 3 km away, find the height of the final image, when it is formed 25 cm away
from the eyepiece.

7. Draw a ray diagram to show the working of a compound microscope. Deduce an expression for
the total magnification, when the final image is formed at the near point.

In a compound microscope, an object is placed at a distance of 1.5 cm from the objective of focal
length 1.25 cm. If the eyepiece has a focal length of 5 cm and the final image is formed at the near
point. Estimate the magnifying power of the microscope.

8. How is the working of a telescope different from that of a microscope? The focal length of
objective and eyepiece of a microscope at 1.25 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Find the position of the
object relative to the objective in order to obtain an angular magnification of 30 in normal
adjustment.

9. (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the image formation of a distant object by refracting
telescope.Deduce the expression for its magnifying power when the final image is formed at
infinity.

(ii) The sum of focal lengths of the two lenses of refracting telescope is 105 cm. The focal length of
one lens is 20 times that of the other. Determine the total magnification of telescope with the final
image is formed at infinity.