D’Allaird 1

Drew D’Allaird

Dr. Brian Larouere

SER 427 01: Exercise Science Senior Synthesis

9/23/23

1. Table 1: ACSM Risk Factors and Correlation to Client

Risk Factor Description of Risk Client Information Affected vs Not
affected

Age Men 45 years or Client is 37 years old Not affected

older
Women 55 years or
older

Family History Myocardial Infarction, Client does not have Not affected
Coronary any family history
revascularization, records showing
Sudden death in signs of early heart
immediate family disease
members younger
than age risk (Men
45, Women 55)

Cigarette Smoking Current cigarette Client does not Not Affected

smoker or have quit currently nor has
in the last six months. smoked cigarettes in
the past six months.

Physical Inactivity Needs to meet a Client does go on Not affected

minimum 500-1000 walks, hikes and ride
MET-min of moderate their bike as often as
to vigorous physical they can. Not sure if it
activity. is enough to be
considered physically
inactive or not.

BMI/ Waist BMI over 30kg*m-2 Client has 30.62 BMI Affected
Circumference or Waist girth over 88 and a waist
cm in women circumference of 92
cm. This is a risk
factor for the client.

Blood Pressure Systolic blood Client has only had Not Affected
pressure is over one reading of blood
130mmHg and pressure and it read
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Diastolic is over 126/82mmHg. This is

80mmHg. Based on not considered a risk
an average of 2 factor.
readings.

Lipids Cholesterol is over Not Disclosed N/A

200mg

Blood Glucose Does the client have Does not have Not affected
or have an immediate Diabetes
family member with
Diabetes.

Medical Clearance: Client did not need any type of Medical Clearance

Medications:

Health History: No pertinent health history. No previous illness or injury.

After Pre-Assessment: My client shared that she is very excited to learn about how to properly

exercise. My client learned that she does prefer to workout in the morning because if she goes

after work she is less motivated to go.

Clients Questions:

❖ How often will we do weight training?

➢ We will do about a 50/50 split of weight training and cardio but that is always

subject to change dependent on how you feel.

❖ Do we have to use the treadmill or can we use other forms of cardio?

➢ We will use the treadmill a couple times but if you do not like the treadmill than

we can change that out with either a walk around campus/McKenna, stairmaster,

the elliptical, or even the bike.

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Resting HR Score Percentile Rating

80 bpm

Explain/Interpret: Heart Rate is the number of times the heart contracts in one minute. The heart

will increase or decrease the number of times it contracts according to how much oxygen the

body needs. When going through intense activity, the heart rate will increase and while resting, it

will decrease. The resting heart rate for the client is about 80 bpm which does fall between the

normal range of 60-100 bpm.

Recommendations/Prescriptions: To decrease the heart rate, training the cardiovascular system

is recommended. Training the cardiovascular system by running, walking, biking or swimming

will help the body learn to increase the amount of oxygen combined with the blood per

contraction.

Resting Blood Pressure Score Rating

126/82 mmHg

Explain/Interpret: Blood pressure is the amount of pressure in the heart at the moments when

the heart is contracted and when it is relaxed. When the heat is contracted, that pressure is

called Systolic pressure and it is the top number. When it is relaxed, it is called Diastolic

pressure and it is the bottom number. A healthy blood pressure is considered a systolic

pressure under 130 bpm and a Diastolic under 80 bpm. Clients' diastolic blood pressure is a bit

high but nothing to raise concern nor make a change.

Recommendations/Prescriptions: The client does not need to make any changes to their

lifestyle or exercise routine since their blood pressure is still in a healthy range. Blood pressure

should decrease naturally with weight loss. Following the exercise prescription will help

decrease weight and lower blood pressure.

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Body Composition

Explain/Interpret:

Body Composition- The percentage of fat, muscle, and bone mass in the body of a

particular person.

Underweight- Considered to be underweight when BMI is lower than 18.5

Overweight- Someone with a BMI of 25-30.

Obesity- Considered to be obese when BMI is 30 and above.

Various tests are used due to the fact that each test is not 100% accurate. Using several tests

is the best way to find a true answer to the body composition of the client. Each test will receive

different answers based upon how the test is done. Body composition is important to my

client because they are trying to lose weight and while losing weight it is important to know how

much mass of muscle and fat is contained in their body.

❖ Height/Weight Score Suggested Weight Range

64 in/178lbs 145 lbs - 155 lbs

Explain/Interpret: This is the most common body composition test. It is used in everyday

life and used to calculate data for close to every other test that falls into the category of

body composition.
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❖ Body Mass Index(BMI) Score Percentile Rating

30

Explain/Interpret: This is calculated by a formula( kg/m^2). Also known as weight(kg)

divided by height(m) squared(height x height). Client is considered to be in the obese

category according to the BMI formula.

❖ Waist Circumference Score Percentile Rating

92cm

Explain/Interpret: This is done by first finding the smallest part between the breast bone

and the hips. Then, using a measuring tape, wrap it around the waist and mark what the

measurement says.

❖ BIA Score Percentile Rating

39% 1st percentile Very Poor

Explain/Interpret: This is done with a Bioelectrical Impedance scale or handheld device.

It will measure bone mass, muscle mass, and fat mass by sending an electrical current

through the body. It calculates fat percentage and muscle percentage in the body of the

client. Provides a more accurate answer than other tests.

❖ Skinfolds Score Percentile Rating

18%

Explain/Interpret: This is done by pinching certain parts of the body to get rolls of the skin

containing fat. This was done with the 7-site Pollock test which means there are seven parts of

the body that get marked, pinched and tested. Administrator was unable to get good pinches

and resulted in possibly poor results.

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Why do we use various sites: Various sites are used because the more sites used will

give a more accurate result. The Pollock 7-site test is normally used when doing a skinfold test

due to it giving accurate results.

Summary and recommendation/prescription: Focusing on both cardio along with

weight/resistance training will benefit the client. This will result in weight loss and improve body

composition.

Cardiovascular Fitness

Explain/Interpret:

Cardiovascular Fitness: This is best defined as the body’s ability to transport and

utilize oxygen, brought in by the lungs, during physical activity.

Maximal Oxygen Consumption(VO2 max): This is defined as the maximum

amount of oxygen a person can take in while they are performing an intense physical activity.

- Two tests were performed due to the fact that data off of one test may be skewed

or not as accurate. The Treadmill Walk Test does not involve as much intensity

as the YMCA Bike test. Finding the amount of oxygen consumption during both

tests will help provide more accurate results than if it was only one test done. It is

important to my client because they are not in a job that involves a lot of

movement. So they need to be able to be more active and not be out of breath

doing simple tasks like walking up a flight of stairs. My client likes to go hiking on

trails, having better cardiovascular fitness will allow her to climb harder trails.
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❖ YMCA Bike Test Score Percentile Rating

40.8ml/kg/min 95th Superior

Explain/Interpret: The YMCA Bike Test consists of several stages on a cycle ergometer.

These stages increase in difficulty due to the weight that is added on as resistance. The test

proved to be not as challenging for the client as it may be for most. Client does have a history of

riding a bike for cardiovascular fitness. Client did not reach max enough HR to provide accurate

results.

❖ Treadmill Walk Test Score Percentile Rating

65.2 ml/kg/min 95th Superior

Explain/Interpret: The treadmill walk test consists of an 8 minute walk on the treadmill in

between speeds 2mph and 4.5 mph. The first four minutes are to warm up and the second four

are supposed to be used to increase HR. Client stayed at the same speed for the entirety of the

test and I believe that it created an elevated result which is common for the walk test.

Summary and recommendation/prescription: The two tests did not provide as accurate of

results as needed due to human error. But, Cardio will still be implemented into the Exercise

prescription. Involving more running into will help create better CR maintenance as well as

improving it. If running, jogging, or biking is done 2-3 days per week, Cardiovascular Fitness will

greatly increase for the client.

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Muscular Fitness

Explain/Interpret:

Muscular Fitness: This refers to the overall health of the muscular system. It is a

combination of two factors known as Muscular Strength and MuscularEndurance.

Muscular Strength: This is defined as the amount of force that can be exerted

during one single contraction of the muscle. An example would be a 1 rep max on an exercise.

Muscular Endurance: This is the ability of a muscle to sustain many contractions

over a longer period of time. For example, doing 12 reps of tricep extensions is an example of

Endurance.

How They Relate: These all relate because they all fall under the category of

muscular health. Without strength, there is minimal force exerted making it difficult to move

objects. Without endurance, it can make daily activities like walking, running, and even writing

more difficult.

This relates to my client because my client wants to be able to go on hikes and without

strength and endurance in the lower extremities, it would prove to be more challenging. My

client would also like to get stronger and learn more about how to weight train.
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Muscular Tests:

❖ Grip Strength Score Percentile Rating

45.5kg 10th Poor

❖ Pushups Score Percentile Rating

14 reps 50th Good

❖ Sit-ups Score Percentile Rating

11 reps <1 Poor

❖ YMCA BP Test Score Percentile Rating

40 reps 90th Excellent

❖ Leg Press Score Percentile Rating

160 lbs x 1 rep 10th Very Poor

❖ Shoulder Press Score Percentile Rating

40 lbs x 2 reps <1 Very Poor

Explain/Interpret: These tests were used to find the muscular strength of the client. Client did

very well in movements that were pectoral dominant, showing that they possess a stronger chest.

The client did not do good in other exercises.

Recommendation/prescription: Client should learn more about weight training and improving

upon the muscle groups in the upper and lower body. Increasing the amount of weight training

will increase the muscular strength and endurance of all muscle groups and will overall improve

the muscular fitness of the client.

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Flexibility

Explain/Interpret:

Flexibility: The ability of the muscles to lengthen improve the body's range of motion.

Why we used various tests: Multiple tests were used because they test different muscle

groups and how flexible they are.

This is important to my client because my client wants to weight train more often and if they

have more flexibility, that will prevent any possible injury from happening while they are learning.

❖ Sit & Reach Score Percentile

27 cm Fair

❖ Back Scratch Score Percentile

R:+6,L+4 Good

Explain/Interpret: This test is used to test the flexibility and mobility of the shoulder

muscle group. The client is asked to put one arm up and behind their head, while the opposite

arm goes down and behind their back. They then try to touch their fingertips together. If they

touch, it is a positive result and if they don’t touch, it is negative. My client demonstrated that

they have very good flexibility in the shoulders by having positive results on both arms.

Recommendation/Prescription: Client should continue to work on flexibility of the lower limbs like

the hamstring muscle group. This can be done by doing various exercises that will be worked

into the exercise prescription.