Open Ended Lab

Lab Experiment No.
15
Open Ended Lab
Objectives:
▪ To verify the relationship between voltages and currents in a three-phase transformer for
Star Delta Connection.
List of Equipment’s:
▪ 3 Phase auto transformer
▪ Ammeter (0-20A)
▪ Voltmeter (0-300A)
▪ Resistive Load
▪ 1 Φ Transformer (1KVA, 230/415V)
▪ Connecting Wires
Discussion:
In this type of transformer connection, the primary is connected in star fashion while the secondary
is connected in delta fashion as shown in Figure 1 below.
Figure 15.1 – Transformer Connection – Star-Delta

The voltages on primary and secondary sides can be represented on the phasor diagram as shown
in Figure 2 below.
Figure – Phasor diagram with voltages on primary and secondary sides
MATLAB Module:
Key Points:
▪ As Primary in Star Connected:
Line voltage on Primary side = √3 X Phase voltage on Primary side. So, Phase voltage on
Primary side = Line voltage on Primary side /√3.
Now Transformation Ration (K) = Secondary Phase Voltage / Primary Phase Voltage
Secondary Phase Voltage = K X Primary Phase Voltage.
▪ As Secondary in Delta Connected:
Line voltage on Secondary side = Phase voltage on Secondary side.
Secondary Phase Voltage = K X Primary Phase Voltage.
=K X (Line voltage on Primary side /√3)
Secondary Phase Voltage = (K/√3) X Line voltage on Primary side.
There is s +30 Degree or -30 Degree Phase Shift between Secondary Phase Voltage to
Primary phase voltage.
Advantages of Star Delta Connections:

1. The primary side is star connected. Hence fewer numbers of turns are required. This makes
the connection economical for large high voltage step down power transformers.
2. The neutral available on the primary can be earthed to avoid distortion.
3. The neutral point allows both types of loads (single phase or three phases) to be met.
4. Large, unbalanced loads can be handled satisfactorily.
5. The Y-D connection has no problem with third harmonic components due to circulating
currents in It is also more stable to unbalanced loads since the D partially redistributes any
imbalance that occurs.
6. The delta connected winding carries a third harmonic current due to which potential of
neutral point is stabilized. Some saving in cost of insulation is achieved if HV side is star
connected. But in practice the HV side is normally connected in delta so that the three
phase loads like motors and single-phase loads like lighting loads can be supplied by LV
side using three phase four wire system.
7. As Grounding Transformer: In Power System Mostly Grounded Y- ∆ transformer is used
for no other purpose than to provide a good ground source in ungrounded Delta system.
Take, for example, a distribution system supplied by ∆ connected (i.e., ungrounded) power
source. If it is required to connect phase-to-ground loads to this system a grounding bank
is connected to the system, as shown in figure 3 below:
Figure 15.3 – Y-D Grounding Transformer
8. This system a grounding bank is connected to the system, as shown in Figure 3. Note that
the connected winding is not connected to any internal circuit in Figure 3.
9. With a load current equal to 3 times I, each phase of the grounded Y winding provides the
same current I, with the -connected secondary winding of the grounding bank providing
the ampere-turns required to cancel the ampere-turns of the primary winding.
Procedure:
1. Connect the Circuit as per circuit diagram.
2. Adjust the Auto transformer till it reaches 230V and measure primary and secondary voltages and
currents.
3. Repeat the above step for different input voltages.
4. Note down the values of phase (voltages and currents) and line (voltages and Currents)
5. Compare the measured values with theoretical values.
Observation Table:
Results:
▪ Secondary Voltage and Current:
▪ Primary Voltage and Current:

Review Questions:
1. Why use three winding transformers?
2. What is the star-star connection 3 phase transformer used for?
3. What advantage has the star connection over delta connection in three phase transformers?
CONCLUSION.

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Lab Experiment No.

Figure 15.1 – Transformer Connection – Star-Delta

Figure – Phasor diagram with voltages on primary and secondary sides

Advantages of Star Delta Connections:

▪ Primary Voltage and Current:

2. What is the star-star connection 3 phase transformer used for?

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