PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Module 1&2

ARCHITECTS ACT, 1972

The implementation of five year plan expanded the building activities.

•Many unqualified persons calling themselves as architects started practice . Results,

frequently unsafe, uneconomical and aesthetically ugly.

•Damaged the image of architects , felt a need of statutory regulations to protect.

•First meeting of Architects and Engineers held at New Delhi in 1946 for Architects Bill – under
leadership of Mr. C.H. Bhabha–For Architect’s registration -but not passed.

•Again introduced on April –May 1972.

•Came into force on 1st September , 1972

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 ARCHITECTS ACT, 1972 (CONT.)
• An Act to provide for the registration of architects and for matters connected therewith.
• It has come into force from 31st May 1972 and extends to the whole India.
• The Act was extended to the whole of India. It contains 4 Chapters with 45 Sections along with
one Schedule.
• "Architect" means a person whose name is for the time being entered in the register;
• "Council" means the Council of Architecture constituted under section 3;
• "Indian Institute of Architects" means the Indian Institute of Architects registered under the
Societies Registration Act, 1860;
• "Recognized qualification" means any qualification in architecture for the time being included in
the Schedule or notified under section 15;
• "Register" means the register of architects maintained under section 23;
• "Regulation" means a regulation made under this Act by the Council;
• "Rule" means a rule made under this Act by the Central Government.
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 ARCHITECTS ACT, 1972 (CONT.)
SCOPE ,ROLE AND FEATURES :
•To protect the title “Architect”.
•A clear distinction between qualified and unqualified persons.
• To prepare a register of qualified architects to safeguard the interest of common man
•To create a body corporate by the Name of “ Council of Architecture “.
•For the enrolment of persons who hold degree or diploma of Architecture.
•Prescribed the standard of professional conduct and code of ethics for qualified and
registered architects.
•To hold enquiries into misconduct of the registered architects and taking suitable action.
• To regulate the profession-evoked code of ethics and lay down minimum standards of
architectural education in India

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 ARCHITECTS ACT, 1972 (CONT.)
CHAPTERS
• Chapter 1: definitions
• Chapter 2: about COA
• Chapter 3: about registration
• Chapter 4: all court matters
• Schedule: contains recognized Indian degrees and diplomas in Architecture and some
recognized qualification in other countries

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COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURE

•The Council of Architecture is charged with the responsibility to regulate the education and
practice of profession throughout India besides maintaining the register of architects. For this
purpose, the Government of India has framed Rules and Council of Architecture has framed
Regulations as provided for in the Architects Act, with the approval of Government of India.

•Any person desirous of carrying on the profession of 'Architect' must have registered himself with
Council of Architecture. For the purpose of registration, one must possess the requisite
qualification as appended to the Architects Act, after having undergone the education in
accordance with the Council of Architecture (Minimum Standards of Architectural Education)
Regulations, 1983

•The registration with Council of Architecture entitles a person to practice the profession of
architecture, provided he holds a Certificate of Registration with up-to-date renewals.
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COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURE
MEMBERS:

a. five architects possessing recognized qualifications elected by the Indian Institute of Architects
b. two persons nominated by the All India Council for Technical Education.
c. five persons elected by heads of architectural institutions in India imparting full-time instruction
for recognized qualifications.
d. the Chief Architects in the Ministries of the Central Government and head of the Architectural
Organization in the Central Public Works Department.
e. 1 person nominated by the Central Government.
f. an architect from each State nominated by state Government.
g. two persons nominated by the Institution of Engineers (India)
h. One person nominated by the Institutions of Surveyors of India.

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COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURE
MAIN FUNCTIONS:

Three main functions:

1. Enrolment of persons holding recognized qualifications
2. Regulate professional conduct of architects
3. Assessment of the standards of education and training of Architects within the
country.
Sends an inspection team periodically to each colleges imparting Architecture Education

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COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURE
Duties & Functions of various committees of COA:
•Executive committee: Headed by president-has a vice president & 5 members elected
by the council.
Tenure:3 years.
Functions:
•Formulate the budget.
•Enrollment of persons holding recognized qualifications.
•Carry out specific directives of the council.
•Take action on reports of various committees.
•Assist the president in laying down the policy.

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COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURE
Duties & Functions of various committees of COA:
•Disciplinary committee: consists of 3 members Headed by either president or vice
president-assisted by 2 more members
Tenure:3 years.
Functions:
•Conduct hearings in all cases of unprofessional conduct and report its findings and
recommendations to the council.
•Appeals committee: consists of 2 or 3 members-headed by vice president.
Functions:
•Considers appeals made by persons whose applications for registration
have been rejected by the registrar.
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ARCHITECT’S REGULATIONS
-To regulate Professional Conduct of Architects in the country- one of three main functions of COA
- To promote standard of professional conduct, referred to as, “ The Architects (Professional
Conduct) Regulations, 1989”.
Regulations are divided into 8 parts and 30 sections. As below:-
PART – 1 (Preliminary and Definitions)
PART – 2 (C.O.A. Meetings)
PART – 3 (Powers & Duties of President & vice president)
PART – 4 (Executive Committee)
PART – 5 (Committees of Council)
PART – 6 (Registrar and Employees of the Council)
PART – 7 (Finances, Accounts and Audit)
PART – 8 (Inspection of Educational Institutions of Architecture) 11
• These are for the guidance of Architects.
• Lay down a general standard for profession.
• Architects has a general obligation to his clients ,the public, and to other professionals.
• He must not take part in architectural competition which is not as per the guidelines by the
council nor as a jury.
• He is expected to uphold the scale of fees laid down by the council.
Responsibilities:
• Study the clients needs and to advise, direct and to coordinate design and to supervise works
executed under a building contract.
• The selection of contractor shall be done with architects discretion in agreement with client

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•The architect can also nominate the sub contractors in agreement with client.
•Decisions taken by the architect with respect to various stages in design, material
changes, etc should be informed to the client.
•Frequent inspection if required, then a Clerk of Works will be employed.
Remuneration:
•It is the duty of the architect to uphold and apply the scale of professional charges
adopted by the COA.

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Termination of agreement

• Agreement between the Architect and the Client may be terminated by either one giving the
other a written notice of not less than 30 (thirty) days, should either fail substantially to perform his
part of responsibilities/duties, so long as the failure is not caused by the one initiating the
termination.

• In the event of Architect's firm closing its business or the Client having terminated the agreement,
the Client shall have the right to employ another Architect to complete the work, after making
payment to the previous architect's firm.

Copyright.
• Copyright in all drawings and in the work executed will remain the property of the
architect.

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Arbitration

•All disputes or differences which may arise between the Client and the Architect under

"Conditions of Engagement and Scale of Charges" with regard to the meaning or interpretation or

matter or things done or to be done in pursuance hereof, such disputes and differences shall be

referred for arbitration to the Council of Architecture.

• The arbitrator shall be appointed by the President, Council of Architecture. The arbitration shall

be conducted as per the provisions of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

• The decision and award of the arbitrator shall be final and binding on the Architect and the

Client.

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ARCHITECTS SERVICES
1. SCOPE OF WORK
The Architect is required to provide services in respect of the following :
Part I - ARCHITECTURE :
1 Taking Client's instructions and preparation of design brief.
2 Site evaluation, analysis and impact of existing and / or proposed development on its immediate
environs.
3 Design and site development.
4 Structural design.
5 Sanitary, plumbing, drainage, water supply and sewerage design.
6 Electrical, electronic, communication systems and design.
7 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning design (HVAC) and other mechanical systems.
8 Elevators, escalators, etc.
9 Fire detection, Fire protection and Security systems etc.
10 Periodic inspection and evaluation of Construction works. 16
ARCHITECTS SERVICES
1. SCOPE OF WORK
The Architect is required to provide services in respect of the following :
Part II- ALLIED FIELDS :
11 Landscape Architecture
12 Interior Architecture
13 Architectural Conservation
14 Retrofitting of Buildings
15 Graphic Design and Signage

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ARCHITECTS SERVICES
2. SCHEDULE OF SERVICES
The Architect shall, after taking instructions from the Client, render the following services:
CONCEPT DESIGN [STAGE 1] :
2.01 Ascertain Client's requirements, examine site constraints & potential ; and prepare a
design brief for Client's approval.
2.02 Prepare report on site evaluation, state of existing buildings, if any ; and analysis and
impact of existing and/ or proposed development on its immediate environs.

2.03 Prepare drawings and documents to enable the Client to get done the detailed survey
and soil investigation at the site of the project.
2.04 Furnish report on measures required to be taken to mitigate the adverse impact, if any, of
the existing and / or proposed development on its immediate environs.
2.05 Prepare conceptual designs with reference to requirements given and prepare rough
estimate of cost on area basis.

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ARCHITECTS SERVICES
2. SCHEDULE OF SERVICES
PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND DRAWINGS [STAGE 2] :
2.06 Modify the conceptual designs incorporating required changes and prepare the
preliminary drawings, sketches, study model, etc., for the Client's approval along with
preliminary estimate of cost on area basis.
DRAWINGS FOR CLIENT'S/ STATUTORY APPROVALS [STAGE 3] :
2.07 Prepare drawings necessary for Client's/ statutory approvals and ensure compliance with
codes, standards and legislation, as applicable and assist the Client in obtaining the statutory
approvals thereof, if required.
WORKING DRAWINGS AND TENDER DOCUMENTS [STAGE 4] :
2.08 Prepare working drawings, specifications and schedule of quantities sufficient to prepare
estimate of cost and tender documents including code of practice covering aspects like
mode of measurement, method of payments, quality control procedures on materials & works
and other conditions of contract.

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ARCHITECTS SERVICES
2. SCHEDULE OF SERVICES
APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTORS [STAGE 5] :
2.09 Invite, receive and analyse tenders; advise Client on appointment of contractors.
CONSTRUCTION [STAGE 6] :
2.10 Prepare and issue working drawings and details for proper execution of works during
construction.
2.11 Approve samples of various elements and components.
2.12 Check and approve shop drawings submitted by the contractor/ vendors.
2.13 Visit the site of work, at intervals mutually agreed upon, to inspect and evaluate the
Construction Works and where necessary clarify any decision, offer interpretation of the
drawings/specifications, attend conferences and meetings to ensure that the project
proceeds generally in accordance with the conditions of contract and keep the Client
informed and render advice on actions, if required.

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ARCHITECTS SERVICES
2. SCHEDULE OF SERVICES
2.14 In order to ensure that the work at site proceeds in accordance with the contract
documents/ drawings and to exercise time and quality controls, the day-to-day supervision will
be carried out by a Construction Manager (Clerk of Works/ Site Supervisor or Construction
Management Agency in case of a large and complex project), who shall work under the
guidance and direction of the Architect and shall be appointed and paid by the Client.
2.15 Issue Certificate of Virtual Completion of works.

COMPLETION [STAGE 7] :
2.16 Prepare and submit completion reports and drawings for the project as required and assist
the Client in obtaining "Completion/ Occupancy Certificate" from statutory authorities,
wherever required.
2.17 Issue two sets of as built drawings including services and structures.

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ARCHITECTS SERVICES
3. PROFESSIONAL FEE :
3.01 In consideration of the professional services rendered by the Architect, he shall be paid
professional fee and other charges in accordance with the Scale of Charges.
4. SCHEDULE OF PAYMENT :
The Architect shall be paid professional fee in the following stages consistent with the work
done plus other charges and reimbursable expenses as agreed upon :

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ARCHITECTS SERVICES
4. SCHEDULE OF PAYMENT :

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ARCHITECTS SERVICES
5. CLIENT'S ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES :
The Client shall discharge all his obligations connected with the project and engagement of
the Architect as follows:
5.01 To provide detailed requirements of the project.
5.02 To provide property lease/ ownership documents.
5.03 To provide a site plan, to a suitable scale, showing boundaries, contours at suitable
intervals, existing physical features including any existing roads, paths, trees, existing structures,
existing service and utility lines and such lines to which the proposed service can be
connected. In case such information is not readily available, the Client shall arrange for the
survey/ collection of necessary information and pay for the same.
5.04 To furnish reports on soil conditions and test as required by the Architect or pay for the
preparation of the same.

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ARCHITECTS SERVICES
5. CLIENT'S ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES :
5.05 To furnish specific conditions/ Statutory stipulations/ Codes of Practice/Schedule of rates,
etc., desired to be followed.
5.06 To pay all the fees, levies, security deposits and expenses in respect of statutory sanction.
5.07 To give effect to the professional advice of the Architect and cause no changes in the
drawings and documents without the consent of the Architect.
5.08 To honour Architect's bills within one month of its submission.
5.09 To appoint a Construction Manager (Clerk of Works/ Site Supervisor or Construction
Management Agency in case of a large and complex project) as per the Architect's advice.

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Scale Of Charges

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Scale Of Charges

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Scale Of Charges

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Scale Of Charges

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THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS (IIA)
HISTORY,
The Architectural Student’s Association (1917-22)
•On May –12th, 1917 -the first meeting held -the members present decided to form themselves
into an association of the past students of Architecture of Sir J.J. School of Art- “The Architectural
Students Association”.
•Late Mr. George Wittet, the then Consulting Architect to the Government of Bombay, was
unanimously elected as the first “President” of the Association.
The Bombay Architectural Association (1922-29):
Mr.Batley was elected President in 1921-members began to seriously consider an improvement in
status of the Association. The word “Students” seemed inapt for a body that had now practicing
Architects-General Meeting held on the 15th June 1922-the changes in the Constitution and
Bye-Laws-were unanimously approved & in the 3rd ordinary meeting of the members on 3rd
August 1922, Mr.Batley, President, announced the formal inauguration of the Association.

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Affiliation To The Royal Institute Of British Architects (1925):
•As for back as the beginning in 1922, there had been tentative visions of affiliation with
that powerful and Empire-Wide architectural body ,The Royal Institute of British
Architects.
•The first examination could be held only in 1930.
•The five year Diploma Course inaugurated in 1923, was recognized for exemption from
the intermediate examination.
The Indian Institute Of Architects (1929):
•Affiliation with R.I.B.A. in 1925 led to consideration of further changes in the existing
Constitution and Bye-Laws.
•It was on 2nd September 1929 that the new body was reorganized in Bombay and
officially registered as “THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS”.
•In 1929, the membership was 158. Today it has crossed the 20,000 mark.

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Its chief objectives were:
•“To continue the work of the Bombay Architectural Association.
•“To encourage the study of Architecture, to elevate the standard of Architectural Practice &
by mutual support, to promote the interests of Architects throughout India”.
•To promote other bodies such as SSA
•To promote improvement of living standards and to make awareness among the public about
the profession.
•The Institute began its activities in the room of the Sohrab F. Bharoocha Architectural Library,
Bombay and this therefore was the first permanent headquarters for the various activities of the
Institute.
•The IIA is registered under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860 as a voluntary organization
of Architects. The only other organization at the national level is the Council of Architecture
established under the Architects Act 1972 with the statutory duty of Registration

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ROLE AND ACTIVITIES:
•The Institute has a major role to play in promoting the profession of architecture.
•The programs are conducted through its Chapters and Centers who communicate with the
public in various regional languages by using the press and electronic media.
•Public lectures are also arranged on celebrating days such as the World Environment Day, the
World Habitat Day etc.
•The IIA Publications Board and the Editorial Committee publish the Journal of the Indian Institute
of Architects (JIIA) and a Newsletter every month.
•Organizing and uniting the fellowship of architects within and outside the country.
•Encouraging the planning and building standards of architectural education, training and
practice.
•Inventing and imposing the means of testing the qualification of candidates for admission to
the member institute.
•Considering all questions effecting practice of architecture & making necessary arrangements
of changes for suitable architectural practice.
•Coordinating the activities of the building industry and architecture profession in association
with other bodies and institutions.
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MEBERSHIP OF IIA:
Student Member:
•A student from College of Architecture
•A membership fee will be there.
•Can participate programs conduct by IIA
•Cannot attend the general body meetings.
•Can use the libraries of IIA Centres and Head office.
Associate Member:
•A graduate from College of Architecture
•Minimum age 21 years.
•Can participate programs conduct by IIA.
•Can attend the general body meetings and have voting rights.
•Can use A.I.I.A after his name.

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Fellow Member:
•An indication of seniority in profession. Minimum age is 36 with professional experience of 10
years.
•Can write as F.I.I.A after his name.
•Only he can practice as Arbitrator. All other rights are same as associate.
Honorary Fellow Member
•A person may not be a qualified architect but has contributed to architectural profession in
some way.
•Elected by the IIA Council.
THE COUNCIL OF IIA:
•All activities & affairs of the Institute –managed by Council, Consist of, •A President. •2 Vice –
presidents •2 secretaries •1 treasurer •1 editor •7 members
•The immediate past president and chairman of all zones, state chapters, & city centers are also
the members of the Council. •Council hold its office for 2 years period.
CHAPTER & CENTERS:
•There are ,22 Chapters,47Centers and 14Sub centers all over India. 35
REGISTRATION FOR MEMBERSHIP
• Application form
• Available in head office of IIA or office of chapters and centers on payment of prescribed fee
and annual membership subscription
• Documentary proofs of qualification and registration with COA
• Necessary for the applicant to make a declaration stating that he will abide by IIA’s
constitution and byelaws
• Every application endorsed by 3 members of IIA
• After receiving the application at the IIA head office in Mumbai ,the names of applicants are
published in IIA newsletter for the information of members
• Application are duly scrutinized and then placed before IIA council for election
• Upon election, member is given a membership certificate which is displayed in members office
• Any arrears architect will be removed from membership
• On payment of arrears and entrance fees he may be reinstate
• Member found guilty by COA and whose name is struck out from the council’s register can be
removed by IIA council without any enquiry
• He has given opportunity to represent his case before action is taken 36
ARCHITECT OFFICE & ITS MANAGEMENT

1. Office location should be in a prominent and convenient place for easy accessibility

2. Architects office need to be designed in a functional manner

3. All inmates should get proper ventilation and lighting

4. Care should be taken that no over crowding takes place

5. Architect should itself be methodical, then only he can expect discipline from his office staffs
6. His cabin should bear evidence of his professional status

7. He should arrange appointments with his clients in a proper way to avoid long waiting time
8. He should be ready for the clients meeting as per the appointment with all necessary
requirements

9. Catalogue and samples should be properly arranged

10. sufficient time and care should be allotted for all the office staff members

11. Office should posses a good library 37