Quantum Networking and Internet

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Quantum Networking and Internet (2020-2021)

Course Overview:
This course is aimed at Graduate IT student wishing to understand the exciting new
world of Quantum networking and quantum Internet. Quantum networks are
emerging sciences and anticipated to be the core networking technologies in the
future. This course introduces the keys concepts important for understanding, testing,
analyzing and improving the performance of quantum communication networks
which are the fundamental way to the quantum internet. It will have particular focus
on actual quantum networks currently being deployed and the use of such networks
for secure information transfer. The course will clarify how to send qubits from one
network node to the other. This allows us to create quantum entanglement between
any tow points on a network. And entanglement is actually still mysterious science. It
has two properties: it is inherently private, which enables secure communication, and
it allows complete coordination. And this makes it extremely powerful for tasks like
clock synchronisation. There are very many applications already known for such
entanglement. So this is really the objective of this course. So a quantum internet is
now at a very similar stage than a classical internet was in the past when invented, and
this course will focus on that.
Topics:

Week Dates Topic

1 Course Overview

2 Fundamentals of Quantum Computation


• Quantum Bits
• Hilbert Space
• Superposition
• Mathematical Preliminaries to Quantum
Computing

• Single-Qubit Quantum System


o Single Quantum Bits
o Single-Qubit Measurement
• Multiple-Qubit Systems
o Entangled States
o Basics of Multi-Qubit Measurement
• Pure and mixed states and the density matrix

3 Quantum State Transformations


• Unitary Transformations
o Impossible Transformations: The No-
Cloning Principle
• Single-qubit gates and the Bloch sphere
• Global versus relative phase
• Two-qubit gates
• Quantum circuits

4 Entangled State and Applications of Entanglement


• Entanglement and Bell state
• Teleportation
o The basic teleportation operation
o Experimental demonstration of
teleportation
o State machines for teleportation
o Teleporting gates
• Superdense coding

5 Quantum Key Distribution


• QKD and the purpose of cryptography
• BB84: single-photon QKD
• E91: entanglement-based protocol
• Using QKD
o Campus-to-campus virtual private
network
o Transport-layer security (TLS)
• Quantum error correction

6 Introduction of Quantum Network


• Networking Background
• Challenges in scaling up networks
• Design patterns
• The Internet

7 Physical Entanglement and Link-Layer


Protocols
• Creating entanglement using light
o Quantum states of light
o Emission
o Transport
o Detection
• Memory and transceiver qubits
o Gate noise
o Single-qubit decoherence
o Two-qubit decoherence
• Link structure
• State machines and protocol interactions

8 Midterm Exam

9 Routing
• Introduction
• Difficulties: differences between quantum and
classical networks

10 Quantum Communications Systems


• Quantum repeaters
• Optics and general quantum physics
• Quantum computing
o Classical computations on a quantum
computer
o Quantum Algorithms

11 Application of Quantum Networking


• Quantum Network Architecture
• Photonic Quantum Networks
• Quantum Networks over Telecommunications
Optical Fiber Systems

13 Applications of a Quantum Internet


• The Quantum Internet
• Evaluating/establishing application requirements
• Secure Quantum Communications
• Blind Quantum Computing

14 Applications of a Quantum Internet


• Quantum Sensor Networks
• Distributed Quantum Computing
• Quantum Network evolution timeline

15 Final Exam

Textbook:
• Rodney Van Meter. (2014) Quantum Networking.
• Giuliano Benenti and Giulio Casati. (2004) Principles of Quantum Computation
and Information.
• Eleanor Rieffel and Wolfgang Polak. (2011) Quantum Computing.

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