CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

Tekla’s technology creates new opportunities for the disciplines in the

construction industry: Tekla Structures is the first intelligent 3D BIM
(Building Information Modeling) software and the most advanced on the
market that provides an accurate, dynamic, and data-rich 3D environment.
Essentially, the Tekla model contains all the information required from
conceptual design, detailing, and manufacturing to construction of a project
in a single environment. Tekla Structures is known to support large models
with multiple simultaneous users, but is regarded as relatively expensive,
complex to learn and fully utilize. It competes in the BIM market
with AutoCAD, Autodesk Revit, DProfiler and Digital Project, Lucas
Bridge, PERICad and others.Tekla Structures is Industry Foundation Classes
(IFC) compliant. Modeling scopes within Tekla Structures includes
Structural Steel, Cast-in-Place, Concrete, Reinforcing Bar, Miscellaneous
Steel and Light Gauge Drywall Framing. The transition of Xsteel to Tekla
Structures in 2004 added significant more functionality and interoperability.
It is often used in conjunction with Autodesk Revit, where structural framing
is designed in Tekla and exported to Revit using the DWG/DXF formats.

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1.2 OBJECTIVES

 Tekla Structures is used in the construction industry for steel and

concrete detailing, precast and cast in-situ.
 The software enables users to create and manage 3D structural models
in concrete or steel.
 It is a Building Information Modeling (BIM) software that helps in the
efficient creation and management of construction projects.
 structural analysis and design is to produce a structure capable of
resisting all applied loads without failure during its intended life.
 To ensure the safety of the structure.To acquire economic dimensions
of the design.

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 CHAPTER 2
MODULE 1

2.1 Selection Tool

The selection switches on the Selecting toolbar are special commands that
control which objects and object types you can select. For example, if you
select the entire model area but only the Select parts switch is active, only
the parts become selected.
Click the selection switches on the Selecting toolbar to switch them on or
off.
2.2 Snapping Tool
Use the snap switches on the Snapping toolbar to control which positions
you can pick in the model or drawing. By using snap switches, you can
position objects precisely without having to know the coordinates. Use
the Snapping toolbar to activate snap switches and to access additional
snapping options.
Click the snap switches on the Snapping toolbar to switch them on or off.
If there is more than one point available to snap to, press the Tab key to
cycle forward through the snap points, and Shift Tab to cycle backwards
through them. Click the left mouse button to select the appropriate point.

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2.3 Creative View
 After creating a drawing, you can manually add more views.You
can create the following types of views in an existing drawing:
 Section views
 Curved section views
 Detail views
 Front, top, back, bottom views of parts
 D views of parts
 Drawing views of an entire model view
 Drawing views of selected areas in a model view
 Drawing views of selected areas in a drawing view
2.4 Types Of Grid
 rectangular grids,
 radial grids
 single grid lines

2.5 Detailed View

Tekla Structures creates the detail view using the current

properties in the View Properties dialog box and Detail Properties dialog
box. The detail view takes the view depth from the original view even if
you try to change it.

2.6 Fit Beams And Column

 Select the Fit beams and columns component in the Applications &
components catalog.
 To change the default properties, open the Fit beams and
columns component dialog box and modify the properties on
the Settings tab.
 Define the gap size between the main part and the secondary part. If
you do not enter any value, a gap is not created.
 Select the fitting type.
 Define the maximum gap size between the main part and the
secondary part.

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2.7 Beam Properties

 When a beam is selected, its properties are displayed in

the Properties window.
 'General' properties apply to the whole beam.
 'All spans' properties are used to rapidly define the same properties
for all beam spans.
 Individual 'Span' properties are used to over-ride 'All spans'
properties.
 The displayed properties are described below for each of the
available material types.

2.8 Column Properties

Base Level, Specifies the bottom level for the column. ; Plane, Indicates
the Frame when the column has been placed in a Frame View.

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 CHAPTER 3
MODULE 2
3.1 Special Tool For Rendering
Tekla Structures model view rendering can use either
DirectX technology or the legacy OpenGL technology. By default, Tekla
Structures uses the DirectX rendering. The DirectX rendering adds a subtle
shading effect to Tekla Structures objects, making the 3D visualizations
clearer and more defined.
3.2 Work Plane
If you have defined base points or saved work planes, you can use
the Work plane handler toolbar to select which work plane you currently
have in use in the model.By default, the Work plane handler toolbar is
located at the bottom of the screen.
 Model origin (if project base point is set somewhere else)
 Project base point
 All base points you have defined
 All work planes you have set and saved
3.3Bracing
This section introduces components that can be used in steel
bracing structures.
 Tensioner (7)
 Tensioner brace (13)
 Tensioner brace and compression bar (13)
 Tensioner central gusset (18)
 Traction bar (52)
 Turnbuckle bracing (S3)
 Muffe (26)
 Turnbuckle connection (126)

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  Generation of purlins (50)
 Gusset+ T
3.4 Purlins
 Generation of purlins creates multiple profiles that can be used as
wall or roof purlins , panels, or timber or concrete parts.
 Pick the start point of the purlins.
 Select the parts that divide up the purlins.
 Click the middle mouse button to create the purlins.
 3.5 Basics of Connections Design
 Base plate connections - BS regional code only. ...
 Beam to beam moment connections.
 Beam to beam simple connections.
 Beam to column moment connections.
 Beam to column simple connections.
 Column beam brace connections.
 Column splices.

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 CHAPTER 4
MODULE 3
4.1 Spliced Connection
Splice connection creates a splice between two beams or columns.
The splice can be bolted or welded, or bolted and welded. This connection
also works with rotated and skewed beams, but only with I-shaped cross-
sections.
4.1.1 Objects created
 Flange plates
 Web plates
 Deck plates
 Bolts
 Welds
4.2 Bracing Connection

Gusset plate through hollow section column to hollow section bracing

at base plate. Use Bolted gusset (11). Select column , then brace and
brace. Gusset plate through hollow section column to WT bracing at base.

4.3 Purlin connection

Generation of purlins (50) creates multiple profiles that can be used as
wall or roof purlins, panels, or timber or concrete parts

4.3.1 Objects created

 Purlin

4.4 Selection order

 Pick the start point of the purlins.
 Select the parts that divide up the purlins.
 Click the middle mouse button to create the purlins.

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4.5 Base plates
This section introduces base plate components available in Tekla
Structures.
 U.S. Base plate connection (71)
 Round joining plates (124)
 Base plate (1004)
 Stiffened base plate (1014)
 Web stiffened base plate (1016)
 Simple base plate 2 (1031)
 Base plate (1042)
 U.S. Bearing plate (1044)
 U.S. Base plate (1047)
 Circular base plates (1052)
 Base plate (1053)
 Box column base plate (1066)

4.6 Applying Connections to Modelling

Tekla Structures does not modify the existing connections.
In the model, select the parts to connect.
 On the Edit tab, click Components > Create Auto Connections.
 Select the rule groups from the lists on the Rule groups tab. ...
 If needed, go to the Advanced tab to change the rules used in the
framing conditions

4.7 Clash Check

 Find clashes in a model
 On the Manage tab, click Clash check.
 In the model, select the objects you want to include in the clash
check.

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  Click to check the objects.
 To highlight a clash in the model, select a row in the list of clashes.
4.8 Filter
 To select a large number of objects
 Use selection filters when you need to change a specific object
property that is common for many objects. The rest of the objects
will not be affected, even if you try to include them in the
selection.
 To check the model
 Use view filters to ensure that beams are called beams, columns are
called columns, and so on. You can highlight several groups of
objects, one at a time, to check that all required objects are included
in a given group.
 To hide objects
 Use view filters to temporarily hide the columns in a view so that it
easier to select all the beams, for example.
 To find objects
 You can create a selection filter to find all locations where ½”
reinforcing bars are in the model, for example. Once the filter is
active, you can make an area selection that includes the entire
model. All specified reinforcing bars become selected, but the other
objects will not be affected.

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 CHAPTER 5
TOOLS IN TEKLA STRUCTURES

Fig 5.1 Steel structure elements

Fig 5.2 Concrete structure elements

Fig 5.3 Highway elements

Fig 5.4 Rebar element

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 Fig 5.5 tool

Fig 5.6 Grid tool

Fig 5.7 View tool

Fig 5.8 Drawing and reports

Fig 5.9 Main menu

Fig 5.10 Analysis and design

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 CHAPTER 6

ANALYSISING OF 1BH STRUCTURE

6.1 GENERAL

Structural analysis is the application of solid mechanics to

predict the response (in terms of force and displacement) of a given structure
(existing or proposed) subjected to specified loads. Based on degree of
indeterminacy the structure will be classified as

1. Determinate structure,

2.Indeterminate structure

Fig.no.6.1 loading of structure

6.2 FOOTING

A concrete pad footing is the simplest and cost-effective footing used

for the vertical support and the transfer of building loads to the ground.
These footings are “isolated” i.e. there is no connection between them. They
are also reinforced.

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 Fig.no.6.2 Footing Reinforcement

Fig.no.6.2.1 Footing Reinforcement Detailing

6.3 COLUMN

A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed

to carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel
frame to provide reinforcement. For design purposes, the columns are
separated into two categories: short columns and slender columns

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 Fig.no.6.3 Column Reinforcement

Fig.no.6.3.1 Column Reinforcement Detailing

6.4 BEAM

In reinforced concrete structures, concrete slabs and beams are

monolithic, thus beam from part of the floor system together with the
slab. Since concrete is assumed to have cracked in tension, the beam
is equivalent to a rectangular section at the supports. In a floor system
consisting of several beam cast monolithically with slab the
intermediate beams and end as rectangular beams. In the design of
intermediate beams and beams are designed as singly and doubly
reinforced depending upon the load carrying capacity of the beams.
All
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 the beams are designed by limit of IS 456: 2000 design aids (SP 16) for
reinforced concrete.

Fig.no.6.4 Beam Reinforcement

Fig.no. 6.4.1 Beam Reinforcement Detailing

6.5 SLAB

In this project the design of slab has been carried out in Limit
state method. The grade of concrete is M30 and the grade of steel is
Fe500.In most of the reinforced concrete structures, concrete slabs and
beams are monolithic, thus beam from part of the floor system
together with the slab. In this design of intermediate, beams and end
beams are designed as singly or doubly reinforced depending upon the
load carrying capacity of the beams, all the beams are designed by
limit state design method referring IS456:2000 .

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 Fig.no.6.5 Slab Reinforcement

Fig.no.6.5.1 Slab Reinforcement Detailing.

6.6 LOAD APPLIED ON THE STRUCTURE

The load varies depending upon the purpose of the room in the
building. In case individual residence imposed load is usually taken as
2 kN/mm2. If the building is of apartment type, corridors should be
given the load of 3 kN/mm2. For further details, refer IS 875 part 2 for
different parts of the building.

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 Fig.no.6.6 loading condition

Fig.no.6.7 3D view

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 CHAPTER -7

ANALAYSIS REPORT

Fig.no.7.1 Analysis and Design

Fig.no.7.2 Analysis progress

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Fig.No.7.3 Analysing Report

Fig.No.7.4 3d modelling of CADD

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Fig.no.7.4 Report of the Tekla software

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 CONCULSION

Due to the available information online and the free student versions of the
program, Tekla Structures provides plenty of material for anyone interested
in learning how to use it. Thanks to this, studying the software can be
relatively fast and easy. Despite all this there is still room for improvement.
Not all of the features are available for a private study. The additional
materials needed for linking the program to structural analysis software are
unavailable to people with merely student accounts and there is no specific
information explaining this. Because of that the program cannot be studied
in its full potential and many users, who are attempting to do so, end up
spending a lot of unnecessary time researching the methods for it before
discovering their limitations. But Tekla is mostly limited to the large
construction companies, due to its high price. Because of that, small
projects, like the one described in this report, often do not get to benefit from
the software the way it is intended. Thanks to it the commercial building has
new and detailed drawings and the possibility to generate an unlimited range
of others, depending on the demand. Additionally, the model has a steel
frame second floor, whose construction time and material quantities have
been calculated. This provides the basis for the creation of a feasibility
report and gives the opportunity for testing the idea with structural analysis
software. Furthermore, the model has been uploaded to Tekla BIMsight
were other parties can view it and add their input. All of these benefits are
well worth the effort even with the challenges that the design process
presents.

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 REFERENCE

1. Raikaa, M. (2014, November 6). Extranet access request, Doychinov,

Simeon. . Recipient Simeon Doychinov. Viewed November 7, 2014.

2. Raikaa, M. (2015, March 5). Student Survey on Tekla.Simeon

Doychinov Viewed March 6, 2015.

3. Tekla Corporation. (2015 a). Analysis and design direct links. Retrieved
November 20, 2014:

4. Tekla Corporation. (2015 b). Barton Malow Improves Concrete

Construction Efficiency with 3D Modeling. Retrieved March 4, 2015:

5. Tekla Corporation. (2015 c). Facts and Figures: Tekla

Corporation. Retrieved March 2,2015:
http://www.tekla.com/company/about

6.Tekla Corporation. (2014 d). Tekla Global BIM Awards 2014 winners.
Retrieved March 6, 2015: http://www.tekla.com/global-bim-awards
2014/winners.html

7.Tekla Corporation. (2015 e). Wayne Brothers uses Tekla to Reduce

Risk and Raise Value. Retrieved March
2015:http://www.tekla.com/references/wayne-brothers-uses- tekla-reduce-
risk-and-raise-value

8.Trimble Navigation Limited. (2015). About Trimble. Retrieved 3 10,

2015: http://www.trimble.com/Corporate/About_Trimble.aspx