DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

A TEKLA STRUCTURES REPORT

Submitted by

MOHAMED THOUFIK N [20C132]

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

DECEMBER 2023
 A TEKLA STRUCTURES REPORT

Submitted by

MOHAMED THOUFIK N [20C132]

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

DECEMBER 2023

KARPAGAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
COIMBATORE – 641 032
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Bona fide record of work done by
MOHAMED THOUFIK N [20C132]
Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillments for the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
of Anna University, Chennai
December 2023

(Mr. D. PRASANNAN M.E.,) (Dr. G. K. ARUNVIVEK M.E, Ph.D.,)

(Course Coordinator) (Head of the Department)

Certified that the candidate was examiner in the viva-voce examination held on

Internal Examiner
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1GENERAL

Tekla’s technology creates new opportunities for the disciplines in the

construction industry: Tekla Structures is the first intelligent 3D BIM
(Building Information Modeling) software and the most advanced on the
market that provides an accurate, dynamic, and data-rich 3D environment.
Essentially, the Tekla model contains all the information required from
conceptual design, detailing, and manufacturing to construction of a project
in a single environment. Tekla Structures is known to support large models
with multiple simultaneous users, but is regarded as relatively expensive,
complex to learn and fully utilize. It competes in the BIM market
with AutoCAD, Autodesk Revit, DProfiler and Digital Project, Lucas Bridge,
PERICad and others.Tekla Structures is Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)
compliant. Modeling scopes within Tekla Structures includes Structural
Steel, Cast-in-Place, Concrete, Reinforcing Bar, Miscellaneous Steel and
Light Gauge Drywall Framing. The transition of Xsteel to Tekla Structures in
2004 added significant more functionality and interoperability. It is often used
in conjunction with Autodesk Revit, where structural framing is designed in
Tekla and exported to Revit using the DWG/DXF formats.

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1.2 OBJECTIVES

 Tekla Structures is used in the construction industry for steel and

concrete detailing, precast and cast in-situ.
 The software enables users to create and manage 3D structural models
in concrete or steel.
 It is a Building Information Modeling (BIM) software that helps in the
efficient creation and management of construction projects.
 structural analysis and design is to produce a structure capable of
resisting all applied loads without failure during its intended life.
 To ensure the safety of the structure.To acquire economic dimensions
of the design.

2
 CHAPTER 2
MODULE 1

2.1 Selection Tool

The selection switches on the Selecting toolbar are special commands that
control which objects and object types you can select. For example, if you
select the entire model area but only the Select parts switch is active, only
the parts become selected.
Click the selection switches on the Selecting toolbar to switch them on or
off.
2.2 Snapping Tool
Use the snap switches on the Snapping toolbar to control which positions
you can pick in the model or drawing. By using snap switches, you can
position objects precisely without having to know the coordinates. Use
the Snapping toolbar to activate snap switches and to access additional
snapping options.
Click the snap switches on the Snapping toolbar to switch them on or off. If
there is more than one point available to snap to, press the Tab key to cycle
forward through the snap points, and Shift Tab to cycle backwards through
them. Click the left mouse button to select the appropriate point.

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2.3 Creative View
 After creating a drawing, you can manually add more views.You can
create the following types of views in an existing drawing:
 Section views
 Curved section views
 Detail views
 Front, top, back, bottom views of parts
 D views of parts
 Drawing views of an entire model view
 Drawing views of selected areas in a model view
 Drawing views of selected areas in a drawing view
2.4 Types Of Grid
 rectangular grids,
 radial grids
 single grid lines

2.5 Detailed View

Tekla Structures creates the detail view using the current properties
in the View Properties dialog box and Detail Properties dialog box. The
detail view takes the view depth from the original view even if you try to
change it.

2.6 Fit Beams And Column

 Select the Fit beams and columns component in the Applications &
components catalog.
 To change the default properties, open the Fit beams and
columns component dialog box and modify the properties on
the Settings tab.
 Define the gap size between the main part and the secondary part. If
you do not enter any value, a gap is not created.
 Select the fitting type.
 Define the maximum gap size between the main part and the
secondary part.

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2.7 Beam Properties

 When a beam is selected, its properties are displayed in

the Properties window.
 'General' properties apply to the whole beam.
 'All spans' properties are used to rapidly define the same properties
for all beam spans.
 Individual 'Span' properties are used to over-ride 'All spans'
properties.
 The displayed properties are described below for each of the available
material types.

2.8 Column Properties

Base Level, Specifies the bottom level for the column. ; Plane, Indicates
the Frame when the column has been placed in a Frame View.

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 CHAPTER 3
MODULE 2
3.1 Special Tool For Rendering
Tekla Structures model view rendering can use either
DirectX technology or the legacy OpenGL technology. By default, Tekla
Structures uses the DirectX rendering. The DirectX rendering adds a subtle
shading effect to Tekla Structures objects, making the 3D visualizations
clearer and more defined.
3.2 Work Plane
If you have defined base points or saved work planes, you can use
the Work plane handler toolbar to select which work plane you currently
have in use in the model.By default, the Work plane handler toolbar is
located at the bottom of the screen.
 Model origin (if project base point is set somewhere else)
 Project base point
 All base points you have defined
 All work planes you have set and saved
3.3Bracing
This section introduces components that can be used in steel
bracing structures.
 Tensioner (7)
 Tensioner brace (13)
 Tensioner brace and compression bar (13)
 Tensioner central gusset (18)
 Traction bar (52)
 Turnbuckle bracing (S3)
 Muffe (26)
 Turnbuckle connection (126)

6
  Generation of purlins (50)
 Gusset+ T
3.4 Purlins
 Generation of purlins creates multiple profiles that can be used as
wall or roof purlins , panels, or timber or concrete parts.
 Pick the start point of the purlins.
 Select the parts that divide up the purlins.
 Click the middle mouse button to create the purlins.
 3.5 Basics of Connections Design
 Base plate connections - BS regional code only. ...
 Beam to beam moment connections.
 Beam to beam simple connections.
 Beam to column moment connections.
 Beam to column simple connections.
 Column beam brace connections.
 Column splices.

7
 CHAPTER 4
MODULE 3
4.1 Spliced Connection
Splice connection creates a splice between two beams or columns.
The splice can be bolted or welded, or bolted and welded. This connection
also works with rotated and skewed beams, but only with I-shaped cross-
sections.
4.1.1Objects created
 Flange plates
 Web plates
 Deck plates
 Bolts
 Welds
4.2 Bracing Connection

Gusset plate through hollow section column to hollow section bracing

at base plate. Use Bolted gusset (11). Select column , then brace and
brace. Gusset plate through hollow section column to WT bracing at base.

4.3Purlin connection
Generation of purlins (50) creates multiple profiles that can be used as
wall or roof purlins, panels, or timber or concrete parts

4.3.1 Objects created

 Purlin

4.4 Selection order

 Pick the start point of the purlins.
 Select the parts that divide up the purlins.
 Click the middle mouse button to create the purlins.

8
4.5 Base plates
This section introduces base plate components available in Tekla
Structures.
 U.S. Base plate connection (71)
 Round joining plates (124)
 Base plate (1004)
 Stiffened base plate (1014)
 Web stiffened base plate (1016)
 Simple base plate 2 (1031)
 Base plate (1042)
 U.S. Bearing plate (1044)
 U.S. Base plate (1047)
 Circular base plates (1052)
 Base plate (1053)
 Box column base plate (1066)

4.6 Applying Connections to Modelling

Tekla Structures does not modify the existing connections.
In the model, select the parts to connect.
 On the Edit tab, click Components > Create Auto Connections.
 Select the rule groups from the lists on the Rule groups tab. ...
 If needed, go to the Advanced tab to change the rules used in the
framing conditions

4.7 Clash Check

 Find clashes in a model
 On the Manage tab, click Clash check.
 In the model, select the objects you want to include in the clash
check.

9
  Click to check the objects.
 To highlight a clash in the model, select a row in the list of clashes.
4.8 Filter
 To select a large number of objects
 Use selection filters when you need to change a specific object
property that is common for many objects. The rest of the objects
will not be affected, even if you try to include them in the selection.
 To check the model
 Use view filters to ensure that beams are called beams, columns are
called columns, and so on. You can highlight several groups of
objects, one at a time, to check that all required objects are included
in a given group.
 To hide objects
 Use view filters to temporarily hide the columns in a view so that it
easier to select all the beams, for example.
 To find objects
 You can create a selection filter to find all locations where ½”
reinforcing bars are in the model, for example. Once the filter is
active, you can make an area selection that includes the entire
model. All specified reinforcing bars become selected, but the other
objects will not be affected.

10
 CHAPTER 5
TOOLS IN TEKLA STRUCTURES

Fig 5.1 Steel structure elements

Fig 5.2 Concrete structure elements

Fig 5.3 Highway elements

Fig 5.4 Rebar element

11
 Fig 5.5 tool

Fig 5.6 Grid tool

Fig 5.7 View tool

Fig 5.8 Drawing and reports

Fig 5.9 Main menu

Fig 5.10 Analysis and design

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 CHAPTER 6

ANALYSISING OF 1BH STRUCTURE

6.1 GENERAL

Structural analysis is the application of solid mechanics to

predict the response (in terms of force and displacement) of a given structure
(existing or proposed) subjected to specified loads. Based on degree of
indeterminacy the structure will be classified as

1.Determinate structure,

2.Indeterminate structure

Fig.no.6.1 loading of structure

6.2 FOOTING

A concrete pad footing is the simplest and cost-effective footing used

for the vertical support and the transfer of building loads to the ground. These
footings are “isolated” i.e. there is no connection between them. They are also
reinforced.

13
 Fig.no.6.2 Footing Reinforcement

Fig.no.6.2.1 Footing Reinforcement Detailing

6.3 COLUMN

A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed to

carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame
to provide reinforcement. For design purposes, the columns are separated into
two categories: short columns and slender columns

14
 Fig.no.6.3 Column Reinforcement

Fig.no.6.3.1 Column Reinforcement Detailing

6.4 BEAM

In reinforced concrete structures, concrete slabs and beams are

monolithic, thus beam from part of the floor system together with the
slab. Since concrete is assumed to have cracked in tension, the beam is
equivalent to a rectangular section at the supports. In a floor system
consisting of several beam cast monolithically with slab the
intermediate beams and end as rectangular beams. In the design of
intermediate beams and beams are designed as singly and doubly
reinforced depending upon the load carrying capacity of the beams. All

15
 the beams are designed by limit of IS 456: 2000 design aids (SP 16) for
reinforced concrete.

Fig.no.6.4 Beam Reinforcement

Fig.no. 6.4.1 Beam Reinforcement Detailing

6.5 SLAB

In this project the design of slab has been carried out in Limit
state method. The grade of concrete is M30 and the grade of steel is
Fe500.In most of the reinforced concrete structures, concrete slabs and
beams are monolithic, thus beam from part of the floor system together
with the slab. In this design of intermediate, beams and end beams are
designed as singly or doubly reinforced depending upon the load
carrying capacity of the beams, all the beams are designed by limit
state design method referring IS456:2000 .

16
 Fig.no.6.5 Slab Reinforcement

Fig.no.6.5.1 Slab Reinforcement Detailing.

6.6 LOAD APPLIED ON THE STRUCTURE

The load varies depending upon the purpose of the room in the
building. In case individual residence imposed load is usually taken as 2
kN/mm2. If the building is of apartment type, corridors should be given
the load of 3 kN/mm2. For further details, refer IS 875 part 2 for
different parts of the building.

17
 Fig.no.6.6 loading condition

Fig.no.6.7 3D view

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 CHAPTER -7

ANALAYSIS REPORT

Fig.no.7.1 Analysis and Design

Fig.no.7.2 Analysis progress

19
Fig.No.7.3 Analysing Report

Fig.No.7.4 3d modelling of CADD

20
Fig.no.7.4 Report of the Tekla software

21
 CONCULSION

Due to the available information online and the free student versions of the
program, Tekla Structures provides plenty of material for anyone interested
in learning how to use it. Thanks to this, studying the software can be
relatively fast and easy. Despite all this there is still room for improvement.
Not all of the features are available for a private study. The additional
materials needed for linking the program to structural analysis software are
unavailable to people with merely student accounts and there is no specific
information explaining this. Because of that the program cannot be studied
in its full potential and many users, who are attempting to do so, end up
spending a lot of unnecessary time researching the methods for it before
discovering their limitations. But Tekla is mostly limited to the large
construction companies, due to its high price. Because of that, small
projects, like the one described in this report, often do not get to benefit from
the software the way it is intended. Thanks to it the commercial building has
new and detailed drawings and the possibility to generate an unlimited range
of others, depending on the demand. Additionally, the model has a steel
frame second floor, whose construction time and material quantities have
been calculated. This provides the basis for the creation of a feasibility
report and gives the opportunity for testing the idea with structural analysis
software. Furthermore, the model has been uploaded to Tekla BIMsight
were other parties can view it and add their input. All of these benefits are
well worth the effort even with the challenges that the design process
presents.

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 REFERENCE

1. Raikaa, M. (2014, November 6). Extranet access request, Doychinov,

Simeon. . Recipient Simeon Doychinov. Viewed November 7, 2014.

2. Raikaa, M. (2015, March 5). Student Survey on Tekla.Simeon Doychinov

Viewed March 6, 2015.

3. Tekla Corporation. (2015 a). Analysis and design direct links. Retrieved
November 20, 2014:

4. Tekla Corporation. (2015 b). Barton Malow Improves Concrete

Construction Efficiency with 3D Modeling. Retrieved March 4, 2015:

5. Tekla Corporation. (2015 c). Facts and Figures: Tekla Corporation.

Retrieved March 2,2015: http://www.tekla.com/company/about

6.Tekla Corporation. (2014 d). Tekla Global BIM Awards 2014 winners.
Retrieved March 6, 2015: http://www.tekla.com/global-bim-awards
2014/winners.html

7.Tekla Corporation. (2015 e). Wayne Brothers uses Tekla to Reduce Risk
and Raise Value. Retrieved March
2015:http://www.tekla.com/references/wayne-brothers-uses- tekla-reduce-
risk-and-raise-value

8.Trimble Navigation Limited. (2015). About Trimble. Retrieved 3 10,

2015: http://www.trimble.com/Corporate/About_Trimble.aspx

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 ABSTRACT

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the applicability of Tekla

Structures to renovation projects and to make observations on the performance
of the software and produce useful information about learning to use it. The
materials generated with the program are for the thesis consisted of making a
virtual model of a commercial building’s frame and parts of its facade and using
it to generate more modern alternatives to the 30-year-old construction plans
from which it was made. Additionally the model was used to make suggestions
for the addition of a second floor on top of the old frame. These facade
components along with the suggested expansions were used to generate quantity
surveys and demolition and construction schedules. Throughout the project,
observations were made on Tekla’s features and its user assistance materials.
As a result of the thesis it was concluded that Tekla Structures can be practical
for such renovation projects, even though many of its tools could not find
application and some of its study materials can undergo improvements. This is
because the materials the program generated satisfy the initial requirements and
provide many new opportunities for the further steps of the project.

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter DESCRIPTIONS Page
no no
ABSTRACT i
LIST OF FIGURES iv
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 OBJECTIVES 2
2 MODULE 1 3
2.1 SELECTION TOOL 3
2.2 SNAPPING TOOL 3
2.3 CREATIVE VIEW 4
2.4 TYPES OF GRID 4
2.5 DETAILED VIEW 4
2.6 FIT BEAMS AND COLUMN 4
2.7 BEAM PROPERTIES 5
2.8 COLUMN PROPERTIES 5
3 MODULE 2 6
3.1 SPECIAL TOOL FOR RENDERING 6
3.2 WORK PLANE 6
3.3 BRACINGS 6
3.4 PURLINS 7
4 MODULE 3 8
4.1 SPLICED CONNECTIONS 8
4.1.1 OBJECTS CREATED 8
4.2 BRACING CONNECTION 8
4.3 PURLIN CONNECTION 8
4.3.1 OBJECTS CREATED 8

ii
 4.4 SELECTION ORDER 8
4.5 BASE PLATES 9
4.6 APPLYING CONNECTIONS TO MODELLING 9
4.7 CLASH CHECK 9
4.8 FILTERS 10
5 TOOLS IN TEKLA STRUCTURES 11
6 ANALYSING OF 1 BHK RESIDENTIAL 13
BUILGING
6.1 GENERAL 13
6.2 FOOTING 13
6.3 COLUMN 14
6.4 BEAM 15
6.5 SLAB 16
6.6 LOAD APPLIED ON THE STRUCTURE 17
7 ANALYSIS REPORT 19
8 CONCLUSION 22
9 REFERENCE 23

iii
 LIST OF FIGURE

Figure Figure Name Page

No no
5.1 Steel structure elements 11
5.2 Concrete structure elements 11
5.3 Highway elements 11
5.4 Rebar elements 11
5.5 Edit tool 12
5.6 Grid tool 12
5.7 View tool 12
5.8 Drawing and reports 12
5.9 Main menu 12
5.10 Analysis and design 12
6.1 loading of structure 13
6.2 Footing Reinforcement 14
6.2.1 Footing Reinforcement Detailing 14
6.3 Column Reinforcement 15
6.3.1 Column Reinforcement Detailing 15
6.4 Beam Reinforcement 16
6.4.1 Beam Reinforcement Detailing 16
6.5 Slab Reinforcement 17
6.5.1 Slab Reinforcement Detailing 17
6.6 loading condition 18
6.7 3D view 18
7.1 Analysis and Design 19
7.2 Analysis progress 19
7.3 Analysing Report 20

iv
7.4 3D modelling of CADD 20
7.5 Report Of the Tekla Software 21