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    Simple Radiating Systems

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    ahlulhikam2222
    The document discusses several types of small antennas, including electrically small dipoles, half-wave dipoles, monopoles, and small loop antennas. Electrically small dipoles include short dipoles and those loaded with capacitive plates or radial wires to increase radiation resistance. Half-wave dipoles have a length of half a wavelength and natural impedance matching. Monopoles have radiation patterns like dipoles but different input impedances depending on height. Small loop antennas can be modeled as magnetic dipoles, and their radiation depends only on the loop area. Ferrite rod antennas use ferrite cores to increase radiation from small loop antennas.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Simple Radiating Systems

    Uploaded by

    ahlulhikam2222
    15 views16 pages
    The document discusses several types of small antennas, including electrically small dipoles, half-wave dipoles, monopoles, and small loop antennas. Electrically small dipoles include short dipoles and those loaded with capacitive plates or radial wires to increase radiation resistance. Half-wave dipoles have a length of half a wavelength and natural impedance matching. Monopoles have radiation patterns like dipoles but different input impedances depending on height. Small loop antennas can be modeled as magnetic dipoles, and their radiation depends only on the loop area. Ferrite rod antennas use ferrite cores to increase radiation from small loop antennas.

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    Simple radiating systems

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    The document discusses several types of small antennas, including electrically small dipoles, half-wave dipoles, monopoles, and small loop antennas. Electrically small dipoles include short dipoles and those loaded with capacitive plates or radial wires to increase radiation resistance. Half-wave dipoles have a length of half a wavelength and natural impedance matching. Monopoles have radiation patterns like dipoles but different input impedances depending on height. Small loop antennas can be modeled as magnetic dipoles, and their radiation depends only on the loop area. Ferrite rod antennas use ferrite cores to increase radiation from small loop antennas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views16 pages

    Simple Radiating Systems

    Uploaded by

    ahlulhikam2222
    The document discusses several types of small antennas, including electrically small dipoles, half-wave dipoles, monopoles, and small loop antennas. Electrically small dipoles include short dipoles and those loaded with capacitive plates or radial wires to increase radiation resistance. Half-wave dipoles have a length of half a wavelength and natural impedance matching. Monopoles have radiation patterns like dipoles but different input impedances depending on height. Small loop antennas can be modeled as magnetic dipoles, and their radiation depends only on the loop area. Ferrite rod antennas use ferrite cores to increase radiation from small loop antennas.

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    Simple radiating systems

    ELECTRICALLY SMALL DIPOLES


    An antenna whose dimensions are small compared to the wavelength at the
    frequency of operation is an electrically small antenna, generally is taken to be
    on the order of a tenth of a wavelength in extent or less.

    The simplest practical electrically small antenna is the short dipole shown in Fig. 3-
    1a as a wire with a feed point in the center.
    The larger radiation resistance associated with the uniform current of the
    ideal dipole can be realized in practice by providing a mechanism for
    charge accumulation at the wire ends.
    One method of accomplishing this is to place metal plates at the ends of
    the wire.
    This is called a capacitor-plate antenna, or top-hat-loaded dipole
    antenna. Frequently in practice, radial wires are used for the top loading in
    place of the solid plates.
    Another small antenna used to approximate the ideal dipole is the
    transmission line loaded antenna.
    The monopole form of the transmission line loaded dipole shown in Fig.
    3-4c is called the inverted-L antenna (ILA). The small ILA has a total wire
    length that is much less than a wavelength.
    HALF-WAVE DIPOLES

    The half-wave dipole is realized with a straight wire fed in the center.

    The input impedance of an infinitely thin dipole of exactly one-half


    wavelength is ZA = 73 + j42.5 Ω.
    The tuned half-wave dipole then has an input impedance of about 70 + j0
    Ω. Thus, the half-wave dipole has the advantages of being naturally well
    matched in impedance to common devices. Additionally, it has a radiation
    efficiency very close to 100% for common wire materials.
    HALF-WAVE DIPOLES

    current distribution

    The radiated electric field pattern

    far-field pattern
    MONOPOLE
    MONOPOLE
    MONOPOLE

    The input impedance for a monopole is

    the radiation resistance of a monopole is

    h is the length of the monopole


    the directivity
    SMALL LOOP ANTENNA

    Duality in circuit analysis

    Duality in Maxwell eq.


    E1 and H1 are the fields generated by J1
    with materials ε1, μ1, σ1 present.

    E2 and H2 are the fields arising from M2,


    materials ε2, μ2, σ2 present.
    SMALL LOOP ANTENNA

    A current loop can be represented as a fictitious (ideal) magnetic dipole


    with uniform magnetic current Im and length Δz.
    SMALL LOOP ANTENNA
    The ideal electric dipole has field solutions of the form

    the dual magnetic dipole are then found


    SMALL LOOP ANTENNA
    The radiation fields of small loops are independent of the shape of the
    loop and depend only on the area of the loop.
    The far-field components are
    SMALL LOOP ANTENNA

    Another popular way to enhance the radiation resistance of a loop


    antenna is to wind the turns around a ferrite core forming the
    ferrite rod antenna (also called a loop-stick antenna or ferrite-core
    multiturn loop) which is used up to VHF frequencies, where
    usually losses become excessive.
    SMALL LOOP ANTENNA

    the radiation resistance for a loop-stick antenna is

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