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    Arya 22010323140047

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    RIfki ARYANANDA aji
    This document summarizes the results of a virtual lab examining the effects of different ions on heart rate. The student correctly answered pre-lab quiz questions about calcium, potassium, and sodium in cardiac cells. Their predictions that calcium would increase heart rate and potassium would decrease it were confirmed. The experiment found that calcium increased heart rate the most, while potassium and sodium significantly decreased it and caused arrhythmia. The student scored 100% on post-lab quizzes.

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    Arya 22010323140047

    Uploaded by

    RIfki ARYANANDA aji
    20 views5 pages
    This document summarizes the results of a virtual lab examining the effects of different ions on heart rate. The student correctly answered pre-lab quiz questions about calcium, potassium, and sodium in cardiac cells. Their predictions that calcium would increase heart rate and potassium would decrease it were confirmed. The experiment found that calcium increased heart rate the most, while potassium and sodium significantly decreased it and caused arrhythmia. The student scored 100% on post-lab quizzes.

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    This document summarizes the results of a virtual lab examining the effects of different ions on heart rate. The student correctly answered pre-lab quiz questions about calcium, potassium, and sodium in cardiac cells. Their predictions that calcium would increase heart rate and potassium would decrease it were confirmed. The experiment found that calcium increased heart rate the most, while potassium and sodium significantly decreased it and caused arrhythmia. The student scored 100% on post-lab quizzes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views5 pages

    Arya 22010323140047

    Uploaded by

    RIfki ARYANANDA aji
    This document summarizes the results of a virtual lab examining the effects of different ions on heart rate. The student correctly answered pre-lab quiz questions about calcium, potassium, and sodium in cardiac cells. Their predictions that calcium would increase heart rate and potassium would decrease it were confirmed. The experiment found that calcium increased heart rate the most, while potassium and sodium significantly decreased it and caused arrhythmia. The student scored 100% on post-lab quizzes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Name: Arya_22010323140047

    Exercise 6: Cardiovascular Physiology: Activity 5: Examining the Effects of Various Ions on Heart Rate Lab Report

    Pre-lab Quiz Results


    You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

    1. Which organelle in the cardiac muscle cell stores calcium?


    You correctly answered: b. sarcoplasmic reticulum

    2. Verapamil is a calcium-channel blocker. Its effects could be described as


    You correctly answered: d. negative chronotropic and negative inotropic.

    3. When the cardiac muscle cell is at rest, where is most of the potassium found?
    You correctly answered: c. in the cytosol

    4. Resting cardiac muscle cells are most permeable to


    You correctly answered: b. potassium.

    09/25/23 page 1
    Experiment Results
    Predict Question:
    Predict Question 1: Because calcium-channel blockers are negative chronotropic and negative inotropic, what effect do you
    think increasing the concentration of calcium will have on heart rate?
    Your answer : a. positive chronotropic, positive inotropic

    Predict Question 2: Excess potassium outside of the cardiac cell decreases the resting potential of the plasma membrane,
    thus decreasing the force of contraction. What effect (if any) do you think it will initially have on heart rate?
    Your answer : b. decrease heart rate

    Stop & Think Questions:


    Where in the cardiac muscle cell is most of the sodium normally found?
    You correctly answered: a. outside of the cell

    Experiment Data:

    Solution Heart Rate


    ---- 62
    Calcium 72
    Sodium ~34
    Potassium ~28

    09/25/23 page 2
    09/25/23 page 3
    Post-lab Quiz Results
    You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

    1. The addition of most of the ions resulted in


    You correctly answered: c. an erratic heart rate.

    2. The effect of potassium on the heart is


    You correctly answered: b. negative chronotropic, negative inotropic.

    3. The ion that had the most pronounced effect on heart rate was
    You correctly answered: c. potassium.

    4. Ectopic pacemakers can be caused by excessive leakage of potassium into cardiac cells, resulting in pacemakers
    appearing in abnormal locations in the heart muscle. This hyperkalemia (excess potassium) decreases the resting potential
    of the cardiac muscle cell. What effect do you think this would have on the force of contraction?
    You correctly answered: d. decrease, negative inotropic

    09/25/23 page 4
    Review Sheet Results
    1. Describe the effect that increasing the calcium ions had on the heart in this activity. How well did the results compare
    with your prediction?
    Your answer:
    increasing the calcium ions increased both the heart rate and the force of contraction

    2. Describe the effect that increasing the potassium ions initially had on the heart in this activity. Relate this to the resting
    membrane potential of the cardiac muscle cell. How well did the results compare with your prediction?
    Your answer:
    the effect of increase in pottasium ion was the heart slowed significantly. which could mean if its exposed to too much it
    could stop.

    3. Describe how calcium channel blockers are used to treat patients and why?
    Your answer:
    Calcium channel blockers play a role of blocking the movement of calcium.Because there is less calcium, there is a
    decreased rate of depolarization and a decreased force of contraction. they can be used with patients with high blood
    pressure.

    09/25/23 page 5

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