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Yahoo Hacks

While Google hacks-tips, tricks, techniques, and scripts that make Google more
powerful and useful-are plentiful and fairly well documented, the same cannot be
said (yet) for Yahoo Hacks, despite the fact that O'Reilly published a Yahoo Hacks
book in late 2005. Part of the reason for this was the absence of Yahoo APis, a
problem Yahoo recognized and rectified with its Developer site.

Yahoo Developer Network http://developer.yahoo.net/

Yahoo Developer Network Blog http://developer.yahoo.net/blog/

While many of the hacks, mostly employing some form of API, are geared toward
maps, Yahoo launched a webpage devoted exclusively to Yahoo and "mixed" API
applications.

Yahoo Search Application Gallery

http://developer.yahoo.net/search/applications.html

I recommend you pay special attention to the following applications that use Yahoo
APis, although you may find others even more useful to you:

Link Harvester http://www .lin khounds.com/link-harvester/

This is a very powerful-but very slow-tool for examining links to a domain or a
specific uri. The example below shows the links to [www.mfa.gov.cn]. Link Harvester
does the following:
• quickly finds almost every single site linking into a domain or page.
• scrapes past the 1,000 search result limit by making domain filtering a
snap.
~ grabs number of pages indexed.
• grabs links to any page.
• grabs total inbound links, home page links, and deep link ratio.
• tool is fast and free. which is great considering all it does.
• grabs C block IP address information.
• tool provides links to Wayback Machine and Whois Source (now Domain
Tools) next to each domain.
• free & open source

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• uses the Yahoo API so it complies with their TOS [terms of service]. 51

hllp://api. search. yahoo. comNI'ebSearchSemceN1/webSearch?query=linkdomain:wnw. mfa. gov. en

En1e1 silenamts yon waul lo filtet:

Showing 201 unique domalno from the Hrst 250 I MilliS of 213 tota1resui1S

Links To Domain. 610 Pages Indexed: 121

Links To Homepage: 255 Deep Link Percentage: 58%

ri!YII6J JQJIII Jl::lJIQJIYI job mu educn (2)210.47.174.208 r I~ I!:IIQIIIII!:!IIQIIYJ job hztc.edu en (2) 221.12.26.151
r 1~1 I6J l!:illii l!:il !QJIYI cs whu.edu.cn (2) 202.114.121.41 r 1\'\'J I!:IIQIIIII!:!IIQIIYI ear•er ruc.edu en (2) 202.112 t17.1t6
r ~1161 lf;:IJII Jl::liiQJ Ill wv.w.Msz.edu.cn (2) 216.17.227.219 r ltlll~l 1~1 III J.l::!II.QII!J 1ob.hl;u.edu.cn (2) 210.46.96.35
ri~I16J IQJ III I!JIIQJ 1!1 www.sdngy. edu.cn (2) 211.64.116.10

.12 Unique Goverment Domains r.gov, ·.mil) with 10 Unique C Block Addresses
Ir 1'!'!116J IQIIIII!:iiiQI IYI "'"""·"'la.g<». en (4) 211 99 196 166 r t.!YII/':1 IQII!II!::!IIQI lYJ """"yov en (2) 202.123.110.3
1r 1~11101 IJ;,I II!l!::!l IQII.'!.I•mbassy·t•pkiSt•n.fmprqov.cn (2) 211.99.196.218 r 1~1 1~1 JQI 1!1 1!::!1 IQIIYI wgzc.yrwu.gcv.cn (21 61.153.32.13
Ir 1~1161 JQJIIJl!:!l IQJ III - ... septa gov.cn (4) 61 157.75.21 r IY'lll61 IQII!ll!:!IIQ.IIYI WHN.thanqchun 9"" en (2) 221.8.13.135
r ~116] IQJ l!l II::'IIQJ IYI YNIW 'la~z.qov.co (2) 218 4.101.3 r 1'£{1 I!:IIQII!II!:!I [QJ 111 pOol at prel•iturn so.qov.br (2) 200.230.190.68
r ~1161 IQII!II!:iiiQII11 gwy2006.mop.gov.cn (2) 202.106.181.242 r l'!!lli':IIQIIIII!:!IIQIIYJ wcm.rmprc.gonn (2) 211.99.196.166
Ir 1'!'!116J IQIIIJ l!:iiiQIIYI bsg sh uov en (2) 218.242.255 118 r 1\>YI I!:IIQIIII l!:!ji.QJ_IY.Jww"'- >jcx:qov:u' (2) 218.75.53.69

1.!?.U.!!I_q~~··-'!..~!!•.i!:~on!.'!!_~_G_com,_:.:'!_!~·-!~!!l.~lth 126 _Uni<t'!!..~~-ck Addr~~.--..--·--_.. _ _ _ _ .._ ..___..._..___............__ ..............._._

r ~11611QI III It!! JQJ III wv.w allmes corn (2) 204.14.134.23 r
i'!!II!:II§JI!JI!:!IIQJ i.tJ..-..w.quoshi net (2) 203.194.128.198
r 1~1161 [QJIIIIt:!.JIQJ 111 ""''W.ChlnOiiS<.OI!l (4) 210.51.190.235 r 1'1'!11-:1 [QJ IIII!:!IIQilYI bubblepnckor 9\i.nol (4) 211.100.24.5
r 1'!'!1 it!II!211Illt:!.IIQIIil www.tiruaq.com (2) 203.88.198.18 r JY'lii!:IIQI IIII!:!IIQIIYJ ,.,..,.,.,.rreereoubiic.com (2) 209.157.64.201
r l':tli6II~IIIIIJ::!IIQII!I-.. comeiromchina com (2) 67.15.83143 r 1'!'!11~11211Ili!:!IIQIIYI spaceo.msn com (2) 65.54.153.254
r 1~1161 IQJ 1IIl!:!II911YI ~J?..m:.._rd.oro (2) 72.4.161.148 r l't!'lli':IIQIIIJ ltll JQJ 111 zh.wikipe_di'!,.Q!JJ (4) 207.142.131.213

For each unique domain, Link Harvester provides [Wl=Whois Source data for
domain; ~=Internet Archive data for domain; [Q]=Google cache of actual webpage;
DJ=Google's text only cache of actual webpage; [ill=Google's text only cache of
domain; fQ]=Whois Source's information about the domain from the Open Directory;
[YJ=Yahoo's Directory Listing of Whois Source data about the domain.

Hub Finder http://www.linkhounds.com/hub-·Ander/

"Hub Finder looks for sites which have co-occurring links to related authoritative
websites on a particular topic." Basically, Hub Finder locates authoritative websites
on a particular subject, as in the example below, for java. In this case, the top sites
(most authoritative resources) for java are shown. Hub Finder also permits users to
download the data in CSV (Comma Separated Value) format that can be easily
merged into a spreadsheet or database.

51
Link Harvester, Linkhounds, <http://www.linkhounds.com/link-harvester/> (14 November 2006).

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S
r u""bje.:::
ct' - - - - - Result s: AP I ~i~ h ~
150 .:J
iava Is .:J IYahoor .:J 12• c .:J Download CSV
Google Key:

Enhu 11 to 10 s it es :
ht tp: I ! www. ja v a. com

Ouetying the following 5 sites

i : http://IN\IY'IN.java _com
2: java. sun. com
3: www.ja11a com
4_ rdrw l yaho o. co m
5: javaboulique.internet .com

Sh owing .15 sites with at least2 matching ha ckllnks hom 178 se.u c. h results

! ~ ~ ~ ~ Site Name
5 ?> ~ l:lii i611!.:!11QIIYI btog$.su n.co m (209 .249.11 6. 203)
(; !$ ~ l:lil l~l l.diiQJ IYJjavn •uo.corn (209. 249.1 16.141)
~ c15 1~1 1~1 lt!IIQIIYI VWM~.jcp org (192. 18 97.62)
~ 1\ ;$ l'!l!lli':llt!I IQIIYI w.w:.mrcrosoft . com (207.46.18.30)
1> ~ !$ J!':i] I~JI!.:!J IQJ IYI w.:.-:.su ro.co m (209 .249116.195)
l; t ~ ll:':il \611!.:!1 !Q! !'.!.I VMW.t&l~cr t y com (66.37 .219.37)
~ ;:; 1'/\'1\!;] lt!I IQJ IY. Jallontrs.br gfrshqames.<Om (63.251.168.82)
<5 ~ 1!"!1161Itt] IQJ IYI ome!ol s1_ra1iGs.c orn (54.158. 108.35)
~ ~ ]~] 1 61l:!l IQJIYJ dess•nt net (59.60 .119 225)

The following Yahoo Hacks generally mirror certain Google hacks, with the
exception of the originurlextension: syntax, which is unique to Yahoo and very
powerful.

~ Disabling Word Stemming . Yahoo does not give users the option to turn off
word stemming, which can frustrate users trying to perform precise searches.
To run a precise search , enclose the term in double-quotes, e.g., ["drink"] will
not find drinks (except in sponsored results).

);> Searching by Filetype. Despite the fact Yahoo mysteriously disabled its
filetype syntax, you can use originurlextension: to search by file type, but
this syntax is imperfect.

Examples of how to use the originurlextension: command:

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~ [originurlextension:pdf "white paper"] finds pages indexed by Yahoo that are

in PDF format and contain the phrase ["white paper"] anywhere in the text,
title, or uri. ·

To search by specific type of file, use the syntax originurlextension: plus one of
these or any file extension, such as cgi, log, zip, etc. Because this workaround
is not a true filetype search, you can search on any file extension.

o htm or html-standard webpage

o pdf -Adobe Acrobat
o xls-MS Excel
o ppt-MS PowerPoint
o doc-MS Word
o txt-text
52
o xml, rdf, rss-RSS or XML feeds

Searchroller. Searchroller uses a JavaScript to let you create a neat little search
query bookmarklet 53 for your future use. The bookmarklet comprises a set of
domains you like to search on routinely but don't want to type in each time. For
example, perhaps you'd like to search simultaneously on a whole group of news
sites. Tara Calishain's script lets you input the uris for the news' sites once, then
save them to your Favorites or Bookmarks. Each time you click on the bookmarklet,
a screen will appear asking you to enter a query term or terms, then the bookmarklet
will automatically go to Yahoo and run that query against all the uris you have
previously selected. It's a great timesaver when you consider this is a typical
Searchroller bookmarklet query, although it could be much longer:

[iraq (site:cnn.com OR site:msnbc.com OR site:usatoday.com] OR

[site:nytimes.com OR site:washingtonpost.com OR site:bbc.co.uk )]

Search roller
http://www.researchbuzz.org/2004/1 0/new yahoo hack search roller fo.shtml

Artificial Proximity Search. Since Yahoo's APis are so new and as yet not fully
exploited, clever folks like Tara Calishain have come up with ways to force Yahoo to
perform new types of searches. The proximity search lets you input one search term
and look for it from 1 to 5 "spaces" (really, words) from a second search term. For
example, I can search for henry within two words of thoreau and find many instances

52
In order to read RSS or XML feeds, you need a reader or aggregator to parse this type of data.
53
A bookmarklet is a tiny JavaScript application contained in a bookmark that can be saved and used
the same way you use normal bookmarks. Bookmarklets do not require users to download and install
software. For more on bookmarklets, visit <http:/lwww.bookmarklets.com/>.

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of Henry David Thoreau. This tool is very good for finding names with the last name
listed first, e.g., Thoreau, Henry David.
~-~---~----------·-··--·-

YI\JAPS --Yahoo Non-.A.PI Proximity Search

Try using an artificial NEAR search for Yahoo:

Find Word One: jhenry

Within f2:.:J spaces of

Word Two: !thoreau

Any additional words?

Search I Start Over I

Yahoo Proximity Search
http://www.researchbuzz.org/2004/1 0/ynaps yahoo nona pi proximity s.shtml

Boilerplate Words or Phrases Yield Gold. Used in combination with keywords,

standardized words or phrases can produce very useful results from Yahoo as well
as Google. Whether it's "company proprietary," "not for distribution," or a copyright
disclaimer, these are the kinds of identifying query terms that searchers need to look
for.

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Windows Live Search

MSN Search is no more. As of mid-September 2006, Windows Live Search was out
of beta and officially supplanted MSN Search. It came as a surprise to no one that
the new Live Search has the familiar clean, uncluttered look popularized by Google.
Live marks a clear change in Microsoft's overall direction from a multipurpose portal
to a search service: "Live.com is now first and foremost a search destination,"
according to Christopher Payne, Microsoft's corporate vice president. 54

The question on everyone's mind is whether or not Live Search is any better than
MSN Search or Google or Yahoo or any number of other search engines. Thus far,
Live is not noticeably superior to MSN Search, but it is a one of the top three largest
and most powerful US-based search engines.

The new Windows. Live Search:

);> uses its own database for web search.

);> indexes at least 5 billion pages.

);> offers cached links with the date Microsoft estimates the page was last
updated (usually the date the Microsoft spider last crawled the page);
sometimes a date will appear next to the cached link on the results' page if
that page has recently been updated.

);> has a "Near Me" search option that only works in the US; it uses your IP
address to determine your location; users can override this location by
changing it on the Options page. Note that you cannot leave the default
location empty. If you do not enter a location, Live Search will default to
what it reads as your IP address's geolocation.

);> offers web, news, image, local, Q&A, academic, feeds, video, products, and
new "build your own" searches.

);> offers preference control via "options."

The "Search Builder" que,.Y customization tool has been replaced by the "Advanced"
option; as with "Search Builder" the Advanced option opens a little window beneath
the search form.

54
Chris Sherman, "Microsoft Upgrades Live Search Offerings," SearchEngineWatch, 12 September
2006, <http://searchenqinewatch .com/showPaqe.html?page=3623401 > (5 October 2006).

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Customizing Live Search Settings ("Options")

Live Search currently offers these user-defined options (preferences):

~ Display: display the site in a specific language (most major languages with
some notable exceptions, e.g ., Arabic, Thai).

~ Number of Results: choose to display 10, 15, 30, or 50 results at a time.

~ Group results from the same site: Show the first 1, 2, or 3 results.

~ Open Links in New Browser Window: yes or no.

~ SafeSearch Filter: choose among Strict, Moderate, Off.

~ Location: set a default location; Microsoft detects your physical location from
your IP address, but you may enter a new geographical location in its place .
Remember: you cannot leave the default location empty . If you do not enter a
location, Live Search will default to what it reads as your IP address's
geolocation.

~ Search Language: search in any language or search in one or more of 38

languages including Arabic, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, and Hebrew.

The Live Search Results Page

The clean look continues on the results' page. Once you have entered your search
term(s) and clicked the Live Search button, Live will present you with a list of results.
Depending on the search you are running, you will see some or all of the following
for a web search :

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);> A Type of results (web, image, etc.): the number of resulting pages and
estimated total number of results.

);> B The title of the webpage found, an excerpt from the webpage with the
search terms balded, the uri of the webpage.

);> C Cached page: links to a copy of the page as saved by the Live Search
engine; Live Search shows the last date the page was examined by its spider;
search terms are not highlighted on the cached page. Important Note: the
cached copy of Microsoft file types are safe to view.

);> D Additional results from the same site; clicking on "Show more results
from ... " will bring up the pages from that site that match the keyword(s).

);> E Related Searches offer options either for similar terms or terms with
multiple meanings, e.g., "cardinal."

);> F Sponsored Sites are paid results.

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Live Basic Search http://www.live.com/

Live Search has changed little about its basic search internals in terms of how it
handles queries and the number of basic search options.

Live Search assumes as its default that multiple search terms are joined by the AND
operator, so that a search on the keywords [windows explorer] will find all the
webpages that contain both search terms.

Live Search recognizes double quotes as enclosing a phrase.

Live Search will not return any results if there is no webpage containing all the
search terms. Try this query to see what I mean:

[rollerskate handshake specktioneer]

Unlike Google, Live Search does not limit the number of search terms to 10
keywords. Live will try to match all the keywords you enter.

Live Search is not case sensitive.

Live Search does not offer any word stemming or truncation, i.e., searching for
variations of search terms. A search for [child] will not find [children].

Live Search automatically clusters search results. If you want to see more pages
from a specific site, simply select the link following the uri of the result.

Live permits the use of nested boolean queries in simple search. The operators
must be capitalized. Live Search will run nested boolean queries (those using
parentheses), such as:

[cardinals AND ("st louis" OR arizona) NOT (bird OR catholic)]

Live Search will ignore stop words, i.e., commonplace words, if the query
contains non-stop words; the query [to be or not to be] will only search for the term
"not." However, you can search on any single letter or number by itself, e.g., [1]. You
can also force Live Search to look for stop words either by enclosing the query in
double quotes ["to be or not to be"] or by placing a plus sign in front of the stop word,
e.g., [+1 number] or [+to +be +or +not].

Otherwise, it is unnecessary to use the plus sign (+) with any terms because by
default Live Search searches for all keywords. However, many times searchers need
to exclude certain terms that are commonly associated with a keyword but irrelevant
to their search. That's where the minus sign (-) comes in. Using the minus sign in
front of a keyword ensures that Live Search excludes that term from the search. For
example, the results for the search ["pearl harbor" -movie] are very different from the

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results for ["pearl harbor"]. You may use the boolean operator NOT instead of the
minus sign.

Live Search interprets the ampersand [&] as a space, so these searches are
virtually identical: [at&t], [at & t], ["at t"]. Also, while Live Search will not actually
search on a plus sign, the search engine will search for [c++], although it does not
recognize [c+].

Live Search Advanced Search

Thus far, while Live Search added more advanced search options, it still falls behind
Yahoo and Google in the number and type of advanced search options it offers.
Nonetheless, Live Search has several advanced search features that are accessible
by clicking on the "Advanced" link, which opens a small window that used to be
labeled "Search Builder'' in MSN Search and is still called that on the Help pages.
The advanced search options may also be employed directly by using the correct
syntax in the query box. Live Search's web search help is accessible from a link on
the Live Search home page, but I prefer the old MSN Search, which is still available
and at this point still accurate.

Windows Live Search Help http://search.msn.com/docs/help.aspx

Live Search now offers as many languages in which users may search as Yahoo
and Google. Using either the language preference settings or the advanced search
window, users can select from nearly 40 languages in which to search and see
results. There are three ways to specify a search language:

1. in the Advanced search window, select Language, then pull down and click on
a specific language.

2. type your search terms into the search box, and then add language: followed
immediately by the two-character language code. For example, to search only
for sites in French: [language:fr keyword]

3. a more permanent change would be to go to the Options page and change

your primary search language.

Live Search does not distinguish words using diacritical marks such as accents or
umlauts. Live Search finds terms matching those with and without the diacritic. The
term [fac;ade] finds fac;ade and facade, and vice versa.

Live Search offers several special search terms to restrict searches and make them
more effective.

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~ site/domain: restricts results to a specific website or domain, including a specific

top-level domain. Can be used with or without keywords.
Advanced Search> Site/Domain returns results from specific domains (com, gov,
dell.com, a country digraph, etc.)

Examples of how to use the site: command:

[site:amazon.com] finds www.amazon.com, auction.amazon.com,

www.amazon.com/dvd/. However, it will not find www.amazon.com.br.

[books -site:amazon.com] finds pages containing the keyword "books" that are
not at any amazon.com website.

[site:ir] finds all the pages from the Iranian (.ir) top-level domain indexed by Live
Search.

» country/region: on the Advanced menu; it is identical to the site/domain search

for a country digraph. However, if you do not know a country's top-level domain,
you can use the Country/Region pull-down menu to select the country, and Live
Search will automatically enter the correct country digraph for you.
~ language: restricts results to pages in a specific language. Users must specify a
language using the two-letter code or use Advanced Search. Can be used with or
without additional keywords.
Advanced Search > Language uses pull-down menu to select languages.

Examples of how to use the language: command:

[language:ro] restricts results to sites written in Romanian.

[language:es domain:mx mexico] restricts results to sites written in Spanish in the

Mexican top-level domain that contain the term "mexico."

~ uri: unlike Google's uri query, Live's uri query checks to see if the domain or web
address is in the Live Search index. This query is not really intended to be used
with other search terms.
Examples of how to use the uri: command:

[url:nasa.gov] or [url:education.jpl.nasa.gov] will check to see if a site is indexed

by Live Search.

~ inurl: restricts results to pages that contain search terms within the uri of a site.
Multiple terms can be used, but all must appear in the uri (this query is similar to
Google's allinurl: query).
Examples of how to use the inurl: command:

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[inurl:microsoft] finds all pages containing "microsoft" anywhere in the uri

[inurl:microsoft downloads] finds all pages containing both the terms "microsoft"
and "downloads" anywhere in the uri.

~ inbody: restricts results to pages containing search term(s) in the body of a

webpage. Can be used with or without other search terms .
Example of how to use the inbody: command:

[inbody:amazon -inurl :amazon] finds all pages containing the term "amazon"
anywhere in the body (text) of a webpage but which do not contain the term
"amazon" in the uri of the page.

~ intitle: restricts results to pages containing search term(s) in the webpage's title.
Can be used with or without other search terms.
Examples of how to use the intitle: command:

[intitle:amazon inbody:brazil] will find pages that contain "amazon" in the title of
the webpage and "brazil" in the body text of the webpage.

~ contains: restricts results to pages that have links to specific the file type(s). Can
be used with or without other search terms.
Examples of how to the contains: command:

[music contains:mp3] finds webpages that contain links to MP3 files and have the
keyword "music" in them.

("final report" contains:pdf] finds webpages that contain links to PDF files that
have the phrase "final report" in them.

~ link: Restricts results to pages containing links to a specific uri. Can be used with
or without additional keywords.
Advanced Search > Links to returns results for pages that currently link to a
specific uri.

Examples of how to use the link: command:

[link:jpl.nasa.gov] finds all pages containing links to the specific domain

jpl.nasa.gov.

[link:jpl.nasa.gov asteroid] finds all pages containing links to any page in the
jpl.nasa.gov domain and the keyword "asteroid" anywhere on the linking
web page.

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);> linkdomain: Restricts results to pages that link to any page within the specified
domain. This is a broader search than the link: query. You can use this option to
determine how many links there are to a specific page from sites indexed by Live
Search. Can be used with or without additional keywords.
Examples of how to use linkdomain:

[linkdomain:jpl.nasa.gov] finds all pages containing links to any page at

jpl.nasa.gov, including echo.jpl.nasa.gov, voyager.jpl.nasa.gov, etc.

[linkdomain:jpl.nasa.gov cassini] finds all pages containing links to any page at

jpl.nasa.gov and that also include the term "cassini" at the linking website.

star [linkdomain:jpl.nasa.gov -site:jpl.nasa.gov] will find all pages containing links

to any page at jpl.nasa.gov from sites other than jpl.nasa.gov (this eliminates
internal links from the overall results).

);> linkfromdomain: Restricts results to pages that are linked from the specified
domain. This query only works with second-level domains, e.g., [domain.com].
You can use this option to determine how many links there are from a specific
page. Can be used with or without additional keywords.
Examples of how to use linkfromdomain:

[linkfromdomain:nasa.gov] finds all the pages the nasa.gov domain links to, i.e.,
links from nasa.gov to site x.

[linkfromdomain:nasa.gov standards] finds all pages the nasa.gov domain links to

that contain the term "standards" on their webpage, i.e., links from nasa.gov to
site x where site x contains the keyword "standards."

);> Results ranking: allows users to emphasize different factors to get a different
set of results for the same search.
1. Type your search terms into the search text box, and then click Advanced
Search.

2. Select Results ranking, and then move the equalizer slider(s) in the direction
you want.

Live Search Help explains Results ranking in this way:

"You can put emphasis on different factors to get a different set of results for the
same search. The sliders control:

• Updated recently: To modify your search to add emphasis to sites that

have been recently added to the search index, move the left slider up.

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• Very popular: To add emphasis to sites by the number of other sites that
link to them, move the middle slider up.

• Approximate match: To put the most emphasis on the match between

your exact search words and your results, move the right slider down .

Notes

• Approximate match overrides the first two slider rankings.

• Results ranking applies to web searches only."

It is easier to visualize how to use results ranking by looking at an example. In this

case , the search on ["saudi arabia"] has been reranked to emphasize pages that
have been recently updated {frsh=1 00} means the "freshness" ranking of these
pages is 100 or the most recently updated pages in the Live Search database:

Search terms 'J pdat e:d rerently Verv ~,o pular A ppro ~ imace m,atch

Site/Dornain
Ltnks t o
Country/Region
Language
t
Static Les,; popu lar Ex ad: match
Slide the bar:; t o Y>'eioht these factors . .. ,. " ·: , , ~ ' :.:_,
~esults ranking!

);> filetype: restricts results to a specific filetype. Can be used with or without
additional keywords. The file types Live Search will search for include the major
Microsoft file types and a few others:
Microsoft Excel (xis)

Microsoft PowerPoint (ppt)

Microsoft Word (doc)

Portable Document Format (pdf)

Rich Text Format (rtf)

Text (txt)

Examples of how to use the filetype: command:

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[filetype:doc domain:nasa.gov] finds all Word files at the NASA domain in Word
format.

[filetype:xls "financial data"] finds all Excel spreadsheets that contain the phrase
"financial data."

Live Search does offer safe previewing of non-HTML file types, and this is
especially useful for Microsoft file types, such as Word documents and
PowerPoint slides. In order to access the safe HTML versions, users must
select the "Cached page" on the results page:

Gt.!idel1nes t't:li~ a ReVised Proor.:::m ru!lpott

Guidelines f.-..r Prepazing ;;; A!evised Progr<!iffi Report. in $pring 200"1 ...!. l%lvisad
.ol'ugrarn i!t'eport does not require ·theo submissio.n -of all c!M1pooents. of t:he i'JiiSJin;ai
report.
Yl>''li'if<.ncat8,<:Ji"IJ!docum8l1l.s/vro~r<J•'i'lPAvieW/ Gt~d<:~lir$sRe v > ~sdP'P)ljram~.opor(.~occ
·lc_~~-o~e · C•Cr~ woe I

. additional keywords.
Examples of how to use the ip: command:

[ip:66.218.77.68] finds all the sites on this speci"flc host computer.

[ip:66.218. 77.68 "computer security"] finds all the sites on this specific host
computer containing the phrase "computer security."

~ · It limits
searches to text within a feed. Feeds are specially formatted brief descriptions of
content with a link to the full version of that content. RSS (and the competing
Atom) feeds are in XML format. These feeds are usually used for syndicating
web content such as blogs and news. The feed: command only searches the text
of the feed, which is often a very condensed description of the full web content.
Example of how to use the feed: command:

[feed:"trojan horse"]

Each of the results represents an XML feed that includes the phrase "trojan
horse." There is no point in clicking on the link in a browser because that brings

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up the XML page that most browsers are not designed to parse. The cached
copy shows the search terms as they appeared in the feed.

>- hasfeed: shows the pages that offer feed links and, if you add a keyword
(something I'm pretty sure Live intended you to do), the pages with feed links and
that also have that keyword somewhere on the page.
Examples of how to use the hasfeed: command:

[hasfeed :"trojan horses"]

The results are webpages that offer news feeds and contain the phrase "trojan
horses" on the webpage. This does not guarantee, however, that the news feed
will be about Trojan horses, but the chances are good that if you are looking for
sites with newsfeeds about this topic, you can find them using this query.

[hasfeed :encryption site: microsoft. com]

This query should find the pages at the Microsoft website with feeds about
encryption . What this query actually finds are pages at the Microsoft site that
contain both XML feeds and the word encryption in the text, so a little research
will reveal which of these Microsoft newsfeeds are the most appropriate to the
topic of encryption .

This command is listed at the Live.com but is not working properly:

>- inanchor: restricts results to pages containing search term(s) in the webpage
anchor.
Live Search Special Features
Spell Checker: Live Search has a very good spell check option. When you input a
query, Live checks to see if you are using the most common spelling of the keyword .
If not, just like Google, Live nicely asks, * Were you looking for x, where x is the
most common spelling. The Live Search dictionary also includes some proper
names.

Dictionary Definitions : as with Google and Yahoo, Live Search offers the define
option. To use it, type [define] then a word or brief phrase, e.g., [define king cobra].
Live's define option is more limited than some others because it only refers to
Encarta.

Encarta: Microsoft's encyclopedia and general reference source Encarta provides

answers to questions and facts about a topic. Users can type questions and
(sometimes) get direct answers to them by simply entering a question and clicking
on Search. Live Search does a much better job of correctly answering questions
than MSN Search did (unlike its predecessor, it correctly identified Chirac as the

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French president). Live Search can also directly answer certain specific questions,
such as [how tall is the empire state building]:

t~YC qit'tz ·,and .wi.NemiS ·Stith a$ l'lilV2

N¥. rotJV; tJYP(I "!¥! me<~ Or) sale

.Emi?Jr~§~~!r;_~ltlJiUD!ih. N~~':t .!!?.rk.(_tiLY}a_UnLt~4__g>_t~!~? h~lght: 381

~ore· #iii'> :tQ >?.V~ on·hotGls. ne;w
m/t2SO ft l~li..U . Empire l!tnt'l ~·iihliiJg,. Nliw Vqrf..
~~~;,:·w. J)( if~,:!fin~'! .,•.')Z)f·n

Live Search no longer has the Encarta option that used to exist on MSN Search. For
now, the easiest way I have found to invoke Encarta from Live Search and to take
advantage of the Encarta Free Pass is to limit your search to Encarta using the site:
syntax, e.g., [site:encarta.msn.com keyword]. This will give you two hours of free
Encarta research.

Measurement Conversions: Live Search uses Encarta Answers to convert

distance, weight, time, volume, and temperature. The conversions may be stated as
questions, e.g., [how many seconds in a year?], or as a simple phrase:

RSS Results: when added to the end of any search result, the &format=rss
parameter will provide users those search results via RSS. "When you subscribe to
this RSS feed from Live Search, you'll get the top ten search results for this query
delivered to your RSS Reader or personalized site. You can subscribe to any
number of RSS feeds of Live Search results and view them all in your RSS Reader
without re-running your search queries." To use this option, first search for your
terms, e.g., [tsunami relief]. On the results' page, add &format=rss to the end of the
uri in the address bar and hit return:

http://search.live.com/results.aspx?q=tsunami&mkt=en-
US&form=QBRE&go.x=O&go.y=O&go=Search&format=rss

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The resulting page will look something like this; from here, follow the instructions on
the webpage:

RS$ Feed fqf-MSij,s,&rcf:l

Thts· is ·tn~t RSS.reea.ror yo•ii:~rcn . Wtlfll) you.siJilS(rltle to fillS R~ reed r~m · MSNSI!artn . Y()(J'ft ger rne rop .ten: .
~arcn resi.Jtt~ ror tnl$ q\leiy.qerl<iere.;i to your RS!J Reaaer or perSQ~Jallred ~e . YOii ci-<in &i.Jti.SCilbe tci any numb&( or'RSS
reeas ot MSN Sean:n.~re5!J1ts : and .vie.o; mem a~ Ill your RSS Re<!oe(~DIJ!recrunriing younea!tn: ~ert~s , nyau woula
@e to'learil more aDOut RSS aoo how. to· u~ KoMi(.our he~ ropiccon lile sunj&t MSN 8aarch RSS·Fe.M~
You can sullscr1be·to•tnlS lf!e(f.t:ry · ~op)tng, me u11.ar.o: paanng ~ tnto your RSS·re3Cl!!r.
http:!~ear.itl.nve,com:aoireStlrts~ispl(?<f'tSU~IIII&tonn~rss&FORM=i:ioRE

Oi, ff-you atre&ll'y.u-;e ime o(ll'le:Se ieade[~. yDtJ .can sub.Si:iltle..ttn jllit-one-cticl<:
~.!

Par.<i ftr "wf'rami ·Mus-;•Jm 1·1om8pa-Qe

'lt~id~: \ 1\il~iu rri!tiJrjl
~seum ttt.promourput)!lc Mucauon aoout·tsiJf1amis [Or me pl!1)ple oHtte·P!Itiftt·Reglo:l·rne museum v.m ar.~o.pr~etVe
sacialat].(l c.urtlirar ntstory arid.serve a$.;n1Ying·meroonarro·mose 'l!tlo rosttrreil' ..
~2 :fiHp ns r:?- ~ s- GJl urr.

tsuriarrii ;QGV
~;;p:/1) 911~~
i[i ~ ·)~ iJij 1 ; .J I f,;<)'I.J'\(
TSIK,alni- Wii<lpedia, lhe freP. eoc.v~ dia
!l:t!>:ti•n:i~~;p_,.,j; · ;.:·vm\W'r,+~inarni
A i~unami mronuncfatioo 'lsi>;(IO!Pl'f OF!tsu'.oo;rnil ).Is ·a !.eries of .,.,.aves·-..nen a·oody. g1 w..te1 , wen.a·s an;ocean.iS
·(apidfY·displaceii onoa·massiYe sc.ale . EiR1tlqua~ , mas~ · mc.'/ements·aoove Of•.... .
2>1 k ;; I~ llJ:!loW •JI~

2004 ll'l!ljj.fl.§>O. <'~ll ~®_g_ua\1~.· Wi~~a1 lt;t?.k..~-~f]~Y.(;~~!ii.rti@

lll:¢/l; ~.wi!(ipedi~Lt.t 'f'riW.!004,)n(fiori_O<."~"c.'~• llllqa~
The (JisaS!er .is l;nll'im in.Asfa arJ!lln ihe 1nternatinmrl.med1aoas tt~e A~an Tsunami , and:also.called ~ B(JI<jng Day
T.sunemi in Australia· . C~f!atla , Ne¥1 Zealand , ;mct the Vr.ite£fK•rig<Jom as it:t~k-place ·ql) ...
i i ~odlf 13.1J:JJ\Jt(o · · ' · ·

''f'i'*or!lfcto T§Ynamit
~~ti~tf~f!W;~.mt r::,n!llo't ;J,Vu~ Urrar"V
Wettoine io T~unamll T5llnamil is ·nosied ;m<S maintair.ed at trre lllil.ve~itv otwa,hilgtoo tiy the Department ot Earth
and Spate Silen~es • This wet~oileh. deaicated to p~Jng.ge~ral ... · ·· · · · · ··
2t1s~~ uu. lJ ..;s SJD urc

Number Search: Live Search offers many types of number searches, including:

);> UPS tracking: enter the UPS tracking number [1 Z9999X99999999] or [ups
1Z9999X99999999].

);> USPS tracking: enter the tracking number or USPS plus the tracking number
with or without spaces [usps 9999999999999999999999].

);> FedEx tracking: enter the tracking number or FEDEX plus the tracking
number [fedex 9999999999999999].

);> DHL and Airborne Express tracking: enter DHL plus the tracking number
[DHL 9999999999]; a DHL tracking search must include DHL in the query.

ISBN: enter any International Standard Book Number or [isbn 9999999999]..

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Calculator: Live Search uses the Encarta Calculator and Equation Solver to perform
mathematical functions using "operators, exponents, and roots, factorials, modulo,
percentages, logarithms, trig functions, and mathematical constants." The Encarta
calculator appears to be the most sophisticated of all those offered by major search
engines because it will even solve complex algebraic equations, such as 4x"3-
2x+.9=0

The Live Search calculator uses the following symbols:

Add +

Subtract -

Multiply *

Divide I

1\
Raise a number to an exponent (For example, 3"2 is 3 squared)

Specify the order of operation ()

Find a percent of a number %of

Find the square root of a number sqrt

Find the sine of an angle sin

Find the cosine of an angle cos

Find the cosine of an angle !

http ://search.world.msn .com/docs/help.aspx?t=SEARCH PROC FindFactsNStatistics.htm

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Live Search Services

Images: the Live Search image database is no longer Picsearch. Instead, Live
Image Search uses Microsoft's own proprietary image database. Images are
displayed as thumbnails (small versions of the original images), and the user can
resize the thumbnails either using the slider or the dropdown "all image size" menu.
One of the other changes to image search is the addition of a Scratch pad, which lets
users drag and drop images onto a collection of images on the right-hand size of the
screen. At this time, you do not have to have an account with Live in order to retrieve
your image collections (they are retrieved based upon a cookie set by Live). When
you mouse over an image, it zooms to a slightly larger size and moves toward the
center and a box appears that shows the image source and size, and a link to the
page where the image resides. If you click on the link, the linked page appears on
the right with a "show image" in the top left corner. At present there are no advanced
search options for images.

---- --- -- ;··---,. ,--- .. -- ~ - -· ----- - .

...........\H j•

di('l!t:r:tiu.!;. ~~ lj j
file',-trtt~ ~::6o.:t­
lrcO,..~i'!W,y!-1,.C_hN<t '~J:J~<

~ l.qft
di«t+P1i _,i.~! · ~~::',)~4 {)J.
iii~ '!'.ir.,-: G'S~t.
lit.,:r•.: J/~_'JI .0,~1-ti ~t>Ct!.; .. g,\1,.,._.,

E.wUL:l.llc
J!i?Ji .ttt.rl~~r·! ii-9? ~ ~ ~4~
.o~t~-- .i~ aH
1;1 ..
I•(H•!<''! •'~. ~t -~ ioll •tln~-JX!:;..:;t: j

~~·~....... ~
: llii~'!:r.ii ... ~ tc: ~4 '-_.M<({M

i ~~~:.t~1t..~.-~J•>J>i~
-~ ' - .. - ~. . . . . ·.- ... ~ ....... ' -~-- •• ~- ·. ~ . ·.• • '1' "

t" r;Q'e *':·~~-.: :--.:;A f' ~-:- .."!;;;;t j l-"QIJ;· ! ~hL· . S...f' • r:r.A i :-~ · ~ -nrf~. ;. ::-~b':f ;j~>r-< : ·, i"-i·-oh!':l':;) b.~ ~~~!;'d',( t'Ud ··~r, l : t ( ..·t.~ ·~~.::. : ·t .~i::: '::•!• ;~_ t •.;:::c ~'<t.r-i..

Also, when you search for a famous person using Live image search, look for the
"Related People" window to appear on the right side of the screen. This can be an

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extremely useful tool in finding relationships between people in the news or historical
figures.
The Live image search respects some but not all of the web search syntax and
some of it is not really very useful for image search:
);> site/domain: restricts results to images from a specific website or domain,
including a specific top-level domain (com, gov, dell.com, a country digraph,
etc.). May be used with or without keywords.
Examples of how to use the site: command in image search:
[site:amazon.com "twelfth night"] finds images of "twelfth night" that are from
amazon.com; note that the images from amazon.com may reside on another
website (amazon.com is in the image's uri).
[site:ir] finds all the image pages from the Iranian (.ir) top-level domain indexed
by Live Search.
);> inurl: restricts results to images that contain the term in the uri of the image
itself. Can be used with or without other search terms.
Examples of how to use the inurl: command in image search:
[inurl:amazon "rain forest"} finds all pages containing "amazon" in the uri of the
image and "rain forest" anywhere on the webpage.
);> intitle: restricts results to images that appear on pages containing search term(s)
in the title of the webpage. Can be used with or without other search terms.
Examples of how to use the intitle: command in image search:
[intitle:amazon brazil] will find pages that contain "amazon" in the title of the
webpage and "brazil" anywhere on the webpage.
[intitle:amazon inurl:brazil] will find pages that contain "amazon" in the title of the
webpage and "brazil" in the image's uri.
Video Search: Live video search is clearly trying to be competitive in the video
search market. In October, Microsoft announced a new partnership with Blinkx to
power its video search. This looks like a very good move for Microsoft. "Biinkx
already powers video search on sites ranging from AOL to ITN, Lycos and Times
Online. It also indexes video from the likes of BCC, Fox, MTV, Sky News, Reuters
and YouTube and makes and makes videos on those sites searchable on Blinkx or
partner sites. To date, the company has indexed more than six million hours of
audio, video, and TV programming to make it searchable." 55 However, as of this
writing, the Live video search has not yet been updated to reflect this
partnership.

55
Eric Auchard, "Biinkx Signs Microsoft Pact," Reuters via Yahoo, 9 October 2006,
<http:l/news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20061009/wr nm/media blinkx de 3> (17 October 2006).

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As of now, the Live video search results include a thumbnail image from the video
with the title, source, length, and format. All videos are viewed at the originating site,
as shown below with the Newsweek On Air interview with Iranian President
Ahmadinejad.

~~1t~~t:~~!~:..i-~;~~~;~th·:;::~~:=~~~=~;~~-.
aothor pf •Prom. the SecvfitY
tarrotiit'> l>oir.tt· ofViaw." {Pr<teg@r·
N/i~JJS'V'I/ I~ J;k' · \ir,l ;,.r-; ~ ~r:; .., ·'!\ ':' ~-~-.c. r ~ ~.., , H.l"< ~~- .

~ II
@~n -- :
.,_.~ !~~~~-~-:-~.:.:::=:~-~:-- - ·~:~:-~~~,=~:
~-- -- -------------------------· -------------· ______ _ _ _ _]

a~usp_ensian of

You can use some of the web search syntax for video search. Note the difference
between these two searches:
[site:reuters.com iran]
[reuters iran]
The first query returns only those videos on Iran from the Reuters website; the
second query returns queries from any site that includes the keywords "reuters" and
"iran." We will have to wait and see how these query options change once the
results come from Blinkx.
News Search: as of now, the Live news search is only a list of stories listed by
relevance. MSN Newsbot <http://newsbot.msnbc.msn.com/> remains Microsoft's
premier news page. However, if you want to search for news stories, MSN Newsbot
takes you directly to the new Live news search. Most of the web search
commands work for news search. Especially useful is the site/domain: syntax,
which lets users limit a news query to a specific source:

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[site:washingtonpost.com iran] finds pages at the Washington Post website that

contain the keyword "iran." One big drawback of the Live news search is its inability
to list the results by date. ·

Feed Search (Beta): This search is virtually identical to the feed: websearch. It
limits searches to text within a feed. Feeds are specially formatted brief descriptions
of content with a link to the full version of that content. RSS (and the competing
Atom) feeds are in XML format. These feeds are usually used for syndicating web
content such as blogs and news. The feed search only searches the text of the feed,
which is often a very condensed description of the full web content.
Example of how to use the feed: command:
[feed:"trojan horse"]
Each of the results represents an XML feed that includes the phrase "trojan horse."
There is no point in clicking on the link in a browser because that brings up the XML
page that most browsers are not designed to parse. The cached copy shows the
search terms as they appeared in the feed.

Live Book Search (beta): Microsoft added its own proprietary book search in late
2006. Details are in the Book Search section below.
Academic (Beta): Microsoft introduced Academic Search Beta for scholarly search
earlier this year, and it is now also a Live search option. Academic search still has a
separate website at the Windows Academic Live Beta Homepage. Clearly,
Academic search is intended to compete with Google Scholar and other scholarly
search sites. Unlike Google Scholar, Academic search focuses on computer
science, physics, medical, and electrical engineering publications. As with Amazon
and Google Scholar, Academic search has partnered with the Online Computer
Library Center (OCLC). "OCLC's involvement in Windows Live Academic is part of
the Open WorldCat Find in a Library program," 56 and also provides metadata from
WorldCat to Academic search to give researchers access to the resources in library
collections around the world.
As with almost anything, Academic search has good features and weaknesses. Here
is a snapshot of the first page of results on the search [neural network]. When you
execute a query, you will be presented with an interface that looks like this. One of
the first things you notice is the split screen, which I actually like.

56
"WorldCat live in Windows Live Academic search tool," OCLC Newsletter, Issue 2, 2006,
<http://www.oclc.org/nextspace/002/updates.htm> (17 October 2006).

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On the left you see the results; on the right-hand side of the screen is more detailed
information that appears automatically as you click on different results. You have the
option to view the abstract or properly formatted citations:
1. Slider bar: This allows you to expand or contract the amount of
information contained in the search result
2. Preview pane: This pane allows you to obtain more information on the
result that you are hovering over with your mouse on the results pane
3. Abstract: one of the options in the preview pane- choosing this option
will allow you to see the abstract of the article that you are hovering
over with your mouse on the results pane
4. BibTeX/RefWorks/EndNote: citation options in the preview pane -
choosing one of these options will allow you to see the formatted
citation (BibTeX, RefWorks, or EndNote format) on the preview pane
for the search result that you are hovering over with your mouse on the
results pane. BibTeX, RefWorks, and EndNote are different formats
that allow users to create citations automatically. The EndNote RIS

136 UNCLASSIFIED'/~QR 9FFISI,tcl tJSE er~t t

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format is compatible with EndNote, Reference Manager, and ProCite

programs.
5. Search result: the actual search result; this includes links to the full text
of the paper, link to search the web for that paper and potentially links
that allow you to search your library for access to the full text from their
subscription
6. Sort by options: allows you to sort the search results by relevance
(default), oldest or newest date, author of paper, journal, or
conference.
The best things about Academic search are:
~ a list of journals it searches (something Google Scholar sorely needs); still,
the list is too general (for example, IEEE Computer Society encompasses a
huge number of journals and publications):
<http://academic.live.com/AcademicJournals.htm>

~ the preview pane is a good idea-no need to open new windows.

~ the slider to view more or less information.

~ the ability to extract citations (if you need to cite the information, this is a big
benefit).

~ the "find it in a library near you" search: [worldcatlibraries keyword].

Academic search needs to improve :

~ lack of citation search (everyone seems to agree this is the biggest problem
that simply must be rectified).

~ no advanced search (may come later).

~ not enough content.

Edit Macros: http://search.live.com/macros/default.aspx

This new feature allows users to "create their own search engine," so to speak. Of
course, you are not really making a new search engine. In fact, what you are really
doing with a basic macros' search is automatically generating a "site:" search. A
basic macros search for ["north korea" "nuclear test"] on CNN, Reuters, and USA
Today is equivalent to:
["north korea" "nuclear test" (site:www.cnn.com OR site:www.reuters.com OR
site:www.usatoday.com)]
The advantage of the macros is that they are much simpler to create, especially if
you want to search 30 sites, and you can easily save and retrieve your macros, but
you must sign in to Live. com in order to save and retrieve your macros.

UNCLASSIFIED/IFOR OFFIGIAL l:JSE ONLY 137

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Find Macros: http ://qaHery.live.com/default.aspx?l =4

Using other people's macros may be a much more fruitful activity. Microsoft has
created a special page at its Gallery website to help users find already existing
macros to add to a Live search page . The macros are by type: top categories, top
downloads, and what's new, as well as new macros highlighted at the top of the
page. Users can add any macros to their Live Search homepage by clicking on the
"Add to Live.com" button. However, be careful. As of now the only way to
remove/delete a macro that you have added to Live.com in your browser is to delete
the browser's cookies (Microsoft, this needs to be fixed!). Also, if you try to add an
uncertified macro to Live.com, you will get this: "This third-party application could
include code that is unsafe." While the danger from these simple macros is probably
very small to non-existent, this message does not exactly instill confidence, so
caveat quaesitor.

New M~ctl:,
Releil$t-s
Gadget

'~r,~·~.~M ·~~-?~'~(§
'F:Ui~ f~ ~~~:f~1:)

Given the newness of Live Macros, there are not very many to choose from yet;
however, I expect to see this list grow and there are already some useful macros,
such as the "reference" macros . Here is the reference macro added to the Live
Search main menu with the results from querying the reference macro only.

138 UNCLASSIFIEDUFOR OFFI61AL tJSE ONLY

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!J:D'!IllwJJ.::...~..:...l'l'Jk!2f,'il@~J;b.:t...tf.i~~p~\£;-~ ur.nnh.Hu, 235 R!Mt<io•s

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We. Have Ever)~ Uroniurn · 235
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4-S>< lO fl. y~;!•<J.); ~;!so .,·..,zen! an~ u~<soiurn-2!15- (hdlf-~~ 7-><10 8 ~,;,~r~) <lrW
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~~~··n-'1 ;fUIC. ycl(ip~a;.?tirrVkidc/;!r!',l. ... ur:iink~m. f\~1!! ~ -~~~S..b.\!:.4..lt~GS .

uranium: rY'::tov~•:Y ari(LU>:e5

Uranlum-235 is' the llf"tty na t~naji~J oce-yrrihg .noc~ar f.ssS on fuel. bu~ tt)is isotope :is
O:t'dy .about "1 P·3r,t 'ii\ 1."4Q tlf"" ntttuu;,l i..n'ar'lirJ((l; .l!'t'f! b'-!1-!rl;t~ \~ rrt61U\' iJ~~lkltfl-'2 :l8.·.
'!V¥?YtJ;lf0;Jlci~tJ~Ccm/l;~/~r~·J ..Q.i!S~tf.,~~.ht.mi · .t.o.~~·tg.. u.~o.~.

I believe there are too many results from Wikipedia in the reference search, but you
can easily eliminate the Wikipedia results by adding [-site:wikipedia.org] to any query
(conversely, you could limit your search to Wikipedia by adding [site:wikipedia.org] to
your query. Live Search Macros are only the latest in a number of "create your own
search engine" options, all of which are variations on complex queries of already
existing search engines. For comparison , see the section on Custom Search
Engines below. ·
QnA: Live Search's new QnA (question and answer) search is mostly fluff, at least
for now. You can look at the questions and responses to see what I mean (typical
questions: "How can i get my Space Cadet Pinball that was preinstalled in Windows
XP back in Windows Vista?" "Do you think the Internet is contributing to 'Intellectual
Laziness'?"). Lots of opinion, not a lot of fact. Let us hope this is not all that "Web
2.0" portends.
Live Platform: In September 2005 Microsoft announced it would begin offering APis
for Live Search, Virtual Earth , Spaces (weblogs), Messenger, Gadgets, and Expo
classified ads database. These have begun to rival Google in terms of innovation

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and shared technology. To keep abreast of these changes, I recommend the MSN
Developer Center.
MSN Developer Center's Windows Live Platform and Services for Web Mash ups
http://msdn.microsoft.com/live/default.aspx
Microsoft subsequently opened Windows Live Dev (Beta), a "one-stop shop for the
Windows Live Platform, including information on getting started with Windows Live
services, latest documentation and APis, samples, access to community areas and
relevant blogs, and announcements of future releases and innovations." 57 Microsoft
is trying to make it easy for users to integrate their products with Live regardless of
platform, browser, or language. Certainly the first two are a departure for Microsoft,
which in the past had made the requirement of a Windows platform and an Internet
Explorer browser a necessity in most cases in order to "play ball" with the software
giant. A further example of Microsoft's reluctant openness is the fact that Microsoft's
Internet Explorer 7+ browser will not default to Live Search, something other search
engines had objected to.
Windows Live Dev (Beta) http://dev.live.com/

Microsoft is working very hard to improve and expand its search properties, so much
so that at times one feels as if we can see them working under the hood as we
watch. Clearly, there are many things that need improvement and many things that
are very good about Live.com. It will continue to be one of the top search sites on
the Internet. If you are interested in keeping up with news about and changes to Live
Search, there is a blog devoted to it; the blog offers RSS and Atom syndication.
Also, all the Windows Live Beta projects are accessible through one webpage if you
want to see what Microsoft is planning.
Windows Live Ideas Beta http://ideas.live.com/
Live Search Weblog http://blogs.msdn.com/livesearch/

57
Windows Live Dev, Live Dev News, 8 June 2006,
<http://dev.live.com/bloqs/devlive/archive/2006/05/19/15.aspx> (17 October 2006).

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Gigablast

The Gigablast search engine, which has been around since 2002, is still not quite in
the same league as powerhouses Google, Yahoo, and Live Search, but it is well on
its way to becoming one of the best search engines. That's something of a surprise
given Gigablast's humble origins and unique status among major search engines. In
case you're not familiar with Gigablast, it is different from its major competitors most
notably because it is still owned and largely run by the guy who first wrote its C++
code in 2000. Matt Wells is still the very hands-on proprietor of Gigablast. Its
database now indexes over 2 billion pages, up from 650 million in late 2004.
While this falls short of the size of the Google, Yahoo, and Live Search databases,
it's not bad, especially considering a lot of the "stuff' in those databases is dross and
the numbers are not verified independently.

How does Gigablast stack up to the big boys? Gigablast has some very nice
features, some of which are unique to it, such as the IP range search (something
AlltheWeb once offered).

Gigablast http://www.gigablast.com/
Strengths

~ simple interface
~ cached copies with date indexed [archived copies]
~ cached copies of webpages without images [stripped]
~ links to Internet Archives [older copies]
~ clusters results by default (can be turned off)
~ no limit on number of search terms
~ file types indexed include Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint, as well as
PDF, PostScript, HTML, and text; syntax is:
o type:pdf for Adobe Acrobat PDFs
o type:doc for Microsoft Word documents
o type:ppt for PowerPoint presentations
o type:xls for Excel spreadsheets
o type:ps for PostScript files
o type:text for ASCII text files
o type:html for HTML Web pages

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This query finds all the sites in the Gigablast database that begin with the IP
address 66.218.77:

Results Uo ·10 ot ab.out70;997 foriP:66218:77 .

Yaho.o! (;'eaCities
ws.~p~lli~s ,yahliri. r:p.'l"'IQilM~~·t:im~mtJar=l)li!t'rlanjS21 ° ntkoIartllived ail!JYl, ~ o · !fi)!t~r eo~le.slo !n(lexeu; Jul ~& aoos modified: 0

'Jul27 2005 ·

Roces.GIJtars .·
~t<:~M.(.ilfe~.yah~ o-. ~oM!!Iflisign?n\etl~l:l~r-:ratefiog<~n 2,3K · {<Hthi\iiffi'topyJ. [stripped] •to!dew:rpi~SI •.Indexed: Jul26 2005 •
°

modf1i(!d;JyJ 28 2{)05 · · · ·
[ l!l!)t!ue~IJ!ts·rram tills si!SJ

This query finds all the sites in the Gigablast database residing on the specific
host whose IP address is 66.218.77.68:

~ IP.:66:~1~82;7.:6!L___·_.__o_ ....-·o·--·-·--..---.--ooo-·J il.L M· ~"·~~

Re<>utts 1. to 10 otabout.49;152 torlp:66;218.'l7;6B.

SMScheerleadinq
br::~.i;ripiil.>n: The ·omi:ial thaerleadinll·. page for ·.sMs·in · Manassa~ , Virginia. provides II)'Oul;informalion, team ·nem, and
·tontliCIS. . . . . . . . ' .
C~e·r)olr.. Sl:wrti:ic·Chee!'lea\llln§r·v,,uth .and •R~. m~!i.im .
~·l:gc:e~tllie~.C:othl~a llrese~•9i!<mei<Jclll8111!Scri.e.ef!i8Qll i ng·:tltml · 30 ;1!k 0
[inei\!VedJiop}'}olslil'PP&dl:oloielgr copl?Sio lnelexsd: Oct l)g :W05 °
modified: Feb 1e:zoo5

~ other special syntax includes link:, site:, title:, and suburl:, which searches
for web pages that have the keyword anywhere in the uri
~ although Gigablast will ignore stop words in a long query, users can search
on any word or number by itself
~ default operator is AND; OR and AND NOT also work; nested queries (with
parentheses) are supported
~ ~-~ only search
engine that will display the metatags in the results list, but the syntax for this
query is very complex. Please see the Gigablast review at Search Engine
Showdown for details on this type of query:
"Meta Tag Searching and Display: Gigablast is the only search engine
indexing meta tags beyond just the meta description and meta keywords that
some others index. It is the only search engine that can also display meta

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tags in the results list. Gigablast claims to be indexing all "generic" meta tags.
In addition, it can display the meta tags in the results list. Doing this requires
adding commands to the URL of the results list. At the end of the uri, add a
&dt= followed by the word(s) for the meta tags, followed by a colon, and then a
number to represent how many characters from each meta tag should be
displayed . So, for example, adding &dt=keywords+author+generator+description:30
will display the meta tag content for meta keywords, meta author, meta
generator, and meta description tags for any records retrieved. Use a +
between meta tag words. It seems that this "generic" meta tag approach
excludes more complex meta tags like Dublin Core, which use a syntax like
DC.Creator. The dot syntax will not work for the display command, although
Gigablast does index some of the content of these tags." 58

Sample Output of Meta Tag Search

Reload IG http://www.gigablast.com/search>k!z=134827&q=dublin+core&dt=kc. l ~
add string to the end of
..DC- dot now conforms with the Expressing Dublin Core in HTMUXHTML meta and I
.. Now you can click on the DC- dot button, wherever you are, to create Dublin Core m resulting uri in address
about.. ..This se!Vice will relrieve a Web page and automalically generate Dublin C o r i o - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '
metadata, either as ..
D2:o:snr-t,x,· Give DC- dot a URL and see the Dublin Core it generates .
keywol <Is: Dublin Core, DG; generator; editor; Warwick Framework; SOIF; TEl; US MARC; XML; GILS; ROADS; RDF; IMS
yenelaiOI: HTML TidY. see 'N•.WV.W3 org
dP.SCiilllion: A CGI based Dublin Core
r~:;legmv. Referenre : Librane s: Llbraty and lnfurrnalion Science: Te chnical Setvices: cataloguin,J: l•,teta,Jata· Dul,lin Cote
'oWN'.ukoln.ac ui<J'rnel«d«laidflloU- B.Bk- larchiverJ copy!-~ -!older copies! - indexed : Oct 05 2005 · modified: Dec 1 I 2001

Dublin Core lv1etadata Template

.. When the lis! of Qualifiers for Dublin Core elements is finally decided upon, Ihis temp late
will ... .You may include my name and email-address in a list of those using Dublin COle .
Addilional DC .. ..Dublin Core Metadala Template .. This service is provided by lhe "Nordic
Meladata Projecf' in ..
:)€:>•. riplto>r from the Nordic Meta data Project
~ ai"\1'J''V Refen:mce· Libraries· Ubrart and lnforrnalion Science: Technical Ser;ices: Colal oguino: Me\arJata: Dublin Cote
W·NoN.Iub.lu .selcgi-binlnrndc.p l - 40.5k-larchived cwtl- ~-[older copies)- indexed : Oct 05 2005

Dublin Core/MARC/GIL S Crosswalk

or
.. For conversion MARC 21 into Dublin Core, many fields may be mapped inlo a single
Dublin Core .. .. In lhe Dubtin Core to MARC mapping, two mappings are provided,
one for unqualified Dublin C01e .... The following is a crosswalk between lhe fifteen elemenls
In the Dublin Core Element Set and MARC ..
D~:. crir;lpJrr Library of Congress
keywol<ls. MARC Dublin Core GILS Crosswalk
.11Rho1· LiiJrary or Congress ~letwork: Development aM MARC Standards Office
rlesclillfion: Crosswalk irom Dublin Core
r,:Jtegon:. Reierenre: Libra11es: Library and Information Science: Technical Setvices : Cataloquinq : Metildata: crossw::~lks
lcweb lucgovim:midccross.litrnl- 18.6k- [atcllived copy]- [stripped)- loldet copies! - indexed : Oct 06 2005- modified : Dec 31 2002

~ clearly displays date webpage was indexed and, in some cases, modified
~ search query spellchecker (Did you mean? option)

58
Greg R. Notess, "Review of Gigablast," Searchengineshowdown, 17 September 2006,
http://www .search eng ineshowdown.com/features/qigablasUreview.html> ( 14 November 2006).

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);> undocumented feature: will search in some specific languages, but I don't
know how many; use language:de to search for webpages in German, for
example.
Weaknesses

);> most obviously, the Gigablast index is still smaller than those of Google,
Yahoo, or Live Search
};> no truncation
};> is not case sensitive
};> no wildcard
);> limited file type searches
);> limited language options
);> poor documentation

Gigablast Options & Services

Custom Topic Search: Gigablast offers some special options, the most important of
which is a Custom Topic Search, which I discuss in detail under the Custom Search
Engines section below. If you don't read anything else about Gigablast, please
take a look at this innovation.

Directory: As with Google and Yahoo, Gigablast's web directory uses the Open
Directory Project's collection but Gigablast use a "hypertechnology for searching the
directory that allows its users to perform searches over websites , not just the actual
pages, under any topic in the directory, in effect, instantly creating over 500,000
vertical search engines Additionally, all directory searches are enhanced by the
massive amount of link information from Gigablast's multi-billion page index." So a
Gigablast directory search returns not only DMOZ categories but "Giga Bits" and
website listings as well.

XML Search Feed: Gigablast also offers an XML Search Feed that will run up to
1000 queries per day with a maximum of ten results each. But remember, you must
have XML parsing software to read XML feeds, so this new feature isn't an option for
all users.

XML Search Feed http://www .qigablast.com/searchfeed .html

Giga Bits: Gigablast has its own refine option called "Giga Bits." Giga Bits are terms
that appear in a blue box at the top of a results page to help refine and focus your
search .

Related Pages: Gigablast's Related Pages were introduced in March 2005. Related
Pages are "relevant search results which do not necessarily contain the searcher's

144 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOft Of"I"ICIAL l:JSI!! ONC t

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query terms." Related Pages are results that are contextually related to the query
terms without having a direct connection to them. The Related Pages appear in the
yellow box on the results page.

~Search I
Re<>ultrs 1 to 10 of about 2.640,799 for··artificial intelligence ..

26% Artifiual Life

% Artificial Intelligence % Distributed Artficral
Gi0•18lls <morel 21 20
Resources lnte!Ugence
30% CMIJ Artlfrcialtntetllgence Repository 23% Arl1flcrattntethgente % ArtlficiallnletHganc0 20% Johl\ McCarthy
21
L.ft!Ul!a!P..rt ~
% Collec1lon of Computer Science
29 23% ~ 21% Artificiallnt!!lllgence Depot 20% Modem Approach
8rbi10tl1aphtes

Reference Pages

Related Pages ~more) 80% The Mulh-Aqent Sysiems Lab

75% IEEE Computer Soc1etv
100% sigan acm org The IEEE Computer Society is one of the major international
professional bodtes for IT professionals.

AmeJican Associati0n for Artificial Intelligence (AAA!)

.Welcome to the .~mencan Ass.ociation.Jor Artificial Intelligence! Founded in 1979, the ..
American AssociatiOn ror Altnlcl.ll blfeiU!Jellce (AAAI} Is a nonprofit. .. aims to 1ntrease
pub lit understandinlJ or.vtiflciill luteltigence. improve the teaching ..
,,. ;, •! :-· • "Nonprofit sc;entlfic soc1ety ae110ted to aovanctng the scienUfic understandtng of the
mecnamsms underlying mougt1t and ;ntetllgent bel\avior and their embOdiment in
machines"'
.,,."·c ·.· ~cmvu:e1 ~: .".rt,~ic:.a 1 !nt~ll qenl 8.1\ssc-::,attcno.
. .,.. ...v.nwu!~t:· }1~\ ...Hd.:.~ll:.;n..~ r:..~~:o~lo!.wn~.

·~ '"' 1~ 11 :•11- 10 31<- tarr:hi\1~- ~- !old.;>r CQJ2iesj ·indexed· May 15 2005- modified Mar 31 2005

MIT Corrtputer Sc1ence and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

Computer Sdence and Artitlci<lllnteUi!Jem:e Labar~to!Y. About

Gigablast still "runs on eight desktop machines, each with four 160-GB IDE hard
drives, two gigs of RAM, and one 2.6-GHz Intel processor. It can hold up to 320
million Web pages (on 5 TB), handle about 40 queries per second and spider about
eight million pages per day. Currently it serves half a million queries per day to
various clients, including some metasearch engines and some pay-per-click
engines." We are not talking about a huge "server farm" here. Interestingly, despite
keeping his search engine "small," Gigablast creator/proprietor Matt Wells says "I am
a firm believer that bigger is better," and toward that end he is hoping to get the
Gigablast index up to 5 billion pages. For more on Wells and Gigablast, read his
interview with his former boss at lnfoseek in the April 2004 edition of AMC Queue:

"A Conversation with Matt Wells: Steve Kirsh of Propel Software Interviews
Gigablast Designer," ACM Queue, val. 2, no. 2, April 2004,
http://www.acmqueue.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpaqe&pid=135
(15 1\Jovember 2006).

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Exalead

The French search engine Exalead, which introduced a new look in 2006, has
features that make it worth special mention . Exalead offers both proximity searches
and truncation, two options no other major search engine offers anymore. In
addition, Exalead presents thumbnail images of websites in the results list (if you
want them) and related search terms, directory categories, website locations, and
filetypes. Exalead now claims to index more than eight billion pages. Although this is
far smaller than some major search engines, it is a respectable number and one that
is sure to increase .

While the new version of Exalead did away with one of its best features-the safe
page preview-Exalead offers a number of other unusual or unique features
designed to create a very powerful search tool:

~ Exalead refreshes its index continuously, not on a schedule (this is a good

thing).
~ default operator is AND; users may use OR.
~ Exalead does not publish a search term limit; it handled some very long
searches perfectly while it had trouble with others.
~ truncation, proximity, phonetic, and true wildcard searches.
~ as of now, Exalead has no sponsored links.

Weh limapes
I.-···-····-··-····-·····---- ·····---······--·- _•................ ·- - ·· ··--· - ··---· (i;~R:;) A!Minced search

Welcome to your exalead homepage. Add a shortcut to personalize· it.

E.~" -·-· ·· ·-··fLq · ··- .i'?E3

.&:..""'' .;;;;;;;;;.;;;o·ll; I t ~1~ I ! sho~~ Add a

~~;a.~· l ~~~~ _I L___... . .

YeiiO'W' Pagss weather. com Wikipedia

Add more shortcuts~ Hide adit buttons

Notice the images below the query box. Exalead lets users put "shortcuts" here by
entering a title and uri for your favorite websites .

146 UNCLASSIFIED!!JO'QR QJO'FIGIAL biSE m•L¥

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Exalead is in the process of updating its help pages; thus far, you can find various
types of help at these pages:

Exalead http://www.exalead.com/search
Exalead Refine Your Search http://www.exalead .com/search/?action=kourou&id=49
Exalead Advanced Search Help
http://www.exalead.com/search/?action=kourou&id=24
Exalead Search Syntax Help
http://www.exalead .com/search/C?definition=quervSyntaxReference

Customizing Exalead Preferences

Exalead currently offers these Search Preferences settings:

1. Interface Language: English, French, or German .

2. Search language: any or any combination of most languages.

3. Adult content Filtering : on or off.

4. Display: Open results and shortcuts in new window?

5. Number of search results: up to 100 for web and up to 60 for image.

6. Number of shortcuts per row: 4 up to 12.

7. Display view on results page: text only; text and thumbnail; text thumbnail
and extra

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'
UNCLASSIFIEDf/FOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY

The Exalead Results Page

Once you have entered your search term(s) and clicked the Exalead search button,
Exalead will present you with a complex results screen. Depending on the search
you are running, you will see some or all of the following for a Web search:

R4iu!ft1,1~,01-•~~.!..~~~~!l"~~;-;:ir · ._.; ;.;;;;:...;.,= =-"== = ""-·

S&s"e\%t!:ifPneiNffi!ri9@$N~ata,1$$tia . __ _ _ . _ · __ _l!r!<~ ~--.JS
ReJated... mis f
• Mpd,.,.y.POl'lt'i
-,.;;..;,;s,~$:ij;;,,,m,:.e~~k;,rm:..oo ':!lil•~-~f!1 .091l~ctM'•<l'i!Jrt•'•" ''0(:"'"''9~. ''-~'trlnO'J'@''e:Q~O m~e~t\;!1.'-·'·
· ~~l\1!-~Plli
• ~"i~~..ill!n
· PJW;liimtre t! fulhl\
• ~rrrlmol!mlciil R~ae~r¢11
fA-tdtiinecU~t , :
~~ lli.:&..J£ ~Elill (i!
ltlll!""~'
:-~~-H
Obe<i"')'
lndo"Pa;::ific;Joun'\31 oi. Phenomenoli:!W ~-Soo\e!y 9nd·Cu~"'" .D
lnd<l.P«ciiicJoiJrnai ofP.h.nomenology •.; tlie·Supefitajur•l: Anthropology, Pheumenology .. P@1>i11W~
<irid ihi; Liiriil ifiiiM ofSci9ntif!e R~"":llisrn Clic~ her9 w riew a11,.. ~ C<Jotitllmt;aPniki§?i>l!<i

'2i~i~ w,,,:!;l.ir~nl'·17'A;.,y~'Y.B·9k·Mt~~":~E ·. File lyl>~

._t ~.DiiK'IOJy._ S£!t-ie!VJtntj_GtiltiP--B-_, PM&HiRhi" C'•?rdill~S1!3f Rhw~s;ptu·~ Ph~lOJfil)fi~ - ~j_L£.®

• y,iOJij ( ~_Q£}
I..
-~.W!l
r1n!l~fllH£Y-.'ORlD,F'HENOMENOlO_GY ll)lSTiTUTFWocirJ lnsiitb!e foe Pl:\laooo/.l ...
in(Oonatioh on progrom•, piojects, pub.lic..tioris .... •lHE lii0Rt0 i'ljEIIOMBIOLOGY.
INS11TVTE World IMtitulo .lor P..<t.~ocod ;:!henomonological R.-.a,aP'..h on~ Lt.arring ,,
IWA\1.1~•4JI(•IIi~ti~h!!JY_,f.fJ/ "J7 ~~~ :iflOO.- 3~ · ~~i'tr!:tC\1;
UII~~!J W.V lNrmoty. .Siiti•!!J>;nq_f:l!._!M!: ··.Pilit!>~xll!!:: •TOI)Ii.!Le_nt!!~ •:~!t'"'""'!ll1!!lY

,!. ~----- ~-.-~ Se-.ninl'lfson.Phenomenotogyand·Hermen-t:uik:s

-_. •
rum
Begir.ning in-~~ a~ '•.·lo_
fiir.dii\c~$~glhe vfl;i1k Ql Edmund Ho~~~il.lhe Sem•nir on_
Ph•noinenoi09Y,3nd Hrnne-neutics, ... -$e.mfnar.-vn Ph~nomenolo_fjy ami •.•.
f ."' _, --~ ~ 1--~,r.'ritrrv~t~-~-&.!(~pt•t ~B i;n_-~•} 1Ct:6~ ~~--
· _',oi}J~~;ft-;i.rl.s-
A:1d 4·1

'-~~ '<ii;Dir<-rl..:
.. • §!l''i~»l!LCiiit~[ll " !:'!t~l!t!l 'QQDWfm>;!!
• S<xi<Ti an~ C<Jll!w• > Pltilo'"?ill: • C'''""""'1f PJiil~•o~\!J •e!!~

~ A Matching Documents: the best results for the query with the page title listed
first; Exalead clusters results, showing only the "best" page for each website.

~ B Webpage Description: a brief summary of the website.

~ C Page preview and thumbnail image: The biggest disappointment of the new
Exalead is that it no longer offers the safe page preview option for webpages.
Instead it has chosen to give a thumbnail image of the cached copy of the
webpage; users can click on "Preview" to see the cached copy, complete with
highlighted search terms and the date cached. Fortunately, Exalead does
offer safe previewing of non-HTML file types, and this is especially

148 UNCLASSIFIEDI'I'FOR OFFIOI!IiL USE ONLY

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useful for Microsoft file types, such as Word documents and

PowerPoint slides.

~_:f?rc:ll S['!ljJQ!i5_:. Ex~~~q_r:.e_ct Sl1~~

FACT SHEET: EXALEAD EXALEAD URL http://v.v.w.exale.lll.com/ Key features·
• • • • • • • • ... 151 FACT SHEET: EXALEAD Similar pages Limit by domain/site No =
·=
Irod
Jexaleed tiletype:pdf

Search Strategies· Exalead Fact Sheet

FACT SHEET EXALEAD

EXALEAD
URL
http //www. exalead com/

Key features
• • • • • • • • • wildcards for stemming words panem matching ('regular expressions") phonetic search approximate spelling search NEAR proximity operator
full Boolean search thumbnails of pages displayed in results related terms and categories displayed on the results page user specified shortcuts (Smart
Bookmarks) to other search engines on the home page

Search options
Default search type Case sensitive? Wildcard!TnmcatlOn All of your words No Yes. Asterisk(") at the end of words, for example

pollut~ Also pattern matching/regular expressiOns for internal wildcards. for example /psych *tst/ or /mpg(ll213)7/
Phrases and proximity Phrases" ...... " For example "climate change". NEAR operator to search for terms within sixteen words of one another. Specify
maximum number of words using NEARfn, for example climate NEAR/5 change Plus sign(+) before stop words such as "the', "of'. The plus sign can also be
used to disable automatic stenuni.ng if set up by the user tmder preferences. Millus sign (-) before the word, for example

Mandato!)l search terms

Exclude pages containing a term Word in the URL

branson -balloon murl. for pages Wlth the term in the1r URL, for example murl.chocolate intide: for pages that contam the adJacent word in the bde, for example
intitle:chocolate link: for example linbba.co.uk

~ D Directory link: opens the related categories folders from The Open
Directory Project, which are also listed to the right. You can completely alter
the results by selecting a different related category, e.g., in this example,
continental philosophy instead of phenomenology. Clicking on "More choices"
will greatly expand the related terms and related categories lists.

~ E Add to shortcuts: selecting this link will make the current site one your
shortcuts that appears on the Exalead homepage.

~ F Related Terms: clicking on a related term runs a new search on that term
and displays a new results page with new and different related terms, related
categories, etc. Clicking on "More choices" will greatly expand the related
terms and related categories lists.

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~ G Multimedia: selecting this option causes Exalead to restrict the search to

webpages that have links to audio, video RSS content. You can select one,
two, or all three multimedia options. If you click on RSS, any feeds available
at any of the sites in your results' list will become visible.

In_..~"-- -- ------ -------

Watch NASA Videc .at AC•L®

VM\V.lDivideo.r.om ·Millions of Free Videos. ~ovle lr<~ilers·. music, TV- free .
I· MuhimeciJa
~\ Audio remo!·e
B Video re mo;.-e
@)RSS remo~o

~~~~~ NASA - Ares : NASA's N~w Ro.::kets G.;t r-Jo-rlllF.lS languages

Sit e Help & Preferences +Home +NASA Home > Mission Sections > Exploration> • Enylish
Spacecraft Prinl ..• Credil: NASA +View Expanded Views of Ares-1 .... • Spanish
W<~t:v.;.n.l~ltgov/m r z~ion_rlage~/e:Jplt:tt·llion/'3r!lcP.r::afL'arrJ'3_naming.ht rnl- Lfl jt;l 2005 · 5k- t.rlfJ ln
l ............;;§l;"CJr&.>.;~~ g~i;rt~·ut(,
~ Audlo ffit: • Roa/P/ayer LGV> (Ares lo~o256K_Stream.ram)- 0.3 Kb
B Vodeo r•e: • Windows Hiqh (Ares/ogo76BK_Stream.wmv)
(!!!) RSS Feed: i\Jt:s. nASA's Ne·"" Rot:kels

MatacJeor Rec0rds 1Guided By VQi.:;es

The Matador records website for Guided by Voices, the !abel releasing all material up to 1997
and since 2002 for the band. Includes contest, recording ...•
"N·.oofoA'.matadorrecords . co•n!~uide iJ _b)' __'tV!ces/- 01 F.:tb 2CCS • _f'-;.l..Q.0.. ~~m~:u.\?.

iiiamrll::=:. '® Oil ecto1y. ,.;,ts c.r•d Enlellaimntsr'l ~ hlu&it • ... ,. Q ,. Quilled ty Voice13
~'\Audio fite: 'My K1nd of So ldl9r (gbY_my_kind_or_sold ier.mp3)- 3.6 Mb
B Video 11/e: gt>v rer.mov- 0.2 Kl>
@) Unotflcl.ll RSS Feed: MatadoJ Records

~ H Languages: limit results to a specific language.

~ I Document Type: clicking on a specific file type will only return matching
documents in that specific file type, e.g., PDF, TXT, DOC, PPT, RTF, and
XLS (remember: do not open the Microsoft file types on the Internet; use the
page preview option in the thumbnail image to view these files).

~ J Image Search: Clicking on image search will automatically run the web
search against the image database.

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Exalead Basic Search

Exalead assumes as its default that multiple search terms are joined by the AND
operator, so that a search on the keywords [windows explorer] will find all the
webpages that contain both search terms. However, unlike Google, Exalead does
not search first for phrases, then the terms anywhere on a webpage.

Exalead will not return any results if there is no webpage containing all the
search terms. Try this query to see what I mean:
[rollerskate handshake buckyball]

However, remember you can use the OPT (optional) operator to make a term
desirable but not required.
Unlike Google, Exalead does not limit the number of search terms to 32
keywords. Exalead will try to match all the keywords you enter.
Exalead is not case sensitive.
Exalead automatically clusters search results. If you want to see more pages
from a specific site, the only way I know to do so now is to run a site search. For
example, to see the pages at Amazon UK search for [site:amazon.co.uk].
Exalead permits the use of the OR operator in simple search. The OR must be
capitalized.
Exalead recognizes double-quotes as enclosing a phrase.
Exalead ignores certain stop words, i.e., when searched alone or with other stop
words. If you include a stop word such as a, an, the, in, or be in a search,
Exalead searches for it. If you need to search for stop words by themselves or
with other stop words, you must either enclose them in double-quotes or put the
plus sign (+) in front of them. Compare [to be or not] to ["to be or not to be"] and
compare [fire and ice] to ["fire and ice"].
Using the minus sign (-) in front of a keyword ensures that Exalead excludes
that term from the search. For example, the results for the search
[phenomenology -philosophy] are very different from the results for
[phenomenology].

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Exalead Advanced Search

Exalead has a unique and very appealing way of presenting advanced search
features. Clicking on the "Advanced search" link on the main page brings up a
window that displays and explains the advanced search options. In every case,
these options work in the simple search screen by using the correct syntax.

Advanced search
{-,..Web Search --) dVJjm€-d seRrrh

What?
• exact phr.:.~-s~ .::g. ·to t-1? cr n0: :o oo~
• lnr!:1uidP.n terrn~ e g c:."Jw-mad
• Yt'Lmt:, staJ1\r1g w1\b e_g me:,.sa!l-
• fi!~_Q.!!.~U-~-~1-!§.lli~l9 .::.g. ~)ilfld(JN.e:~xqflt'J<Jd
• if!pru~~~n~l~ s-pelling e.r;. JfH?Ji::.li.t..a·f:Y..!&fJ&d
• <~djac13nl"NDrd3 e g_ {Se-ck N£4P sxc.f)4nge)
• togic;;~l f?X[')res,;ion "-'-CI ( (;'2N o.~ .<;peed} AND No)! .rJgin)
• /12Lf11Ri 8:Xf)n?$SiOn BJ:,l/2 (/

Where?

. IChoose a country 3 ~-0 ..:cwnlry IJSA

• IChoose o lenguo.ge :::::J e :.J. f:ln.:J'1&(ff3! en

• on a given Silt! e 0 ~.Lfe vrif...!pfC!i<hViJ
• m f1les of a aiven iorm:!! e.J). t!letvr;e:pcJI
• !D__!.t)_~_.@~.. .Oflt!.tf.~g_p_ e g. m!i:fo::·(o.'fiCJ&i ~veJ)6!le)
• in tile .:.dare-s~ ofU1e page e> g mvrJ muNc
• on p;;~aes Ill at c'Jnl:~in a oivE?n l1nk r:!..Q .1inkf•ff;JPMt.·II'P.l<.3~¥i ~"'Qm

When?
• modlti~rJ 3ltl?r:;. llFVI?n datE- <?&. at.et<•1!''2'?'i49'.1
• modtfied o~fCJrt? (!. ai':'t:r' date eg. t-i-fore '31/12119<-}9

Two features Exalead offers that have almost vanished from search elsewhere are
proximity searches and truncation/wildcards.

Exalead's proximity search uses NEAR. The default setting is for terms that are
within sixteen terms of each other, but users can change the proximity by adding
a number, e.g., [empire I\IEAR/5 building]. With the NEAR operator, order is almost
irrelevant as this query demonstrates. A query using the name of an 18th Century
French foreign minister, Charles Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau, comte de Morville, shows
how the NEAR operator works: the query [comte de Morville NEAR Fleuriau NEAR
Charles NEAR Jean-Baptiste] finds any indexed page containing all these terms
within sixteen words of each other, regardless of the order in which they appear
either in the query or in the text.

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Weh l lrnaq&s

e? Did you mean : comet de MOPIIIIe NEAR Fleuriau NEliR Chari·>S NEAR
View. i~; ~~\@}

i
l
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• Minister 10 France
• Louis Michal
··; ! ., PiOit& Henri

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j • Tow
\ languages
d'Alt'tE:I f\Hl&

~ =::: _·-;- I ~ diphJma!i9.gQ•J'd.!'ri-arch~s.sll/lj('l~stsrsfl40minist:e-s.gbflotJ[sV.J:1)31ltml · 15 Sep /.UD4. 2!< · :-:..lfd , English

• Frerrct1
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. ~~--- &.i1:)
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Charles Jean Baptiste Fleurlau de Morville- Wil<ipedia
Charles Jecm Bl'lp1fs1• Fleurlau de Morville Un article de ... Fleuriau d~Armenonville,
comte de Mo•ville est un homme d'Etat frin~ais ne a Paris le 30 Ot:lobre .•.

. ..: . . . . . . fr 'IVikip~diCi . l.l!!:!iwiki/Ciu.ule.s_,l&· ,}n_AaiJiiste_Fiemiu u_dE!_M<Hville . 22 ~hJI ';fli)j • ·t.fk.

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. ~~an Baptiste _Q._fLE!QY..QC,. MQ£9.l!i:z._r[c~r_g_E!!l~- em@t:~~ion . Guide .int~

r~..;:o:::;•;::::==! Aogus1 1m~fises
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Charles Jean·Baptlste Fleurl01o, com1e de Morvllle 16 August 1723 19 August
Baptlstes de Ia
1727 .. .... Baptist Commumty of .. . RCA)
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'~lL!.fli

Minister or F <:~reign .o..trairs (FranC'e): Facts and details from ...

Encyclopedia subject: 'Ministet of Foreign Affairs (Ftance)' ... FebtUary 16!l0 28 July 1696
Jeon-Baptlsta Colbert. E•ception Handlet: No article.summary ...
'WI.\o'\~.absulut&&&tronvmy com/t&tfrr,ini~ler_Gr_fO!&i~n_aiTa irs_b d:"'l.& · 13 Mar 20((,- 751-.- Jitti..t~
ft.ql~:,:i!~:-;.

Also, the presence or absence of parentheses does not appear to affect the NEAR ·
search. Proximity operators can be extremely useful in finding pages with
search terms that may not be in a precise order while excluding a lot of
irrelevant hits.

Exalead supports both limited and true wildcard searching.

Exalead supposedly offers both automatic truncation (word stemming) and the
wildcard, which are welcome features discarded by other search engines. As of
now, Exalead is the only major search engine to offer truncation or a wildcard. On a
search with two or more words, stemming is supposed to be automatic. However, I
find that the automatic truncation feature is so capricious as to be useless:
sometimes it works, usually it doesn't. In a search for [child play toy], Exalead does
not find children, plays/played/playing, or toys.

However, when I search on [child*], Exalead will return pages with children
highlighted as a search result. The wildcard also can be used inside a search term,
e.g., [kazak*stan). However, this search will also find kazakh and kazak as well as
kazakstan and kazakhstan. The wildcard option is listed in the Advanced search
window as words starting with, but keep in mind the asterisk can be used inside
words as well.

Exalead has a number of other interesting features. For example, in the advanced
search window, users can choose among these search method options: exact

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'SF ONI v

search, forbidden terms, phonetic search, and approximate spelling. Exact

search is what you would expect, i.e., phrase searching inside double-quotes.
"Forbidden terms" is a different way of saying NOT or using the minus sign.

The phonetic search sounds great, but I am often frustrated by it because so many
websites misspell so many words, Exalead is going to find those misspelled words
first (try: [genealogy] to see what I mean). However, the phonetic search
successfully figured out that [criptografy] meant [cryptography]. The phonetic search
has genuine utility.

· Web'··.·---
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I • Public key c,-..,ptograph'l
_,._.-,..... ~ ..."""' -...."·-=;.;, -. ·r: ~ _ . . . ~ • Srronq r.r11ptograohy
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Jg .£~~$..~~- ! Ho~epage·for C~tography Applications Bistro semmar offered dunng Spnng 2004 at the ! • AJ)plied-GryptQrmwhy

, ~-'· ·-·J::?F- ! Unmrsi1y_ o~Virg.n1a ... CS 851155~ Cry~tography Applications...

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The approximate spelling option can be similarly frustrating. A search on

[programme] will find a few sites containing program, programmen, or programs, but
usually the results are for the actual term searched, in this case [programme].
However, it worked very well with [colour], finding a good mix of color and colour and
the approximate search on [genealogy] found genealogy.

What I like much, much better is Exalead's regular expression patterns option,
which amounts to a true wildcard search. Here's how it works:

Use a forward slash (/) at the beginning and end of the term; use a period (.) to
indicate one missing term; if you are not sure how many letters are missing, use
the wildcard (*) after the period. For example, the query [/crypt.*c/] will find
cryptographic and cryptologic:

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Here are the basic rules for pattern matching (wildcard) searches:

The first character is always a slash ( I ). This tells Exalead a

special pattern will follow.

Within the pattern, the period ( . ) is a special character that

can represent any character.

The asterisk (*)stands for character repetition, 1.e., any

number of characters.

The pipe ( 1 ) stands for OR, and parentheses are used to group
characters.

A question mark ( ? ) is placed at the end of a character group

to make that group optional.

The last character is always a slash (I). This tells Exalead this
is the end of the query.

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In this example-[/mpg(11213)?/]-Exalead will search for any page containing the

query term mpg and 1 or 2 or 3. It will also find pages containing only mpg because
the ? makes the 1, 2, and 3 optional. Without the ? Exalead will only find pages
containing mpg1, mpg2, or mpg3.

Exalead will handle complex boolean queries in the simple search screen or from
the Advanced search window. The boolean operators Exalead supports are AND,
OR, NOT or AND NOT (in caps). A typical boolean query would be:
[(baseball OR football) NOT cardinals]

In addition, there are two other operators that can be used in a boolean query:
NEAR and OPT. NEAR finds search terms within 16 words of each other and OPT
makes a query term preferable but does not require it. For example:

[(football NEAR cardinals) OPT "st louis"]

This is nice to know because most search engines use AND as their default, and will
not return results unless all terms are found. Check the difference between the
results for these two searches in Exalead: (buckyball skateboard OPT flyswatter]
and [buckyball skateboard flyswatter].

Exalead will search in all or one of most languages. Use either the syntax language:
followed by the language digraph or the pulldown menu in the Advanced search
window. Also, Exalead offers a country search option either from the Advanced
search window or using the syntax country: followed by the country digraph. ·

Exalead does not recognize diacritical marks at this time. This means that a
search on [fa9ade] finds both fa9ade and facade. However, Exalead will handle
some non-Latin character sets. Exalead officially supports Unicode (UTF),
Windows encodings, and miscellaneous encodings (Arabic, Chinese, Korean,
Japanese, and Russian).

Exalead offers limited field searching, i.e., special search terms to restrict
searches and make them more effective. These special operators can be used in
both simple search and in the Advanced search window.

~ .i~h91J"~9~:,_·-a;:sir[~fs~~~U.I~1~Li?_~9~~r-lf£~--~§p_~§If!~OT~rrgq~d~1 The language

syntax uses the obsolete two-letter ISO language codes (639-1 ). Must be
used with additional keywords.

Advanced Search > Where? > Choose a language

Example of how to use the language: command:

[language:de welt] finds all the pages indexed by Exalead that are written in

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German and contain the keyword "welt," which has a very different meaning
in German than in English.

;;.. country: restricts results to pages in a specific country. The country syntax
uses the two-letter ISO country codes. Must be used with additional
keywords.

Advanced Search> Where?> Choose a country

Example of how to use the country: command:

[country:de wissenschaft] finds all the pages indexed by Exalead that are
purportedly in Germany and contain the term "wissenschaft." It will not limit
the search to the German TLD "de."

);;> site: restricts results to a specific website or domain, excluding specific top-
level domains. You must search on a second-level domain for site to work.
May be used with or without keywords.

Advanced Search >Where? > on a given site

Examples of how to use the site: command:

[site:amazon.com] finds www.amazon.com, cards.amazon.com,

www.amazon.com/dvd/. However, it will not find www.amazon.com.br.

[site:ir] does not find the pages from the Iranian (.ir) top-level domain.
However, [site:gov.ir] does find all the pages from the Iranian government
domain indexed by Exalead.

[site:federalreserve.gov "statistical data"] finds all the pages at the Federal

Reserve website indexed by Exalead containing the phrase statistical data.

);;> filetype: restricts results to PDF, MS Word, and other filetypes. May be used
with or without keywords. Exalead converts these other types of files to
HTML, making them safe to view. Select [PR£'\Ils.w] to see the HTML version.

Advanced Search > Where? > in files of a given format

To search by specific type of file, use the syntax filetype: plus one of these
abbreviations:

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html or htm standard webpage

pdf Adobe Acrobat
xis MS Excel Spreadsheet
ppt MS PowerPoint
doc MS Word
wpd Corel WordPerfect versions 6 & 7
rtf Rich Text Format
swf MacroMedia Flash text & hypertext link
txt text

Examples of how to use the filetype: command:

[filetype:xls] finds all pages indexed by Exalead that are in Excel spreadsheet
format.

[filetype:pdf "white paper"] finds all pages indexed by Exalead that are in PDF
format and contain the phrase "white paper" anywhere in the text, title, or uri.

~ intitle: restricts results to pages containing a specific word or phrase

anywhere in the webpage's title, which usually appears in the browser's title
bar and is the HTML <title> tag. May be used with or without additional
keywords .

Advanced Search > Where? > in the title of the page

Examples of how to use the intitle: command:

[intitle:amazon] finds all pages that include the word amazon in their title

["rain forest" intitle:amazon] finds all pages that include the word amazon in
their title and mention the phrase "rain forest" anywhere in the document (title
or text or anywhere in the document)

~ inurl: restricts results to pages containing a specific word or phrase anywhere

in the webpage's uri, that is, the webpage address. May be used with or
without additional keywords.

Advanced Search > Where? > in the address of the page

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Examples of how to use the inurl: command:

[inurl:amazon] finds all pages that include the word amazon anywhere in their
uri.

["cosmic ray" inurl:spacecraft] finds all pages that include the exact phrase
"cosmic ray" anywhere in the document (title or text or anywhere in the
document) and include spacecraft anywhere in the site's uri.

~ link: restricts the results to documents that have links to a specific

website. Will work without the full uri (absent the http://) but the preferred
syntax is [link:http://www.domain.com]. Also, the link: command does not
work beyond the top level of a site, so the query [link:www.noaa.gov/wx.html]
treats the "wx.html" as a keyword. May be used with or without keywords .

Advanced Search > Where? > on pages that contain a given link

Example of how to use the link: command:

[link:http://www.noaa.gov] finds all pages linking to the NOAA homepage.

[link:http://www.noaa.gov drought] finds all pages linking to the NOAA site

that contain the keyword drought.

Exalead Search Services and Tools

Exalead does not offer any special services or tools such as news, maps, reference
tools, except for a browser toolbar that works with both Internet Explorer and Firefox.
At present, the two types of specialized Exalead search are the multimedia (audio,
video, and RSS) refinement option and image search.

Image Search : Exalead offers some nice options with its image search. You can look
for images of specific sizes (small, medium, large), computer wallpaper by
resolution, image color, layout, or filetype. Exalead's advanced search options work
in image search as well.

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The Bottom Line

Exalead is not in the Google and Yahoo class yet, but because it offers unique and
important features dealing with truncation, wildcards, proximity searching, etc., it is
one of the top-tier search services . In addition, Exalead offers the option to
preview non-html files (e.g., Microsoft file types) safely, which is extremely important
given the security dangers that plague Internet users. Exalead is a valuable addition
to the world of Internet search.

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Ask

During 2006 Teoma and Ask Jeeves ceased to exist as separate search sites and
merged under the Ask .com umbrella. I had never been impressed with Ask Jeeves,
which was one of the few sites that continued to try to respond to users questions,
though not very successfully. Teoma was always an "also ran" in the world of
search. However, when Barry Diller, former Chairman and CEO of Paramount
Pictures and Fox, Inc.'s, and his lAC/Interactive Corp. acquired Ask Jeeves this
year, things changed dramatically. The name was shortened to Ask, the annoying
butler icon was gone, along with the ubiquitous ads and usually unfulfilled promise of
answers to natural language queries. Ask incorporated Teoma's search algorithm,
ExpertRank, and the Teoma site went away. Now, Ask.com has become a major
player.

One of the most striking differences is obvious as soon as you run a search. Instead
of a list of sponsored links, which Google, Live Search, and Yahoo all display, Ask
shows "zoom related search" links, designed to help users either narrow or expand a
search. Of course, Ask still serves up ads with its search results, but the search
company is putting the primary focus on free search results and not on sponsored
results.

Customizing Ask's Settings

Ask offers six general Settings:

1. Locations: you may enter a specific location, including a street address or

a city, state, and zip code for the US. This is an optional feature and you
can sign up for an account if you want to enter multiple locations. This
information is used to provide tailored search results relevant to your
location.
2. Displaying results: Ask lets you see as few as 10 and up to 100 results per
page. There is also an option to open results in a new window.
3. Content filtering: Unlike most search engines, Ask automatically filters
adult content; the two options are to alert the user when content is filtered
and provide a link to it or to minimize adult content and not link to it.
4. Interface language: if you are more comfortable working in another
language, Ask can display in dozens.
5. Make Ask your Default Search Engine: In this case, you are telling your
browser to use Ask as the default search engine from the browser address
bar.

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6. Default Ask Site: You can chose one location from a list including the US,
France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, and UK, or no default site.
Your results will vary depending on the default site.

The other setting option is similar to Yahoo's feature that lets users edit the search
tools. Here are the options Ask offers; you can select only the ones you want to
appear on your Ask main search page.

Seatch Tools l::J Search Tools 8 Se.:nch Tools l::J

~
LJ
Web

lm3ges
p
[]
Advanced Search

Bloglines
•
t.li.i '
Tool bar

Uni! ConvetBion

~ New·s
;';il-
,.,._·;, Currency Conversior1 l!l \tVh1te Pages

ll M2ips &. Directions ~ Desktop

I~ Local ~ Mobile ContenJ

A-, •
Weather G Movies
-.;
-,,
iii Encyclopedi~
'-' My Stuff
~
~- .A.sk for !<ids ,1.' Shopping

D 01ctiomuy ~. Stocks

0 Blogs &. Feeds II Thesaurus

Edit Next» Edit « Back Next , Edit « Back

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The Ask Results Page

Once you've entered your search terms and selected the Ask Search button, Ask will
present you with a list of results (hits). For each result returned you may see:

'!V~t> · Images r~ews. Bloqo. $. F'leds. 3hoJppiog . More " G

lcardtnal Se m ch I ".<i't!!fl<:<><'

Encyclopedia: Cardinal {bird),- r . ,, .. ,jr·•·' A N:zurow 'lour Sc:.:1rch

The c.utliu.lls Dr Cardin.lli<lae Me a fl'lm<iy of pas~enne birds living in Nor\n ~nd So•Jth C••rtllniil Birds
Ameriu~ The'5e are to bust, seed-eating buds. with &lrong b•lls. They ""'typically
assoc1~ted wtth open woodland. The se~es usually have distinct plumages; !hfr tarn1ly IS Northern Cm•linal
nameel fc" the r~d .. Mom "
O!her Match r;.s rjA~.r~iz"".o"'"="""c_a_r(-::-iin-a71s-.-a-n-A-r·-ne-r~ir.--.a-n-=rn-1)~1b~a~ll~t-ea-m--::J.., ~ Reo C.llfllnotl Bird
C;lldinal Nest

Cardinal Heaftt>
c,,, diu ill Heallh is t~
8 ng provider of prodtH:ls. sePiices and lechru:lloqies swpporlmiJ the.
Cardinal Birds .A11d How
TI1~y liw

health ca•e •ndust1y

~ '-.'•\·:_;-.,f:''t.),r:o•'"}l·• .·., _i•
C.utlinal Health F
t;::Jo11!}_L:.rn Cardinal Q
~·~C ~JL~tt .F~m~'~.~~~~~~~ ~:l;.~!r:r~: :,.:~~·:.~e 4 ,···;·•-,k. Brl~ol E le Northern cu<tin.,,.

El:iiJe Ja~
llhfl~. . - .. lJ~ E?.iJfl.·.OipQ ?PLe...§.rrd__ \:S.'?i.'l\t!J'y_:~taJ.t i?i~t:t· V.Y~L.
Cardinal. Text by John Jarnt>s Audubon from 81rds of Ameuca .. THE CARDINAL GROSBEAI<. DO!JVY'OOd
{Northern C.lr dh•.ll.l 8ilkl F.agle
~ •, ·!,-,( .. l:l·~·,•l '"·····!.' ,.,·li·;.· 1.11.
E:llack Bear
btromg com- Northern Cardinal Gird 0fthe Week 1\lcw 14-21. 1999 Flow~ring D•>9W(J¢d
bi<ding com Northern Caltlht.ll Bird of I he \Nee~. Nov 14-21. 1939 Similar species. Tho? male More"J:
Norlhern Co11olhMl1S ~mmislakl'able
I '

~ A Smart Answers: Ask's best guess about what you want, Smart Answers
provides quick access to encyclopedias (Wikipedia, Houghton Mifflin, or
Columbia), weather, dictionary results, translations, conversions, etc. Note
that "other matches" will try to disambiguate a search term with multiple
meanings such as [cardinal]. This is an extremely useful way to find
information about commonplace topics, such as [Rwanda]:

\'Veb · ~ · I>Jews • Slogs ~... Feeds · ~ · MfJre r.

cwanda

Web Search Sho'I'VII'lg res•r!M 1 10 cf 2.S20,0CIQ

'i«:·\~ . - . ~ -- ~ - Rwanda . w1w dd.qm: 1 Narrow Your Searc.h

_ _ , Capit:al: K"tgah; Population: 8,440,820
Location: Central A Inca, east ol Democrellc Republic olthe Congo
Chief ol Stote: Presiden1 Pt~UI K~game, Heild ol Government: Pr1me MlrRster Bernard Ma!cuza Facts about Rwtmtla
Languages: K111yarwartda (ol1iclal) universal Bartu vernaci.Aar, French (oftlcilll), English (ollidal), KISwahil (Swah.11) used n
commerciel cerfers Mort> '' Rw.md<l Peorll;!
Encyclop':'dt~ I BBC Ptoli!e I HtstOI'f I [email protected]. \ ~
US Governman! Tr;j~E'! lnio 1 ToUJisl .AJtractions. I Cumml Wl?ather I Lo('aj T1me

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~ B Webpaqe Title & Description: the title and a brief summary of the website.

~ C Binoculars Site Preview: Ask's Binoculars Site Preview are periodic screen
captures of the browser navigating a page. To view the site preview, users
should only move the mouse over the binoculars because clicking on the
binoculars takes you to the site. The mouseover is of a static image, so it is
safe to view, but I find it too small to be very useful beyond revealing the
general nature of a site.

~ D Cached: a link to the version of the site stored by Ask with the date and
time the page was indexed.

~ E Save: Ask offers this service for web and image searches. When users click
on a "save" link on either a web or image search, for web searches Ask will
save the title of the result, the uri, the description, the binoculars icon, and the
query used to find that result. For image searches, Ask will save the name
and location of the picture, as well as the query used to find the image. Also,
everything s~ved is fully searchable so all saved content is easy to find again
later. However, for the save feature to work properly, users need to allow
search history to be enabled (the default). If you do not want Ask to save your
search history, go to My Stuff 1 Settings and uncheck "Record all my searches
into my 'Search History."'

~ F Zoom Related Search: This is a popular feature retained from Teoma that
helps users either narrow or broaden a search "with possible alternative
search terms which appear on the right hand side of the Ask results page.

• Narrow Your Search: helps you to drill down into topics that are
specifically related to your search

• Expand Your Search: allows you to explore topics that are conceptually
related to your search

• Related Names: presents a list of names that are conceptually tied to

topic options within the 'Narrow Your Search' and 'Expand Your Search'
lists." 59

~ G More Search Types: Selecting any of these other search options causes
Ask to search automatically for images, news stories, blog entries, etc., with
your search term(s).

59
Ask.com Site Features, "Zoom Related Search,"
<http://help.ask.com/en/docs/about/site features.shtml#relatedsearch> (14 November 2006).

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Ask Basic Search http://www .ask.com/

Ask assumes as its default that multiple search terms are joined by the AND
. operator, so that a search on the keywords [windows explorer] will find all the
webpages that contain both search terms.

Ask will not return any results if there is no webpage containing all the search
terms. Try this query to see what I mean:

[kong spektioneer syn.ecdoche]

Ask does not appear to limit the number of search terms.

Ask is not case sensitive. There does not appear to be anything you can do about
this .

Ask does not offer word stemming or truncation, i.e., searching for variations of
search terms. Ask searches for exactly the term as you enter it, e.g., a search for
[window] will not search for [windows].

Ask automatically clusters search results. Multiple hits from the same site are
indented and there is usually an option to see more results from a specific site.

Ask permits the use of the OR operator in simple search. The OR needs to be
capitalized.

Beyond the use of the OR operator in its simple search, Ask does not support
boolean search. ·

Searchers can delimit phrases using double-quotes. For example, if I search on:
[the last king of france]

without double-quotes, Ask will ignore the "the" and the "of' in its search. I noticed
that the results from this search are more relevant than the ones I received from
Google for the same query. If I enclose the same query in double-quotes, Ask will
search on exactly the phrase ["the last king of france"], and the first hit links to a site
that lists all the Kings of France, where Louis XVIII can be readily identified.
Enclosing searches in double-quotes is much more effective for finding precise
results than relying on automatic phrase searching.

Ask appears to ignore stop words outside double quotes only when other search
terms are used. These two searches will return identical results:

[the last king of france] [last king france]

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However, if I search for [the], Ask returns over 2 billion hits. If I add another search
term, e.g., [the france], that query is identical to searching for [france], so the stop
word is ignored. Nonetheless, it appears that if you search only for stop words, Ask
will find pages containing them all, e.g., [i a an the].

Ask does not seem to like the plus sign (+) because it returns an error message
when I try to use it. By default Ask searches for all keywords except stop words.
However, there are many times when searchers need to exclude certain terms that
are commonly associated with a keyword but irrelevant to their search. That's where
the minus sign (-) comes in. Using the minus sign in front of a keyword ensures that
Ask excludes that term from the search. For example, the results for the search
["pearl harbor" -movie] are very different from the results for ["pearl harbor"].

Ask treats most punctuation marks the same way, as links in a search string. For
example, Ask handles a search for [c-span], [c.span], ["c span"], and [c?span]
basically the same way. However, a search for [cspan] with no space or mark is
treated differently.

Ask Advanced Search

Ask has a number of "query modifiers" to restrict searches and make them more
effective in many cases. These query modifiers can be used in simple search using
the following syntax or on the advanced web search page using the appropriate
menu options. Interestingly, Ask using the "must exclude" minus sign differently from
other search engines: the minus sign goes after the command syntax, for example,
[inurl:nasa site:-gov]

The query modifiers Ask supports are:

);> '$i~~;-.- re_§![iGti[~s~lis~j(;) ~w~~sit~~Liii:a ·.-giV~D~=~!?h!§Jn. This syntax requires a

keyword.

Advanced Web Search > Domain or Site

Examples of how to use the site: command:

[shuttle site:www.nasa.gov] finds pages about the space shuttle at the NASA
website.

["bulletin officiel" site:fr] finds pages in the French top-level domain about official
bulletins.

["bulletin officiel" site:-fr] finds pages containing the phrase "bulletin officiel" that
are not in the French top-level domain. Note that the minus sign goes after the
site: syntax.

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~ title: or intitle: restricts the results to documents containing the keyword in the
title.

Advanced Web Search > Location of words or phrases > In page title

Examples of how to use the title: command:

[title:amazon] finds all pages that include the word amazon in their title

[intitle:amazon jungle rainforest] finds all pages that include the words amazon,
jungle, and rainforest in their title. Using intitle: makes this search function the
same as Google's allintitle: query. Note: use a hyphen to search for phrases
using the intitle: syntax because the double-quotes do not work.

[-books title:amazon] finds all pages that contain amazon in the title and do not
contain the term books anywhere on the page. Note that you must put the
excluded term before the intitle: syntax.

[title:galileo site:-nasa.gov] finds all pages that contain the term galileo in the title
but are not at any nasa.gov website.

~ inurl: restricts the results to documents containing the keyword in the uri.

Advanced Web Search> Occurrences

Examples of how to use the inurl: command:

[inurl:nasa] finds all pages that include nasa anywhere in the uri (address)

[inurl:nasa site:-gov] finds all pages that include nasa anywhere in the uri of sites
that are not in the .gov top-level domain. Note that the minus sign goes after the
site: syntax.

[inurl:shuttle inurl:-nasa] finds all pages that include shuttle in the uri but exclude
nasa from the uri. Note that the minus sign goes after the site: syntax.

[inurl:nasa shuttle sts-90] finds all pages that include both nasa and shuttle in the
uri of a site. Used this way, Ask's inurl: command functions the same as Google's
allinurl: command, that is, all terms must be in the uri.

[-shuttle inurl:nasa] finds all pages with nasa in the uri but do not include the term
shuttle anywhere on the page. Note that you must put the excluded term before
the intitle: syntax.

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Ask's Services and Specialty Searches

Ask offers a number of special features designed to help users find specific kinds of
information faster and more easily.

Blog Search: Ask is partnered with Bloglines, the most popular (and my favorite)
RSS feed reader, to create blog and RSS feed search. The blog search options are:

);> sort by date, popularity, or relevance (which combines date and popularity).

);> sort by posts, feeds, or news.

);> binoculars preview last five posts from a feed.

);> options to subscribe and/or post to a feed using several different applications.

·N.,.b · ~~,~ · !Jfvrs. Bb~ ~ "'"r,.:;j~ · ~h"~ · ~"'~

~ ·.lhU:J

: 0 !

View Posts, Feeds. or News Results

Sc.'t by H.:.f ~ ....m..:~ I ttc.sl Retta·~t.-,~,......,.,..,------------------'

S-"'""' ~~~ulls lrQm IA'F''' ::J [ ] <joo~·~ M.lf"J Mon~

Uh iJ v•:>·;!~; Maps Ma;h~R RoJndJP Pan 112 0 GnO>Jff M.lp~ API Crif.r.i•l
t ·. -~ ·: <.. <> i:d [,";l' ·~-~ ·-~ !;:.!","i:, ~:::r,,·,. ~ ·.·"tll: ···.·:~); ·: e:c~
The abo.;e ~nk show:. 3n e):ample reslJ 1 O::her Vk Goagle M<1ps r..,1ashups !h1s.l'~ Go.!J!e MJ.tt$ mashlJps
r~tmdup and some- other llT~;;1 Go·tg1e hf,lfJS :~pp~
rj (,.! 3oo~l• Mapt· 1'>1>o
kn~w m.1ps could b~ lun?
tt'J;> ·. .·o·· r·

menus

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~ RSS Answers will display the three most recent entries at a blog. Obviously,
only a limited number of blogs work in RSS Answers, but it is a quick way to
see what is new at your favorite blog site. Here is an example of an RSS
Answers for John Battelle's Searchblog:

Web·~· News· Bloqs t. Feeds·~· More,

lsearchbl_~g____ ··- m -·- · ···· ···-· j'5e.i~i~'l Advancf"cJ See:rch

~ John Battelle's Searchblog F"d most rocem posts from battellemedia.corn.'

I know It's Too Political- But it's really worth watching. The program's
designers say existing anticensorship program F::.ur1d (~ hours d(J:'
C:onfidential Sour( es · I remain deeply concerned about the erosion of press freedoms
in this country. A Times case regardi ·1 1t.:~;rot.l~:~ l\.;:,l'\ JfJ )\tvl f"."'~-~:T
lvlore Europe: Selllernerot irr Belgium- Google has settled with Sofam and Scam, two news
organizations in Belguim that had been disputing ! H=:r;;uoob Of3 45 A~ .~;..\'c P~~':T

Definitions: Ask will present a dictionary or encyclopedia definition of a term if you

phrase the query as [define keyword], [definition of keyword], [the meaning of
keyword], or [dictionary], which brings up the Dictionary Search option:

Web·~· l~ews ·Slogs & Feeds· Shopping· More>

I

IJ Dictionary Search
Find the definition on ask. com: I_____ _ _ . _ ......1: G~ I _....
I
Search multiple dictionaries on onelook. corn: i 1 Go ·I
Find more instances on bartleby.com: L. _-· --.. -· -- ---:J'~·
6rowse by topic on allrefer.com ~~~~l~ct~~pi~·- _____ [EJ~

Local Search: search for services or businesses by US zip code or city.

Maps: to map a US or Canadian location, search on the street address, city and
state or the word map and a location. Some international maps are now available.
See the section on maps for details.

News: links to news stories appear when a search term matches current news
stories. Sort news by date or relevance. A separate Ask News page is available at
http://news.ask.com/

Travel Shortcuts: To find arrival and departure information, flight delays, airport
status, and weather conditions at a US or Canadian airport, enter the airport's three-
letter code and the word airport. For example, to information about Baltimore-
Washington International, enter [bwi airport].
White Page Search: search for US phone numbers and addresses for people,
businesses, government offices, doctors, and schools in the U.S.

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Web Answers: This option is the remnant of Ask Jeeves, that is, Ask's attempt to
provide direct answers to questions. Users may write a natural language question or,
in this example, if an answer exists to a commonly asked question, such as the
meaning of 'ontology,' the Web Answers will appear under the definition.
VV~~ ·lmd£.~. · rJe-w~ • 81oq~ & ;~•ds · ~hillilll..fl.<l · More
jdP.f rp cnlolo~~

lfl Definitions of 'ontology' (on··161<--_i~l · l) • 1 deno.tiotl· T,.,. ;r> 'l i .

ontoic.er (I') l ~f tu rch of m!l a ph :( s rc~ ;ha~ deals '•'o'1 1h tht:! n~a u re ot being Ontology P ho loso~'ty
fJD Tn: E nc ·,·.;l~::erl • l'l
ll efiM Onloloy::.>i
f' ree On\ 'l& ()tcti o'lar,• )~1 is a r~ Onlo\O\]S.ri
Look •JP di~t . o• •~• YIPIIrs in~ l ar•ll)·l Fro(• r eferon c~ ~ .<ti !Oroa•r t~olbJr.
.. . ~ . :; .. . ..:._, . Ontolo•JY·iim•

define ontoloQ)( IW•h An$wool ~ ~ <Jn1ology V1Jhcd ls an E )! • ~•l; le

In that conte<t, 3n ontology •~ a ~p~nnon un tor maktng ontological for mal dl?f.r..fhon oi Outnlo9y L:tr;rj
untoloru•l cl)wrnrtm ~nt •s 91'/tln below. Ontology Oid! orm~
~ : ·... ·. · ~q · ' •:!'..:! _ _. ·!•I'. .

.!.,r, t;;<.IEnsi~·~

-tie

~.>.: f.i!!li.~~ J Group ,n ,lMWetos

Art•h •tott Gt~) 1

'Nii_i;ill?._an 0nJQ[QQ'{2
An ontology ii a specifiution of a conceptualiution ....
~ -.... ..1 '. · : . \.;·(.!-- · ,1 1. • 1·•) :..:!Lrl: : ·

·. " · "! An c•ntoloq't is a sp!?C ih cattc.n cof a (.•jn( .

t• • , • 6Q..Q~<UJ!."Sl!L0.!iQD.Q(s.1.£~L
Expomd 2 'imH.lt o)IISWers ..

.S~ t r;,m;;: .; O•Jt.b~ dtl ons tn f'..ML - row;~ros a Qlobal kr.GNIP.dqe ba>e.
Ontology Is defined as a descrlprlon. such ~sa formal specification or a program. of the concepts •nd
relationships that can ••1st for an agent or a community or agents)
~ · ···· , • ·:; t " .!1·.

, ... - ... t,.· ..... - · .. ... -t .... l ••.. ..-,.., - ....... .- ,- 11 ... ,.. '" , - ,,

Conversions: The Ask conversion tool will automatically convert world currency,
temperature, weight, length, area, and cooking/volume. Users can use the query
[convert amount x to amount y], e.g., [convert 200 iraqi dinars to pound sterling] or
try a natural language query such as [how many kilometers are in a nautical mile].
The conversion tool is very easy to use and impressive.

i:"~
VVeb ·~·N ews· Blogs & Fee ds· ~ · More :>

~m !convert 200 iraqi din ars to po und sterling Se .uch A cJvanced Sear ch

Web Search

4.0E-4 UK Pounds (GBP) is equal to 1 Iraqi Dinar

Convert : !Iraqi Dinars (IQD)

...... -..... t:J Convert

Discl,.imer: All date reflects mid-market rates updated every 30 minutes by XE.com

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Image Search: the Ask image search uses "authoritativeness" to rank its results and
also accesses a proprietary image index. It is one of the best image search tools
available. The image search appears as one of the default search tools on the right-
hand side of the main search page. There is no advanced image search and no
special image search options. However, when you search for an image, zoom
related search terms to expand or narrow the search appear. If you select the "save"
option, this link will save the image to your personal "stuff," which can later be
accessed via http://mystuff.ask.com/. If you select "info" about an image, you will
then see detailed information about the image, including copyright information, and
its source homepage will appear in a frame in the bottom portion of the screen.
'li•~ 'lm"-'it1 New~ · (C\Jp_<t§..~...f!•;, • §hqP.P.!:'..'! · f'lla..:2
ldcfr.~ ontology

Onlolog~ Phrlo;opf;r
IJefiloe Ontologcco!

Fr8€' (l~~ ,1~ Dr0ifJfi6!V Vlnl"i ~s an l)nlologr~r?

loo~ up di(hunaor lw~~ ir•~l:.nlly' Foe& o&f~rence d-tloonaoy toolba• Orttology-1im~
• ~;_.! . . ~-.1 ..

define ontology (W•b A~o•weoJ ~ b

Onlology What is an [,>Tll~le

In thar conre>.:~. an ontology is a sp~ltl:ltJOh USI tor m:.krng ontological Ontolo~y werM)•
onlolv~·cal corrrmrlrneot rs g.·~an befc-11. Ontology Orctronary
fj!o·· t.· : •. ' I ' d ' . • .. ' ·:· -·i!~!!!!_(~~~
• Jearch
'IVeh · ~ · Nf<\v~ · Bfog!: f>. Fi!~d~ · ~ · lv1or~
~~~fioe ontology

Extan.j ~II~ I G1oup all clJtsWE!'rS

hu~ ... et WQUJJ 1

'.;IJtal •s an Ontob~
An ontology is a specifie~tion of :1 conceptu:~lization ....
~ ~ •. ,.. I ..' !..• · ,_: ..! ! .·, •l = ·"v' ~ .·
l'1u • _·

• • , An omo1ocrv·1s a so~(ltl(atiGn ot -3 corK.

• 11 1 ~~1
~;,-:. , :,, , , .A.n c•nt<~s 8 §pecifi_r.atioll.QLe_c;QrK _
Exp.111d l olmll,ll .·mswers "

Sc1errr;f•s oubhcauons 1n Xf·..fl- towards a qloball<nowledJe base

Ontology Is defln"d as a description. such as a form:~l specification of a program. ot the concepu and
rel:3tlonshlps tn>t can exist tor :~n agent or a community of •gents)
~-.·. •... ·.~· i.,· t·,- . .

.-..r> .- •..1.,.. I,...-.. • , .. .-« ~f:..,~._,_, .~.- _..,. ,.. __ II .,,.. •• .... ,, ,...

Ask Image Search "Info" Page http://pictures .ask .com/

Number Search: Ask offers many types of number searches. The numbers Ask will
search for are:

;;. UPS tracking: enter the UPS tracking number [1Z9999X99999999], or

enter [ups tracking] to bring up the UPS tracking query option.

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);> USPS tracking: enter USPS plus the tracking number with or without
spaces [usps 9999999999999999999999], or enter [usps tracking] to bring
up the USPS tracking query option .

);> FEDEX tracking: enter FEDEX plus the tracking number [fedex
9999999999999999], or enter [fedex tracking] to bring up the FEDEX
tracking query option.

);> DHL and Airborne Express tracking : enter DHL plus the tracking number
[DHL 9999999999], or enter [DHL tracking] to bring up the DHL tracking
query option.

);> ZIP codes: enter a US ZIP code, either five or nine digits

);> ISBN: enter any International Standard Book Number

);> VIN Information: to find information about a vehicle's history, search on its
17-character Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)

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More Help: Internet Guides and Tutorials

For anyone who wants additional help in learning how to use the Internet more
effectively, many excellent resources are available for free via the Internet. Also,
there are more and more sites appearing to help new Internet users get started with
searching the web. Some help you choose the right search engine, others how to
formulate a query, and others are step-by-step tutorials.

The Internet Detective Tutorial is a free online tutorial that is part of the lntute: Virtual
Training Suite, a set of "free Internet tutorials to help you learn how to get the best
from the Web for your education and research ... [created by] a national team of
subject specialists based in universities and colleges across the UK." 60 Not familiar
with lntute? It is the newly evolved face of the Resource Discovery Network, a
carefully selected and evaluated set of academic research resources. The Internet
Detective tutorial focuses on how to evaluate Internet sources for quality and
authoritativeness, how to avoid wasting time on questionable websites and
searches, and how to avoid violating copyright laws and plagiarism. The tutorial
includes a set of practical exercises to try your Internet research skills. Although the
tutorial is aimed at university research, I highly recommend it for all readers. The
tutorial requires about an hour to complete, but it is designed so you can do it in
more than one sitting.

The Internet Detective Tutorial http://www.vts.intute.ac.uk/detective/index.html

All the lntute tutorials are available at:
lntute: Virtual Training Suite http://www.vts.intute.ac.uk/

The. following are tutorials, guides, and search-oriented sites available on the
Internet:

BrightPianet's Guide to Effective Searching of the Internet

http://www.briqhtplanet.com/deepcontent!tutorials/search/index.asp
Finding Information on the Internet: A Tutorial
http://www .I ib. berkeley.ed u/Teachinq Lib/Guides/1 nternet/Find Info.html
Internet Tutorials from University of Albany Libraries http://www.internettutorials.net/
Internet Scout Report
http://scout.wisc.edu/Projects/PastProjects/toolkit/searchinq/index.html

60
lntute: Virtual Training Suite, <http://www.vts.intute.ac.uk/> (12 September 2006).

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Pandia's Goalgetter http://www. pandia.com/qoa\qetter/index. html

Phil Bradley's Searching the Internet http://www.philb.com/searchindex.htm
Search Engine Watch Tutorials (old but still useful)
http://www.searchenqinewatch.com/resources/article.php/2156611
Web Search Guide http://www.websearchguide.ca/tutorials/tocfram.htm

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Specialized Search Tools & Techniques

This section, which first appeared in the 2006 edition, was born of the rapid growth
of both unconventional search techniques such as Google hacking and the wildfire
spreading of such tools as online maps. This year, I have added a new section on
Wikipedia and expanded the maps and mapping section.

"Google Hacking"

This topic has received a great deal of attention in the world of Internet search in the
past few years. While this activity is generically referred to as "Google hacking," 61
this is a double misnomer. First, to limit this practice to "Google" is a mistake
because many of these kinds of searches can be run using any search engine,
though they are clearly going to be most effective with a large, powerful search tool
that offers many search options, such as Google. Second, this is not hacking in the
sense that most people use the term, i.e., gaining access to a computer or data on a
computer illegally or without authorization. Nothing I am going to describe to you is
illegal, nor does it in any way involve accessing unauthorized data. "Google (or
search engine) hacking" involves using publicly available search engines to
access publicly available information that almost certainly was not intended
for public distribution. In short, it's using clever but legal techniques to find
information that doesn't belong on the public Internet.

To understand how this information has found its way into search engine databases,
we need a quick overview of how search engines work. Very simply, search engines
deploy "spiders" (aka crawlers or bats), which is actually software that "crawls"
websites looking for new sites, updating old ones, following links, and dumping all
that data into search engine databases where it is stored, sorted, and eventually
accessed by users. There is nothing illegal, immoral, or even fattening about search

61
Let's talk about the term hacking for a minute. A hacker is someone who is proficient at using or
programming a computer; in short, a computer expert. While there is no universal agreement on a
preferred term for someone engaged in illegal/illicit computer or network activity, I will call these
"black hat" hackers "malicious hackers" to distinguish them from "white hat" or neutral "hackers,"
meaning proficient or expert computer users.

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engine spiders. Indeed, without them, we would have little or no idea what is "out
there" and available to us. The problem for webmasters is that it is their
responsibility to keep the search engine spiders out of any parts of their websites
they do not want to be accessed and indexed by a search engine. The spider is not
smart; it simply knows that if a "door" is open, it can-and will-go in and crawl
around. Webmasters must tell spiders "do not enter" (primarily) by the use of the
Robots Exclusion Protocol.

Robots Exclusion 62 comes in two basic flavors: either a metatag that can be inserted
into the HTML of a web page (usually used by an individual) or a Robots Exclusion
Protocol (robots.txt) file, a specially formatted file inserted by the website
administrator to tell the spider which parts of the website may and may not be
indexed by the spider. If a robots exclusion is missing or improperly configured, the
spider will index pages that the website owner may not have wished to have been
accessed.

The whole problem of keeping information on the Internet private dramatically

worsened almost overnight a couple of years ago when Google quietly started
indexing whole new types of data. Originally, most of what got spidered and indexed
was HTML webpages and documents, with some plain text thrown in for good
measure. However, the ever-innovative Google decided this wasn't good enough
and started to index PDF, PostScript, and-most importantly-a whole range of
Microsoft file types: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Access. Problem was, lots of
folks had assumed these file types were "immune" to spidering not because it
couldn't be done but because no one had yet done it. As a result, many companies,
organizations, and even governments had quite a lot of egg on their faces when
sensitive documents began turning up in the Google database.

That was then, this is now. You might think people would have learned, but judging
by the amount of "sensitive" information still available, many have not. Even though
search engines now routinely index many non-HTML file types, many individuals and
organizations still do not protect these files from the long reach of search engine
spiders. Furthermore, there are many ways for sensitive information to end up in
search engine databases. An improperly configured server, security holes, and
unpatched software can give search engine spiders unintended access. Quite
frankly, most of the problems boil down to one thing: human error, either through
ignorance or neglect.

What kinds of sensitive information can routinely be found using search engines?
·The types of data most commonly discovered by Google hackers usually falls into
one of these categories:

62
For additional information, see: <http://www.robotstxt.org/wc/exclusion.html> (14 November 2006).

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~ personal and/or financial information

~ userids, computer or account logins, passwords
~ private, confidential, or proprietary company data
~ sensitive government information
~ vulnerabilities in websites and servers that could facilitate breaking into the
site
Now, you may be thinking to yourself, "I use Google all the time and I've never
encountered this type of information." That's not surprising. It's not usually the kind
of thing you would stumble across inadvertently. Normally, one would have to be
actively looking for this type of information. Of course, many of the documents
Google hackers find using these techniques are not sensitive and indeed are
intended for the public Internet. Only a tiny fraction of the over eight billion pages in
the Google index were not meant to be made available to the public. And, it so
happens, these techniques are excellent unconventional ways of finding useful
information that might not be discovered using routine search engine queries. Here
are some of the typical techniques used in Google hacking:

~ search by file type 63 , site type, and keyword: many organizations store
financial, inventory, personnel, etc., data in Excel spreadsheet format and
often mark the information "Confidential," so a Google hacker looking for
sensitive information about a company in South Africa might use a query such
as:

[filetype:xls site:za confidential]

a similar but more specific search could involve use of a keyword such as
budget to search for Excel spreadsheets at Indian websites; for example:
[filetype:xls site:in budget]

~ one of the most popular Google hacking technique is to employ stock words
and phrases such as proprietary, confidential, not for distribution, do not
distribute, along with a search for specific file types, especially Excel
spreadsheets, Word documents, and PowerPoint brie·fings.

~ search for files containing login, userid, and password information; note,
even at international sites, these terms usually appear in English. This type of
information is typically stored in spreadsheet format, so a typical search might
be:
[filetype:xls site:ru login]

63
It is critical that you handle all Microsoft file types on the Internet with extreme care. Never open a
Microsoft file type on the Internet. Instead, use one of the techniques described here.

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);> misconfigured web servers that list the content of directories not intended
to be on the web often offer a rich load of information to Google hackers; a
typical command to exploit this error is:

[intitle:"index of' site:kr password]

);> numrange search: this is one of the least known and (formerly) one of the
scariest searches available through Google. Numrange uses two number
separated by two periods (dots) and no spaces. While "legitimate" numrange
users probably will want to indicate what the numbers mean, e.g., weight,
money, pixels, etc. Google does ·not require any special words or symbols to
run a successful numrange search; hence its power. Numrange can be used
with keywords and other Google search options, such as:

[site:www.jordanislamicbank.com 617 ..780]

How is numrange typically used in Google hacking? It used to be extremely effective

in finding credit card numbers and social security numbers. Because of the publicity
about criminals using Google to look for private data, this particular search no longer
works for credit card and Social Security numbers, which is not a bad thing.

The disabled "hack" was:

[numrange:4567000000000000 ..4567999999999999 visa] or

[numrange :222000000 .. 250999999 ssn]

Now if you try these searches, you will see this message:

Google Error ~I , , . - . ; .,, . . , · : · · ' ·

Not Found
The requested URL
/sorry/ ?continulil::ht tp : // www . googl g . com/sea.rch'l..3Fnum\lD100'\26hl \loen\261 r\3D\26newwindow\3Dl \26.-al: a\30of f\26Q\30nurnr.enge\25
was not found on this server.

Lest you think I am spilling the beans here, I assure you I am not revealing anything
that is not already widely known and used on the Internet both by legitimate and illicit
Google hackers. I am fully indebted to Johnny Uohnnyihackstuff) Long for many of
the "Google hacking" techniques 64 I have learned. Please use the information he
provides judiciously because many of the Google hacking techniques he discusses
are really designed for cracking, i.e., breaking into websites and servers. That is not

64
Johnny Long, Google Hacking for Penetration Testers, Syngress: Rockland, MA, 2004.

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something I encourage or advocate. I do encourage you to "hack" your own website

to see what kinds of information is being revealed inadvertently via Google and other
search engines.

Also, a lot of the best information Johnny offers is for his site members only, and I do
not want to suggest you register there. Nonetheless, Johnny's briefing slides from
the 2004 Black Hat and Defcon 12 conferences are available at the official Black Hat
Briefings website and elsewhere (so much for registration). I have also found his
excellent white paper "The Google Hacker's Guide" at other sites that do not require
registration; there is another very good briefing on the dangers of Google by
Sebastian Wolfgarten.

There was a fair amount of sniping following Long's talks at Black Hat and Defcon,
mostly of the "big deal" variety, i.e., it is not "real" hacking and therefore not worthy
of presenting at Defcon. However, this is a very shortsighted point of view when one
considers the kinds of information that is so very easily available via Google, et al.
How would you like to see your Social Security Number, credit card number, and
that very handy little three digit number on the back of your credit card used for
"verification," bank routing information, mother's maiden name, etc., in the next
Google hacking briefing? Yes, all this kind of information is readily available (I
know ... l've uncovered quite a bit of it myself). And this doesn 't even take into
consideration all the other website weaknesses, such as multiple vulnerabilities with
liS 6.0 Web-based administration, that can be exposed using Google.

Johnny Long's Googledorks Page http://johnny.ihackstuff.com/qhdb .php

Johnny Long's "The Google Hacker's Guide"
http :1/www .securitymanaqement. com/library/Gooqle Hacker0704. pdf
Johnny Long, "You Got That With Google?" Black Hat Briefings and Defcon12 , July
2004.
http://www.blackhat.com/html/bh-media-archives/bh-archives-2004 .htmi#USA-2004
Johnny Long , "Google Hacking Mini-Guide," lnformit.com, 7 May 2004
http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.asp?p=170880

Sebastian Wolfgarten, "Watch Out Google"

http://www.wolfgarten.com/downloads/Watch out google .pdf

Joe Barr, "Google Hacks are for Real," Newsforge.com, 6 August 2004
http://www.newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=04/08/05/1236234

Taken all together, the information Johnny Long has found using Google (he sticks
with this one search engine), combined with the techniques he details at his website,
provide an excellent tutorial on using Google to find stuff that really should not be on
the public Internet or easily accessible via a search query. Furthermore, the greatest
value of his efforts may not be in finding useful information but in demonstrating the
vulnerabilities of any given website and the necessity of taking strong measures to

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ensure the information that gets into Google (as well as other search engine
databases and the Internet Archive) is only that which is intended.

Given the large amount of "sensitive" or private data readily available via Internet'
search engines, people naturally wonder why companies and individuals do not
actively try to remove this information. Sometimes they do, but much still remains
accessible. Why? Getting private information "back" is harder than preventing
its disclosure in the first place. There are steps you can take to remove your data, ·
but as hacker Adrian Lamo says, "removing links after the fact isn't a very elegant
solution." Nor is it likely to be terribly effective. There are a number of reasons for
this, but what it boils down to is: it's very hard to put the genie back in the bottle.

First of all, you have to find out if your data is "out there" in order to ask search
engines to remove it and, clearly, many people and organizations are not playing
defense, that is, they are not routinely checking to see what is indexed from their
websites. Let's say you find something on Google that shouldn't be on the public
Internet. The first thing you have to do is to protect the sensitive pages on your site
or remove them entirely. However, even when you have removed those pages from
your website, this doesn't mean they can't be accessed. Once documents are
indexed in a search engine database, a publicly available copy of those documents
(usually referred to as the cache copy) may remain behind for days, weeks, even
months.

The next step is to ask Google to remove your sensitive pages from its database.
However, even when Google removes your data, there are literally hundreds of other
search engines around the world, and who knows what they have indexed from your
site. It will not be an easy task finding out. And I'll hazard a guess that not all of them
will be quite so accommodating as Google in removing pages. -

To make matters worse, if something really "juicy" shows up in a search engine,

chances are someone will find it and copy it to another website. Once this happens,
you can forget about removing that information from the Internet. To further
complicate matters, even if no individual comes across your sensitive data, the
Internet Archive 65 spider is almost certainly going to find that webpage and index it in
the Archive, and there it will remain until and unless you find it first and ask the
Archive to remove it. As you can see, the genie is running amuck! Prevention is
much easier (though certainly not easy) than curing this particular disease, so it's
vital to pay close attention to anything you put on a website, especially something
you do not want the whole world to see.

65
The Internet Archive is a non-profit organization that was founded to "build an 'Internet library,' with
the purpose of offering permanent access for researchers, historians, and scholars to historical
collections that exist in digital format. Based in San Francisco, the Internet Archive has been
harvesting the World Wide Web since 1996, to create one of the largest data collections in the world.
The Internet Archive's web archive contains over 100 terabytes of data, and the collection is growing
at a rate of 12 terabytes per month." <http://www.archive.org/> (14 November 2006).

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11 O~ILY

Because of the vast amount of information available using public search engines, it's
relatively easy to find lots of interesting, amusing, shocking examples of sensitive
information. While this is all fine and good for entertaining yourself and impressing
your friends, what we are really after is ·useful, meaningful, and actionable
information. Put succinctly:

It's Easier to Find Anything Than It Is to Find Something

So how do you find "something" useful? While it isn't easy to do so, I can make
some suggestions that might help. The most valuable assets you have are your
subject matter knowledge and your creativity. Add these to a few search engine
strategies, and you can probably ·find many relevant and genuinely useful pieces of
information. The strategies I recommend for finding "something" rather than just
"anything" are:

Limit the search by site

This can be as broad as a county [site:fr] or as specific as an individual server on a

company website [site:office.microsoft.com].

Try to be as specific as possible

You will have a lot more success searching for information within the Chinese
Ministry of Foreign Affairs [site:fmprc.cn.gov] than looking at all the sites indexed for
China [site:cn] or even for the government of China [site:gov.cn]

Add keywords

Here's where your subject matter knowledge and creativity really help. You are the
best source of information about what words are most likely to yield the best quality
and quantity of useful information. As a general rule, more uncommon words work
best (consider using unusual proper names).

Limit the search by file type

Most of the best information found by Google hackers is not on webpages {HTML)
but in other types of files. Try all or most of the file types one at a time (these are not
the only searchable file types; check the particular search engine's documentation
(Help page) for others):

filetype:pdf-good for large documents of all types; widely used in academia,

government, and business; many PowerPoint briefings are also made available
in PDF at the same website
filteype:doc-good for internal working documents, reports, etc.
filetype:xls-good for personnel data, computer records, financial information

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filetype:ppt-good for briefings, which often contain company or government

plans for the future

~_a_{ij)_·_~·~_j_tf!l_:~~~:·d·~-~J ~~. •_!rJ• ~ ::E>sSi-- • ® ()l!lrF· t!l'·l~

0 ~ .; tJ · §! . !§) • Q' • -"' • ~ .(; l· ; :,.1 I •l o:

Muhammad Aslam
.at ccTLO Man<~ger
................ .:... . _____',.~.: .... :·.~

_r~ - · ---· _·__ _____:_

Presentation by: Gaurab Raj Upadllaya

at APOPS Forum. 16 APNIC Open Polley Meeting
August. 21 , 2003. Seoul. Korea

AFGNlC
And, ofte·n, PowerPo.int fHes are also
available i;n PDF(safer/easier to read)

Use Google hacking techniques to search inside websites requiring registration

You will frequently encounter a website, perhaps a database, that requires

registration to view its contents. On occasion, you can use Google to get at that data
without registering. For example, let's say you find a database of international
companies that requires free registration. Without registering, you may be able to
use Google to list all the companies and even get a look at the individual entries. Try
this series of queries or something similar:

[site:www.companyname.com inurl:database] or

[site:www.companyname.com inurl:directory] or

[site:www.companyname.com inurl:index]

Then, look for keywords, such as companies, and move to the next level query:

[site:www.cornpanyname.com inurl:companies]

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You may be able to browse through the list of companies and get names,
addresses, phone numbers, etc.

Search in the native language

I cannot emphasize strongly enough how important it is to use keyword search terms
that are in the native language of the entity you are researching. The Internet is
becoming much less dependent upon English, and sites written in languages that do
not use the Latin alphabet are growing by leaps and bounds. For example, a search
term written in the native language and encoding is far more likely to yield
interesting, useful results than the same word transliterated into English. Most good
quality search engines now correctly render non-Latin search terms regardless of
how the term is transliterated in English. A search on the Arabic ~ returns very
different results than searching on [muhammad], [mohamet], [mohammed], etc.

~ ~ ~ ~
~
Gougle :: D>9sktop
Semch I ~eo~r<rtl

Results 1 . 100 of aboul 25.800,000 for 0.06) -seconds)

;:tr'2tlsb.J:,:I~barnmad_,J_®JJLL~.E """'-" ~ 1 - I l•;·r~,!,t;t>l>t!2' I

... by sheikh Muhammad Jebril's spectacular voice . ........, ~ ~ c-" ,~.&...u!_, ~fol J,j}}. ~J ~
J,y..
·N~~.,\:,:.J.;obnl.c,:..rr./- Gl<- :~?-~;.-~2~~-~-- -~_l~!.:.r.l.~~-r..r.~.U~).

>.,w.P)I'<=-11- Ji,. ~.<.LJI. I T'''"''"'"'ilo,;E•J•• I

~ .:.L_,L-..1 '1L-Ju~y.ll ~~.1 ~~'-:ii_,~_,._..JI ~ -~ w~ ...
wvNr.t':'bril com.h:u/lrVJ~.o~..htrrt- J3k- '.->·-~·~,~-l~ · L='.).~.(~_J__f>h}~!.-~.
IYiohammad Esfal1ar11 Offic1al \Neb Site
Iranian s1nger. Profile, discography, and pictures.
'•W•'\.' rrh)h.:trorncd-easf<~hrtll! t:"(ltn/ · 1Dk · ~~j_J.:j_ri · ;:.!.:.!.!J:;r r,;,~2

ucWI ~ ~I"'.J._,.c 1 -r""8 U:..;.a

photographing,landscape ,Portra1t .... All works of art copyright© MOHAMED MANNAI . .AJI
r~ghtsreseMld Copyright if:) 20!10-2006 MOHAMED MANNAI.
W11·'.'7 rnrnar,-'131 carn.l-7~. C_r~~~~."::~l- ::;I~T-~! £_iif;€'~

MUHI\.MM.A.D A.LI- Tlw Great<:lst Of A.ll Time

Thrs IS the Officral website of Muhammad Alr. the greatest of all trme.
'.Y"'t-:: .:~h. c. om.: 221,- ( -JchC>J- 3~rrd:.; ~1:.~-~~-;.

\l'/elcom8 to Hts Htqhness ::.heiKh Mohammed bin Rashi·j AI Mak1oum's ...

Offinal site of the Ruler of Dubai, who is also the UAE Vice Presrdent and Pnme Minister.
Contains news, hrs poetry and other information m Arabrc and ...
''1-111-.': sherhiYnoh;::;rnmec.J co ~1e-'- 2J..- ~-- ~1~:>-·~~~- ;:ir)1'::0! P.-t;~·~:

,_)! ......., 1 ~, .....)1 1 _..,.;Jic>~ ·I r.,, ~'''··'''" P'oi~ I

ol.I_.,.JI ~J <...iD rfo Jl ~IJ lJ' ...._ ~ _,.....JI u.aJ- ~JI ~1 ~_,JI _,- 1». ...
wJ.'." sht:>;lthrr.uk-IIM~n:~d .:.o a~~ral.lr(./ir:d~:-;u~:.p- 2k · !~.:.~-~_i~]j · ;:::!'..0.:.1_;~-~--U~.J::.:.:

AI-Hairlm9dt com- A Website for All

Al-Hammadi.com is a website with informallon on Qatar, Islam. Arabic music, and more.
Come on in and enJOY what we have to offer
'.\·w:: -::~1-1:..-mlr:JarJt t:•.m:/- 12k- -~--~-~ ..=...::.:~- ~~.1:0~1.:~.U~.~:2.:.~::.

Remember that Diacritics Also Affect Searches

Most search engine algorithms are now set up to "read" accented search terms
differently from those without accents. It's easy to test this by searching first for a
term without any diacritical marks and then the same word with the marks, e.g.,
resume vs. resume.

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Some common types of diacritical marks:

• acute accent ( ')

• ring 1 ~bove ( 0 ) used for angstrom@, aka krouzek
• breve ( y)
• caron or hacek ( v)
• cedilla ( . )
• circumflex ( A )
• umlaut1 or diaeresis ( · )
• double acute accent ( N)
• grave accent (' )
• macron(-)
• ogonek ( L)
• spiritus asp er
• spiritus lenis

1
/ Strictly taken not diacritics but parts of the character.
66

Look for Misspellings (Intentional or Accidental)

I am constantly amazed by the frequency of misspelled words, uris, file names, etc.,
I encounter on the Internet. By far, most appear to be simple mistakes, often made
by non-English speakers trying to cope with our confusing language. These
mistakes tend to propagate as users copy and paste them again and again, which is
what I believe happened here:

66
Fact Index, <http://www.fact-index.com/d/di/diacritic.html>

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Google
Web Results 1 - 10 of 10 from www.chinadaily.com.cn for enlgish . (0.30 seconds)

jobs
Chinadaily.ccm.c n Re cruitment tf!IE El W~~&~?l" ~~Oi~ itll~­
r.;m'i\rJ(t~f!i(1 ;gl (~t:?.m) . ~* :tr MH9~.:t~Hli: ...
VNNv.chinodaily .com.cn/e nlybh / doci2004-03/ 16/clmter,t_.3lS3·t4. hlm- 23k. - (:~ch>;d - ~:: imil ot >J;<t18>;

jobs
Chinadaily. com. en Re cruitment tf!IE El W~ ~01?l" . ~ ~~i..!!:itll~­
i.Q:iHf!i(1;g) (~t:?.m). ~* :tr~~~.:ti.~it~ill: ...
vN·tH. c.hrnadaily. corn. cn/en luish/ doct2004-03ll Giconter,t_31531 G.htm - 23k - (;~':_L~)- 7!:r:Jt''~.P.i'.~l"-~~

jobs
Chinadaily . com.cn Recruitment tf!IE El t\i(lffl !ili11l". r!J±rol:~-JiJi I~H£J! (
~lrtttr~3!-> (2:g) ( ~t:?.m ). ~* : 30 ...
\'·,'•N-.V.ch ino(iaily.corn.cnie ui!JiShi doc/20rJ•J.r::r3.f1G/co ntent_315317.htm- 23k- Gz.rlwd- cJimil~l' C'l~~::

lObS
Chinadaily.com.cn Recruitment tf!IE El Wtm !JOli'l" (21
1it~~ ::!-' ~~:ltW > ~"~Jt!!~l?'f~l! «.211!t~~::!-'~~:ltW ...
wv•rw. chir,ad~ ily .com . cnien i!Jishi docf2004-04.106/conl8nt_321050.htm- 9k- (;]_~l1EQ- SimUi!r_p'l!J\:'~

jobs
Chmadaily.com .cn Rec ruitment tf!OO 8 t\i(lffl!Jiil?l" ~i~:¥:~~ I'JUUi(
2-3:S) (~t:?.r!J) . Ift.PJiU JI!!: ~t:?. ~i!i ...
www.chirradail:;.eom.cn/e nlyish! ,joct200,1-03f l6/con tent_3·t5312 .htrn- 30k · ~.i'.fh_~j- ;:L!:.it~lc.l!.~.!l~~-

Finally, the enormity of the task of finding meaningful and useful information on the
Internet is both daunting and comforting: daunting because we know we can only
scratch the surface of all the data and comforting because there is an almost
limitless pool of possibilities. I find it useful to keep the challenge in perspective by
recalling that a study published in 2000 showed "the sixty known, largest deep Web
sites contain data of about 750 terabytes (HTML-included basis) or roughly forty
times the size of the known surface Web." 67 In short, there is just so much data and
information available via the Internet that no institution, no government, no
computer, and certainly no individual can possibly grasp more than a small portion of
all there is.

67
Michael K. Bergman, "The Deep Web: Surfacing Hidden Value," BrightPianet .com, July 2001,
<http://www .brightplanet.com/technology/deepweb .asp> (14 November 2006), Introduction.

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Custom Search Engines

This topic is new this year and expands upon the entries on Rollyo and Gigablast's
Custom Topic Search from last year's edition. During 2006 there was an explosion in
the number of custom search engines, including entries from Google, Yahoo, and
Live Search, so you know the powerhouses think this is worth a try. Whether this
trend catches on remains to be seen.

The phrase "custom search engine" is very misleading. l\lone of these sites permits
users to create a new search engine. What each site does in its own way is to let
users customize an existing search engine to search specific sites in specific ways
and return results in a personalized fashion. Thus, a better name for these services
would be customizable searching, but that moniker is clearly unappealing. Just
remember that you are not creating a new search engine any more than customizing
a car is building a new automobile from the tires up.

Most of the custom search sites operate on a simple principle: they automate a long
"site" search, e.g., the search is equivalent to [keyword(s) AND (site 1 OR site 2 OR
site 3 ... 0R site n)], where n stands for the maximum number of sites you are allowed
to search.

In short, the proliferation of customizable search means that companies, educational

institutions, government agencies, and individuals can easily put the power of the big
search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and Live Search with its search Macros to
work creating tailored and specialized search services in a way that has never
before been possible. Customizable search may be "the next big thing," and I
believe it is one of the most positive examples of that vague but ubiquitous concept
called Web 2.0.

Gigablast's Custom Topic Search http://www.gigablast.com/cts.html

Gigablast's Custom Topic Search was one of the first "create your own search
engines" to appear, although Gigablast's creator Matt Wells never claimed it was
anything other than a way to customize Gigablast. The beauty of the Gigablast CTS
is that it requires no software installation but is very, very simple HTML code, so
simple anyone can edit and understand it. No registration is required.

Many of Gigablast's features were primarily designed for webmasters instead of

users, but this one is potentially valuable to both: "Build Your Own Topic Search
Engine." Gigablast "allows you to create a list of up to 200 web sites (or subsites)
and a search box that searches just those sites." Custom Topic Search even lets
you decide if .you want Gigablast to cluster the results for you. The concept behind

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topic search is that you, and not some anonymous marketer, choose the sites you
want to search . This "tool" (for want of a better word) is amazingly easy to use and
powerful. As someone whose eyes glaze over at the mere sight of code, let me put
this in "user" language. If you are familiar with Google's site: syntax, imagine being
able to have a "canned" query that runs against up to 200 websites of your own
choosing and lets you run it whenever you like and use whatever keyword(s) you
want at any time. The query on Google would look something like this:

[keyword site:cnn.com OR site:dmoz.org OR site:amazon.com OR

site:usatoday.com OR site:cia .gov (etc.)]

The problem with Google is that multiple site/domain searches are cumbersome at
best, and they quickly run up against Google's 32-word limit. Enter Matt Wells and
Gigablast. As the creator and sole proprietor of his own search engine, Matt has the
luxury of being able to add new options easily. I think CTS is his best innovation yet.
Even if you are as HTML-averse as I am, this code is so easy to edit that it's a piece
of cake. To make things even easier, I have done the basics for you. First, however,
I highly recommend you read through the Gigablast pages below on the concepts
behind CTS. .

Build Your Own Topic Search Engine of Custom Topic Search

http://www.giqablast.com/byose.html
http://www.qigablast.com/cts.html

Now you're ready to take a look at, edit, and try the CTS. Copy and paste this HTML
code into an application such as 1\Jotepad.

<head>
<title>Gigablast Custom Search</title>
</head>
<body>
Search News Websites
<form method="post" action="http://www.gigablast.com/search">
<input type="text" name="q" size="60">
<input type="submit" value="search" border="O">
<input type="hidden" name="sc" value="1 ">
<input type="hidden" name="sites" value="cnn.com news.yahoo.com
news.google.com usatoday.com foxnews.com">
</form>
</body>

This is a bare bones version of the CTS code. Now you can play with the code and
make it into your own custom topic search page. I should mention that I set the "site
clustering" option to 01\J <input type="hidden" name="sc" value="1 "> but you can
reset it to OFF by changing 1 to 0. Once you save as an HTML file, all you have to

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do to use it is to open the file in your browser, insert keyword(s), and go.
Obviously, you will want to add more sites to search (I only put in a few) and change
the topic to something of interest to you (I chose the rather bland News topic for
demonstration purposes). Also, you can enter sub-sites or more specific sites, such
as cnn.com/WORLD or dir.yahoo.com.

One thing to keep in mind that is you are searching Gigablast's database of
pages from these websites, not the sites themselves. The "work" that goes into
creating a CTS is mostly up front because once you create your list of sites, it is not
a complicated matter to add to or subtract from it. I can easily imagine creating a set
of these search forms on a variety of topics using existing bookmarks.

Rollyo http://rollyo.com/

Rollyo stands for "Roll your own" search engine, meaning that you select the
sources you want to search. Rollyo is powered by Yahoo, so results will come from
Yahoo only. Rollyo lets users search up to 25 sites (not a huge number) and also try
out and use other people's "Searchrolls." In order to save, share, and use your
Searchrolls on other computers, you must register with an email address and a user-
created name and password.

Rollyo has some unusual features. For example, Rollyo permits users to upload their
bookmarks to create Searchrolls, edit someone else's Searchroll to make it your
own, keep your Searchrolls private or share them. Rollyo searches entire sites or
you can limit your search to a subdomain; however, you cannot limit your search to
directories within a site, e.g., in this case, everything after the slash is ignored:
security. news. com/library.

Rollyo has a nice little bookmarklet called Rollbar that "gives you access to all of
your Searchrolls wherever you are.

• Search any site you visit, from the same spot on your browser, without
having to dig around for every site's search page.

• Add sites to your Searchrolls on the fly.

• Create a new Searchroll from anywhere."

<http://rollyo.com/bookmarklet.html>

One of the most attractive features of Rollyo is the ability to share Searchrolls. Here
is an example of a Searchroll named "Muslim World Views." The sources searched
are on the left side:

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Tr)"il 0u1
l:'l CHECK IT OUT!
in: IMuslim World V1ews :=OJ Sea1ch I Get your RoiiBllr Add o Se~rchbox

I.IUSLU.I WORW VIEI'IS Latest Custom Blog Results: 00 SlUFF

0 Add to my Rollyo Ho•.r·;P.men's worhn(l r;onditlfJns: f'JiakinQ it more bearahle for JIJnior doctor·s t Add to my Pcllyo
BrouQht to you by t Edit t.h1s Se-.:~rchroll

viblog • Link to Seard"trc.ll

Latest Custom News Results:: t Add to Firefox™

t Share v<ith ~ friend
Hou::lemen's working conditions: f'.'1dkinq it rnor e bearable for Junior docJ.:ors

irn~.r.am Baghdad un•versitv boml:ung kills 7(1

enqlrsh .aljCJ2eer.
Baghdad •Jntversrtv bombrng kills 70

~lore tustom News Results •••

1:=\amrepubh .

.t>.l Jazeera English ·· Archive

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Provides a hio;torv of thi!:l region, as well as news o!lnd analysis of the Israeli-Palestii"Jian conflict.
englr:.:h .d.Yralhay ..

Rollyo has added blog and news searches (again, from Yahoo) to the results. Rollyo
makes it very easy to create, save, and edit custom searches.

Google Custom Search Engine http://www.google.com/coop/cse/overview

Google got into the custom search game rather late. In October 2006 Google
announced its own version of a custom search engine. In the announcement,
Google said,

"When we say we're letting people build a custom search engine, we mean the
whole thing: choosing which pages they want to include in their index, how the
content should be prioritized, whether others can contribute to the index, and
what the search results page will look like ... Here's how a Custom Search Engine
works: organizations or individuals simply go to www.google.com/coop/cse and
select the websites or pages they'd like to include in their search index. Users
can choose to restrict their search results to include only those pages and sites,
or they can give those pages and sites higher priority and ranking within the
larger Google index when people search their site. Users can then customize the
look, feel and functionality of their search engine." 68

68
Google Press Release, "The Power of Google Search is Now Customizable," 23 October 2006,
<http://www.google.com/press/annc/custom search.html> (17 January 2007).

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After a telephone conference with Google's Marissa Mayer and the Google product
managers, search and Google expert John Battelle shared his comments, which I
think are excellent insights:

"While similar to Rollyo's innovative custom roll, the Google CSE adds the benefit
of allowing users to roll an unlimited number of sites together and display the
results on their own site, with personalized presentation . Someone on the call
described this as the fragmentation of search. The ability to build verticals will
allow experts to build specialized engines. But while the engines will be
individual, the collaborative element of tagging the domains encourages
communities of knowledge to create together. So while each will stand apart from
the amazing all-in-one answer box, the Custom Search will also allow a
thickening or deepening of intelligent tags in Co-op, which feeds the one box that
unites them all. " <http://battellemedia .com/archives/003006 .php>
Not surprisingly, you must have a Google account to use this service. Also,
Google Custom Search includes AdSense sponsored links alongside search results,
but government sites, non-profits, and educational institutions are exempt from the
advertising requirement. To see the Google Custom Search in action , take a look at
Real Climate.org's internal search: <http://www.realclimate.org/> Even better, check
out Customsearchguide, a directory of Google Custom Search Engines that others
have created but you can use. Here is an example of general science and
technology custom searches.
- - - · - - - -- - -- - --~, - - - - --
Control Center

~ CustomSearchGui~
General Science And Technology Search Forms
Yo •• A1~ He1 e: Home ::. Tec hnology> General Science And Tec hnol ogy Se arch Forms
Bon.inU} And r ins n ct . !::!s.ill!l · ~~. Ri! hHt net . S h oppin g .~. ~ . ~ .~

E•litor Vislt.-.r . .
_se_•u_~h_F_
u ff_"_______ R~ tl n ?R~Ihr9 _
De_sc_IIP_h~_"_____________
Technolo gy Se arc h nfa . . . . Searches science and technology resources.
Scie nc e and Engineerin g Search nla n/a Find info on sci en ce and engineering.

Scien ce Wjkis n/a n/a Se ar che s scienc e-oriented wiki sites

Wehm.lsters & BIO!JfJer s: Li nk here & en co ur ag e pe ople to use and vot e for your favorite CSEs

<~ hre!- :
"http: fft.rwu. cust o ~~at::ch gui de. com/ceu:.egor i e :s/ t e c hnology/ge n era l -:s c i enc e- ~
Science And Tec hno l ogy Search f orrt!!J </ a > ~
·~ .••,•••• •.••... ·~· .·.•...'Jru.

home e link to us • about • ~ • prtvacy • ~

Copyrig ht C 2000 , Moving Traffic . Inc. All Right s Reserved.

Customsearchguide http://www.customsearchguide.com/

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Yahoo Search Builder http://builder.search.yahoo .com/

Yahoo's custom search option requires registration and is very similar to others
create your own search sites. Rollyo predates the Yahoo Search Builder and also
searches the Yahoo database, giving you a good idea of what you can do with this
tool.

Live Search Macros http://search .live .com/macros/default.aspx

I discuss creating and finding search macros in the section devoted to Microsoft's
Live Search.

Alexa Web Search Platform http://websearch.alexa.com/welcome.html

What has been for many the holy grail of search is now a big step closer to reality.
With little fanfare, Amazon's Alexa subsidiary announced in December 2005 that it
was opening up its search tools and index to the world in a new project named the
Alexa Web Search Platform (AWSP)-and for a very modest price.

According to its website, ''The Alexa Web Search Platform provides public access to
the vast web crawl collected by Alexa Internet. Users can search and process
billions of documents and even create their own search engines using Alexa's
search and publication tools. Alexa provides compute and storage resources that
allow users to quickly process and store large amounts of web data. Users can view
the results of their processes interactively, transfer the results to their home
machine, or publish them as a new web service."

What exactly is Alexa offering to the user? In essence, Alexa gives the user, whether
an individual or organization, access to the same kind of powerful technology used
by Google, Yahoo, and Live Search . "Alexa spiders 4 billion to 5 billion pages a
month and archives 1 terabyte of data a day. The new platform will allow developers
to build their own search engines." The goal? To democratize web search by taking
it out of the hands of giants like Google and putting it into the hands of literally
anyone and everyone. The implications are enormous. And it appears it is a hit. In
fact, within a very short time of its initial opening, Alexa had to cut off new
applications temporarily because it was overloaded with customers wanting to sign
up for the new service, but the site soon reopened registration .

The Alexa Web Search Platform (AWSP) offers the user the capability to:

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);;> define (search): AWSP has a much more robust set of search options, syntax,
and APis than other search engines and also permits the use of stored
(canned) queries; the AWSP "data store" contains text, html, music, video,
images, and more types of files.
I .
);;> process: users can search the ent1re Alexa data store and "are able to
process both the raw content and the metadata extracted by Alexa's internal
processes."

);;> publish: the output of the search can be anything from one result to an
entirely new vertical search engine, for example a new video search engine
or a new search engine for automotive parts. Quite literally, "by making use of
these utilities, a user might introduce a great new search service to the world
with nothing more than a home computer." 69

The costs are modest and are based on consumption (you pay for what you use and
not for a subscription or service contract):

$1 per cpu hour ($0.50 for reserved but unused hours)

$1 per GB/year of user storage
$1 per 50 GB processed
$1 per GB uploaded/downloaded
$1 for every 4,000 user-published web service requests
In case you're curious, Alexa has a long history. Now owned by Amazon, Alexa was
created by Bruce Gilliat and Brewster Kahle (of Internet Archive fame), and until now
has been both famous and infamous as the technology behind the controversial web
traffic and website statistics "What's Related" toolbar feature in both Netscape and
Internet Explorer. The new AWSP is actually integrated into Amazon 's web services
platform, something no one has done before. 70

Simply stated, Alexa/Amazon are "renting" their huge database ("data store") to any
and all takers for a remarkably reasonable price and, what is more, offering detailed

69
Alexa Web Search Platform User Guide, Introduction: What Can I Do with the Platform?
<http://paqes .alexa.comfawspfdocsfWebHelpfAWSP User Guide.htm> (17 January 2007) .
70
There is one example of something similar, which came to my and some others' minds. If you are
familiar with IBM's WebFountain and its proprietary implementations for specific customers, you may
see some similarities . WebFountain also spidered the web and then let IBM's customers run queries
against that data set in more sophisticated ways than simple querying (something akin to
datamining). However, the problem with WebFountain and its progeny was that IBM had to write the
programs, and thereby hangs a tale of woe. For more, I recommend Jeff Dalton's blog entry on this
topic (I think he nails it). Jeff Dalton, "Alexa Web Search Platform: IBM WebFountain 2.0," Jeffs
Search Cafe, <h ttp:f fsearch cafe .blogspot. comf2005f 12falexa-web-search- platform-ibm .h tml>

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user support on how to maximize the effectiveness of this data to get the most out of
it. The customer is empowered to write his own program to run against the
Alexa/Amazon data, download the results (metadata), and even create his own
private search engine on their platform. Perhaps I am wrong, but this could be a
huge development, perhaps even a major change in the way we use the web.

Amazon Web Services Platform

http://www .amazon.com/gp/browse.html/1 04-1308416-9976726?node=3435361 &
Alexa Web Search Platform (beta) http:/ /websearch. alexa. com/welcome. html
Alexa Web Search Platform Users Guide
http://pages.alexa .com/awsp/docs/WebHelp/AWSP User Guide.htm

More Custom Search Sites

There are other sites offering customized search that you may want to experiment
with to find one that best suits your needs. Search expert Phil Bradley reviews some
of these custom search sites in a two-part article on Searchenginewatch.com:
"Search Your Own Way," Part I,
http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?paqe=3623434 and Part 2,
http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?page=3623482

Eurekster's Swicki http://swicki.eurekster.com/

PSS http://www.pssdir.com/

Fagan Finder

The Fagan Finder site has been a boon to searchers for some time not so much
because of its basic interface, which is a good but unexceptional megasearch tool,
but because of the many other "useful tools" site creator Michael Fagan has made
available.

Fagan Finder File Format Search

Instead of having to visit a number of different search engines to search for files in a
variety of formats, users can now go to the Fagan Finder "search by File Format"
page, which is still in beta testing but appears to be running just fine. By selecting a
specific file format, e.g., Microsoft PowerPoint, Fagan Finder automatically shows

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which of the search engines is capable of searching for that particular type of file.
Not every search engine on the list searches for every file type.

Also, keep in mind that the Fagan Finder file type search for XML is less precise
than going directly to Google or Yahoo and searching by filetype: in Google and by
originurlextension: in Yahoo. If you use one of these search engines, you can
specify that you only want to search for, say, those files that are .rss by entering the
query [filetype:rss] or [originurlextension:rss]. These queries will return only those
documents in RSS format, not those in XML or RDF. So I recommend using the
Fagan Finder search by file type for files types other than XML, RSS, or RDF ..

options . ·~c. • · l · . . •-_:_ · _ ·-- ~..,., .• ~:. .. ._ -· :.':· ./ :;:·~

File Founat: Se;udt Engine
<- mAdobe Portable Document Format r ~ Lotu-; 1-2-3 r. Google in! a
r ~Adobe PostScript r (k Lotus WordPro r Yahoo I
r I!) Microsoft Excel r ~\~>Star Office r Gigaolast
r @]Micro sort PowerPolnt \· ~Macwr~e r Teoma
r ~Microsoft Word r ~-Macro media Flash r Exalead
1 !:l Microsoft WorKs I (ID Text r- Scirus
1 B Microsoft Write \!!:lXML < Sensls
< @Rich Text Format < !;JjAutot:;~Q
<~Corel WordPerfect

About this Tool •

This tool uses enables easy access to searching for various non-IITML (standard web page) file formats. Certain documents are commonly used for different
pw-poses; for example many academic papers are in Adobe Portable Document Format Because tlus tool makes use of other tools. it is limited by their functionality.
Searching in Google for JO,fi, files, for example, uses the file extensions xml. rdf. and rss; which means that not all XML files are included. and some non-Th!L files
may be included.
File Viewing
Different file formats require differe-nt software to view those files. Adobe Portable Document Format, for instance, requires _'-.dobe R~adtr.
Scirus ~nd Sen sis
Scirus is a search engine for scientific information; it includes Adobe Portable Document Fonnat fi.les in addition to standard web pages. It is powered by Fast
Search & Transfer. the former owner of the AUtht \Veb search engine. Sen sis is a search engine which has both "world" and "Australia.. options. Restricting by file
fonnat is not perfect yet, as some r"esults retwned may not be of the requested type.

Fagan Finder Search by File Type http://www.faqanfinder.com/filetype/

URLinfo http://www.faqanfinder.com/urlinfo/
The indefatigable Michael Fagan also introduced a beta version of a new tool,
URLinfo, in mid-2004. URLinfo fills a void created when AlltheWeb effectively shut
down and took with it the useful "uri investigator." While Yahoo now offers Site
Explorer and Google a lame version [info:domain.com], Fagan's URLinfo provides
many more options for exploring a site. As with everything he does, Fagan has gone
all out with URLinfo, almost to the point of providing too many options! However, he
has done a smart thing in keeping the main URLinfo page simple, "hiding" the nearly
85 investigative tools in his toolkit behind a variety of tabs. I think URLinfo is
important and valuable enough to spend time looking at most of the options in some
detail.

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Here is a snapshot of the URlinfo main page.

optlons j_' . · :· • - ~ _- -.. _-_-

File Format: Search Englrt•
\o ~AOobe Portable Document Format r ~ Lotus l-2-3 \o Google info
r it) Adobe PostScript r ti Lotus Word Pro r Yahoo I
r ~Microsoft Excel r ~{.>Star Office r Gigabl~st
r ®Microsoft PowerPoint r ~MacWrite r Teoma
r liDMicrosoft word (' ~ Macromedta Flash r Exaleaa
r r!}M icrosoftWorks r @Te><t r Scirus
9
r Microsoft Write r u:nXML r sensis
r \'!j Rich Text Format r~Auto_g_~
r ~ Corel WordPerfect

About this Tool

This tool uses enables easy access to searching for various non-liTML (standard web page) file fonnats. Certain documents are commonly u«d for different
pwposes; for example many academic papers are in Adobe Portable Document Fonnat. Because this tool makes use of other tools , it is limited by their functionality.
Searching in Google for x:ML Sles, for example. uses the file extensions xrnl. rdf. and rss: which means that not all :xML files: are included. and some non-XML files
may be included.
Ftle Viewing
Different file fonnats require different software to view those files. Adobe Portable Document F ot'l11at. for instance. requires Adobe kr.;,d.r.
Sciru5 3nd Sen5ls
Scirus is a search engine for scientific information; it includes Adobe Portable Document Fonnat files in addition to standard web pages. ll is powtred by Fast
Search & Transfer. the former owner of the .6.liU.- W F.b search engine. Sensis is a search engine which has both "world" and "Australia" options. Reslricting by file
fonnat is not perfect yet. as some results returned may not be of the requested type.

Note the eleven tabs at the top, behind each of which is a range of investigatory
options. For help using URLinfo simply click on the dark blue [info] link on the far
right. The first step in using URLinfo is to enter a uri (address) in the search box at
the top of the page. Keep in mind that if you enter a uri in the search box and
simply hit return, you will be taken to that webpage, not to information about
it.

Entering a uri can prove to be more problematic than you might think because not
every URLinfo tool can handle the same format. For example, in the General tab, the
one most users are likely to use most frequently, you will get very different results
depending on the type of uri entered. For basic .com, .org, .net, .info, .biz, and .us
domains, Domain Tools is great. However, for any other top-level domain, you must
use Global Whois, and it will not search on anything but first-level domain names.
This means that neither Domain Tools nor Global Whois can look up
[www.duma.gov.ru]. Global Whois, however, will find first-level domains such as
[www.feb-web.ru]. This does not mean you cannot find information about
[www.duma.gov.ru].

Take a look at the results from the first tab, Alexa.

As you can see, you get lots of data about the Russian Duma website. Note that
there are many additional useful links from the Alexa page, including one to the
Internet Archive's Wayback machine.

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@)Alexa Web search

ldumo.gov.ru
1«1hl;ttrn3d web Directory
Get T rafflc Details J hp -soo- Mt-v-El":s & Sh.MoerJ

r
roeyA~PtTBeHH~R AyMo ~.
EXPLORE THIS SITE Sponsored Links
ll>eAeponbHOro Coo poHHA ~~ ~ 5- '>overview Raid Th~ Btwk!
Potci4HtKo i4 <l>eAepo ... Mono;!y you n~ver ~n~?w you
~ Traf1rc Detarls
we-r~ mis'3itlg!
O¢l~u.HanbHbai cepeep. ~ crop ~,R H. per.naa.AeHT 9 Related Lir•K'.
rocy.aapC TB eHHO~ ..QyMbl, HH.Pop~t.~a4'tR 0 ee >:> Sne> L!nkrng in F1ee Con!JOQ Netp.1ss
3 8 KOHO.Il3TeflbHOit J1eRTeJ1bHOCnt J]enyTaTCKI·H1 KOpnyc. Free .A.ccess ~o I hi? VV~b's T0p
3aKOHOAaTe.nbCTBO Pa> V1H¢lopMaLJ.~tA npecc-c..ny>K6bl. Sub~cription sit~?sl

'{our AC' H.:-1e

Traffic Rank for go¥ ru 14.249

Shue your thoughts P<>ople who visit thi s poge Jlso vis it:
Writ e a t(....,.j,,w on
Amazoa corn ..

E-rnad a bend abou t thrs

sit a

• . •.• ·J'~·.. ~· •:;::J ,~, (.:~ • Sito info , ~

Ouiek Pic~
P1esli1e nt.kl emlin .... • Lil huflnltl '.'! ~.·: ut=• ., • Sit? tnfo :~:

• C:abine l of Mini ~~ t~•s of Ukr ·lin ·~ ~'\":,".\.' .~·"'''·~·J~ J •.~. Sit·~ info ot

• Gwern•JI P. om •:-:-.-. .: ..,~ :~". ' 1r: • Site- inf•) :;;;:•

... r::rt\'Prnm"nr 11r.·.: ~lr ,,., ...... \ '' · .,.,,,.,,, ::" f" ... 11. ~.to infn ==

The Alexa database contains site statistics, contact information, similar pages, and
more.

What is Alexa? Many things, but most interesting and useful

is Alexa's Site Information:

"Alexa has built an unparalleled database of information about

sites that includes statistics, related links and more. All of this
information can be found on Alexa's Site Overview pages,
Traffic Detail pages and Related Links pages. To access these
pages, simply type the URL of any site into the Alexa Search
box."

Alexa Site Information, http://www.alexa .com/site/company

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~<Jlfind,r' s URLinfo ~np:/twww. dume.gov. ru deer~ 1) Abc·ut fJ:I\.Linf.)

~~~~

GJJeo 5em3JlbC <!ala extractor fvt .. Search IWl!!

Trt~vel Back in Timer Site Slats hw gov .ru:

~' T f.. !II f f .\ • f'" tl 1 V J
• Traffic Rank for gov.ru : s8,J71 ( '*'852)
• Speed: Very Fast (95% of sites are slower), Avg Load Time: .4 Seconds l,wh~t'<; thi!'?)
Use the Wayback • Other sites th,at link to this site : 172
Machine to see ~ow • Online Since : 10-Jul-1997
rocyJl ap'=lA~ I-tHa~ flyt-ta
lt'Elll19p.3!lbHOm Cof.paHI-1~ ~ See Traffic Detail. ..
~:.occv:iicKc.:.i \l>eJ.tepa . .
loi"Jh?d 111 the past.
Contact J.nfo to r gov.nr:

RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT INTERNET NETWORK (RGIN)

Track Your Website +7 095 2062863, Fa x: +7 095 2067355
Statistics! webadmin@duma. gov. ru
The r.. ew HitsLink tra~s even .
more: live data on vour
vi~itors, with lldv anc&d
keywor d analy sis
Us,er Rev iews for gov.ru
eHITBLINK
Be the f1rst per son to v.:nte a re·.de·.f; of th'1s site on Amazon.com!

Look for similar sites by category:

• World/ Pussi.3r, I Crp-3Hb! 11 pgn..,c•Hbl I Espon.3 i Pot:CI1=! i rocytV3pcreo / 3<:KGHOAare.noH.35l E~JLac r o i
roc:vAapcTEn?H~.;~;; ,llyMa
• 'Norld / Pussian ! CrpaHb! 11 peri-10Hbl I Eepon.:; / Pocc11~ i rocy,D.apc. TEaO

Let's look at a different uri for the SurfWax results. What you are seeing are
"SurfWax SiteSnaps rM, [which] count the number of links, images, words, and forms
on a page, shows the meta description tag, and extracts 'key points' and
'FocusWords."' This is a very useful way to analyze a website without actually
visiting it, though the amount of information is considerably less for some sites than
others, cf., www.fateh. net.
view page deer ~

SurfWax Site Snaps Tt./1 (p~l•nl ptndi n 9) 1.!:!.!.!.2.1

t~;~t1 o na 1 LJI:Im1y of Australia
!!!.!P.J!.Y!.~'Wi. r!!i!.~4~~
Lmk ~ . 32 • lm;,ges :0 • VVo;ds. 333 • f tJrm s· 0
AIJthor Summary
Our collections and semces underpin Australian cultural hfe and inlellectual purs u1ts. We are the preeminent source for the documentary record of Australia and its place in
the world. This site provides access to our catilogue and links to ot her information resources . detail s of our collections and services, upcom in g events at the Library; the NLA
Shop and mformation on our mitiatives in the freld or information management
Site's FocusWords
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The next tab is a link to Stumble Upon, a collaborative bookmarking service. If

people who belong to the service have recommended a site, Stumble Upon will
show who they are, any comments, the category it is in, and the page size. The tab
for ?Search brings up some interesting results, including the website's traffic ranking
(how many people visit it), number of links to the site, link popularity, language, area
of service, contact information, Open Directory category, and "TrustGauge."
TrustGauge is a commercial program that measures how "trustworthy" a site is in
terms of such things as the amount and quality of contact information, secure billing,
third party validations (e.g., Truste seal), and what people think of the site.

" Al·out TJP~ini·:·

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TrustGauge Domain Info for ··rareh.net'

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Close

The remainder of the General tab links are:

metaEUREKA
meta EUREKA shows information about the page (last modified date, page size),
meta information (description, keywords, author), web server information, and the
number of backlinks
Furl
Furl is a collaborative bookmarking system. This tool allows you to see the
comments others have written about a webpage.
Del .icio .us
Del.icio.us is a collaborative bookmarking system. This tool allows you to see the
comments others have written about a webpage.

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Gibeo
- -
Gibeo allows anyone to annotate any part of a web page, and others can
comment on the annotation. Gibeo requires registration .
Semantic data extractor
The Semantic data extractor finds information about a page (metadata, page
outline) by looking at its HTML code.
The next tab is for Links. This is pretty straightforward. The first two links are to
Yahoo, the first for the link: command (links to a specific page) and the second for
the Yahoo Site Explorer or alternately linkdomain: command (links to a website). The
next is the Live Search (MSN) link: search, and then the Google link: command,
which no longer shows all links as it once did. Gigablast does not show all links to a
page, either.

The links from blogs is a very useful service because it lets you check to see if a
website is mentioned in a number of weblogs very quickly (I expect Technorati to
give the best results).

Bloqpulse
lntelliseek's Blog search (was not working when I tried it)
Bloqlines
Backlinks from blogs known to Bloglines, an online RSS/Atom aggregator.
Blogdex is defunct.
Technorati
Backlinks from blogs known to the Technorati blog indexer. Each result is shown
with an extract containing the link.
Feedster
Backlinks from blogs known to the Feedster RSS/Atom search engine.
BloqDiqqer
Backlinks from blogs known to the BlogDigger RSS/Atom search engine.
Waypath
Backlinks from blogs, known to the Waypath blog indexer, each is listed with the
date that the link was first seen and an extract from the page Unlike some other
backlinks tools, Waypath lists the permalinks rather than blog home pages .
Daypop
Backlinks from blogs and news websites known to the Daypop search engine.
Slog Rolling
BlogRolling is a service for bloggers to include blogrolls (lists of blogs) on their
own blogs. This shows what users include the given site on their blogroll.

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Popdex
Backlinks from blogs (as well as the date of linkage) known to the Popdex blog
indexer.
The Similar tab is not entirely self-explanatory. Alexa, UCmore, Furl, and Google all
try to show related or similar websites, though not in the same way. Alexa shows
'people who visit this page also visit .. .'; UCmore clusters related pages by topic;
Furl is a collaborative bookmarking tool, so it only shows pages bookmarked by the
same person (of dubious use); and Google's related pages is, in Fagan's and my
opinion, of poor quality. Google News will show related news articles, but only if the
original article has been indexed by Google News. The Waypath tool looks for blog
entries about a website, and Waypath is showing no links to http://www.google.com
and two hits on http://www.microsoft.com. There is obviously a problem with this
specific search.

The Cache tab is much more useful at this time. Fagan has done us all the great
service of bringing the search tools that cache webpages together so they can be
searched from one convenient interface. Also, URLinfo makes it possible to see
Google's cached pages without images, style sheets, or forms with Google
(plain). Openfind is an Asian search engine and does not yet have an English
version. I was unable to figure out how their caching works because of the language
barrier. For news and blogs Daypop caches each page it crawls. "Its cache is often
the most up-to-date copy of the page, and it shows the exact time that the copy was
made."

Here's the low-down on the other general cache tools at Fagan Finder:

Internet Archive
The Internet Archive has been crawling the web and caching pages since 1996.
The Wayback Machine allows you to view the copies made during any of those
crawls, and also to compare any two versions of the same page.
Gooqle
When Google crawls the web, it stores a copy of each web page. This is the
most recent copy. This can also be used as a means of viewing some non-HTML
files converted to HTML.
Gooqle (plain)
Google's stripped cache, with images, styles (style sheets), and forms removed.
Giqablast
Gigablast does not provide direct access to its cache. You must follow the link
labeled [archived copy]. Gigablast's cache shows the date on which the copy
was made.

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Openfind
Openfind is an Asian search engine; their English version is under construction.
Spurl
Spurl is a collaborative online bookmarking tool. Whenever someone using Spurl
bookmarks a page, a cached copy is stored. So Spurl may contain many different
copies of the same page on different dates and times, which can be accessed
from a selection box at the top of any Spurl cached page.
lncyWincy
This is the cached version of a web page from when it was last crawled by
lncyWincy. That date is shown at the top of the page.
Scrub The Web
Cached version of the page from the Scrub The web search engine.
Ay-Up
Cached version of the page from the Ay-Up search engine.
Objects Search
Cached version of the page from the Objects Search engine. Objects Search has
a small index, so don't expected every page to be cached. After using this tool,
follow the link below the page you want labeled 'cached.'
Search Spider
This is the cached version of a web page from when it was last crawled by
SearchSpider. Most pages appear to have been last cached during July 2003.
The Search section is pretty much self-explanatory, except that MSN searches Live
and Teoma searches Ask. Fagan explains the Blogs/Feeds tab very well for those
who are interested in searching weblogs and RSS or Atom news feeds. The
Translate tab simply sends your request to Fagan Finder's superb Translation
Wizard discussed in the online dictionary and translators' section. The Track and
Post tabs are in general not going to be useful for most of you in your work
environment. The Develop tab offers an excellent selection of web authoring
resources such as validation, editing, spelling, cacheability, and keyword analysis
tools. One tool users may not recognize and which could prove quite useful is
Traffic from Alexa. Here's Fagan's description:

'Shows a (logarithmic) graph of a website's (not a web page) popularity over

time, as determined by Alexa. Alexa gathers this data from users of their toolbar.
The six-month graph is shown by default. You can also use this tool to compare
the popularity of a second website. Also shown are popular subdomains, reach
per million users, average page views per user, etc.'
I find the graphic representation is so much clearer than the results from a tool such
as Google PageRank (which is not a Google product, by the way). Traffic also lets

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users compare two sites and shows you "Where do people go" on the site. It's a gold
mine of data about the sites in Alexa's top 100,000; unfortunately, most of the sites I
wanted to research were not in that top group, so no statistics were available when a
site fell below the 100,000 threshold.

In case the Google PageRank tool confuses you, it normally requires users to
download and install the Google Toolbar. However, you can access the Google
PageRank option from URLinfo without the Google Toolbar. The results look rather
mysterious, but the PageRank is there. In the following example, AOL's home page
has a page rank of 8 (where 10 is the highest. .. and Google gets a 10 ranking, by the
way):

http://www .aol.com

PR Toolbar: 9

PR Actual: 9

Finally, under Mise you'll find the tools that didn't quite fit anywhere else. One word
of caution about BugMeNot: this is a service for sharing login information for
websites that require user registration and, as such, its ethics is questionable. I do
not recommend using it. It may also violate organizational Internet usage rules.

I think URLinfo will prove to be a very useful if not indispensable tool for researchers,
but I also think the key to using it effectively is not using every bell and whistle.

Fagan Finder's URLinfo beta http://www .faqanfinder .com/uri info/

-------------------------------------------------------------
Wikipedia

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/
The 2007 edition is the first to include a separate section on and discussion of
Wikipedia and the entire "wiki" phenomenon. The extraordinary growth and success
of Wikipedia demand recognition and comment. Although the numbers change
constantly, in mid-2006, Wikipedia sites were the twelfth most visited Internet sites
71
among US properties, up over 300 percent from the 'previous year. On March 1,
2006, Wikipedia reached one million articles, and "the site receives as many as

71
Safa Rashtchy, et al., "Silk Road: Solid Search Results Could Boost the Sector," PiperJaffray
Industry Note, 10 July 2006, available at John Battelle's Searchblog,
<http://battellemedia.com/archives/Rashtchy%20-%20Silk%20Road%20071 0 .pdf:> [PDF] ( 14
November 2006).

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fourteen thousand hits per second." 72 Just what is the Wikipedia itself and the wiki
concept in general that have led to a level of success that is nothing short of
astounding? For an excellent overview, I turn to my colleague Diane White's article
from an internal publication many of you read, The WorthWhile Web. In the May
2006 edition, Diane wrote:

"In true Ouroborosian fashion, the Wikipedia defines itself as a 'multilingual Web-
based free-content encyclopedia ... written collaboratively by volunteers, allowing
most articles to be changed by anyone with access to a web browser and an Internet
connection.' It exists as a wiki, which again Wikipedia self-defines as 'a type of
website that allows anyone visiting the site to add, remove or otherwise edit all
content very quickly and easily, often without the need for registration.' Truly
collaboration to the extreme, wikis are the latest trend in open-ended community
involvement and public debate. But it also conjures fears of authority and validity run
amok, and general mischief and vandalism. Wikis are popping up everywhere; but
just what are they, and how did they become so ubiquitous? More to the point, can
they be trusted, or are they just the work of a few people with big egos and lots of
time? ... The term wiki is a shortened form of the Hawaiian language term wiki wiki,
which is commonly used as an adjective to denote something quick or fast. It is also
sometimes interpreted as the backronym for What I Know Is. The invention of the
wiki is credited to Ward Cunningham, author of the book, The Wiki Way (Addison-
Wesley Longman, March 2001, ISBN 0-201-71499-X). The first wiki, WikiWikiWeb,
was created in 1994 and installed on the web by Cunningham in 1995. 73

"Once begun, almost anyone can edit a wiki, often without actually registering to do
so. Wikis can be on any subject, on every subject, and in multiple languages. The
most famous wiki, Wikipedia, was begun in 2001, initially as part of a broader, peer-
reviewed project and later as a stand-alone, 'neutral point of view' product. Guided
from the beginning by Larry Sanger and Jimmy Wales, today it is available in over
100 languages, with over 1 million articles in the English edition alone ...

"Questions of Validity and Reliability

"But can Wikis be trusted? From almost the beginning, people have questioned the
wiki's seemingly radical departure from traditional methods of scholarship; that is,
the use of a community of interested parties instead of the work of appointed
experts. In the December 2005 issue of Nature, there began a major debate over
which site was more 'right,' Wikipedia or the fee-based ($85/year) Britannica Online;
with the conclusion being that 'Wikipedia comes close to Britannica in terms of the

72
Stacy Shiff, "Can Wikipedia Conquer Expertise?" The New Yorker, 24 July 2006,
<http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa fact> (14 November 2006).
73
"Wikipedia," Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia > (23
August 2006).

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accuracy of its science entries.' 74 From there it has escalated, with refutations and
calls for retraction from Encylopaedia Britannica and heated responses from Nature.
Wikipedia itself has steered clear of this particular fray; however, it does attempt to
respond to criticism and has a page on its site for common criticisms. It also
addresses issues such as copyright, vandalism, and authorship.

"So what's the bottom line? The same as it's always been. When performing
thorough research, be it Internet-based or otherwise, the onus is always on the
researcher to check sources, validity, and authority. The speed and relative ease at
which changes can be made to a wiki, while good for consensus correction and
corroboration, are not so good for measured and thoughtful debate. A number of
articles in Wikipedia are sourced, but many are not, and just because it's on the
Internet, does not mean it is true. In addition, merely because it's free does not
mean Wikipedia is more suspect and Britannica is more reliable. There is an
argument to be made for being so passionate qbout a topic that you feel the need to
share that passion with the world. But one man's passion is also another's conceit.
There is a counter to every argument, a rebuttal to every claim.

"Like it or not, wikis and wiki behaviors have entered the mainstream, just like blogs
and MySpace and the iPod. Love it or hate it, if you are involved in open source
research you need to know about wikis." 75

The Wikipedia Itself: The Good, the Bad, and the Dubious
As Diane White clearly indicates, there are many, many wikis now available on the
Internet, and their numbers continue to increase at present. I want to focus on
Wikipedia itself because it remains the center of the wiki universe and thus far
shows no signs of decline. Many Wikipedia critics mourn the decline of traditional
encyclopedias because they are thinking of an encyclopedia such as Britannica in its
current form, that is, "the most authoritative source of ... information and ideas," the
"definitive source of knowledge." 76 According to Tom Panelas, Britannica's Director
of Corporate Communications, "We can't cover as many things as they [Wikipedia]
do but we wouldn't even try to. What they do is very different from what we do. We
don't have an article on extreme ironing, and we shouldn't." 77

74
Jim Giles, "Internet Encyclopaedias Go Head to Head," Nature, 14 December 2005 (last updated
28 March 2006), <http://www.nature.com/news/2005/051212/full/438900a .html> (14 November
2006).
75
Diane White, "Wikis and the Wikipedia," The WorthWhile Web, May 2006,
<http ://www.fggm.osis.gov/Worthwh ile/archive/20060501 .html>.
76
Paula Berinstein, "Wikipedia and Britannica: The Kids Are All Right (And So's the Old Man),"
Information Today, March 2006, <http://www.infotoday.com/searcher/mar06/berinstein .shtml> (11
September 2006).
77
Berinstein.

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However, Britannica today (and by extension any other encyclopedia) is very

different from Britannicas of the past. In thinking about this controversy, I was
reminded of a passage in The Fatal Shore, Robert Hughes' masterpiece about the
founding of modern Australia. Hughes writes about one transported convict, Thomas
Palmer, who finished his sentence and went into business with his close friend John
78
Boston. Neither man had much business experience, "but they possessed a
singular advantage: the only encyclopedia in the colony. With it, they taught
themselves to make beer. Then they learned how to make soap. Next they looked
up 'ship' and, after some trial and error, contrived to build a somewhat cranky but
9
adequate small vessel for trading stores to Norfolk Island." [emphasis addedf Their
lone encyclopedia probably made it possible for these men not merely to survive but
to thrive in this perilous new world.

The modern encyclopedia is very different from the encyclopedias of earlier

centuries, which bear rather more resemblance to the Wikipedia than to the current
Britannica in that the older encyclopedias were not only "sources of knowledge" but
also "practical" how-to guides and almanacs. In other ways, however, encyclopedias
are and always were quite different from the Wikipedia. They have always relied
upon paid experts whose work is reviewed and edited. And they have always been
for-profit enterprises.

Wikipedia relies a/most entirely upon individual users to create, edit, maintain, and
often argue about its entries. It is free and carries no advertising; it is a nonprofit and
has a tiny staff.

~ For practical purposes, Wikipedia has no physical limits: it could conceivably

continue to expand indefinitely, something no print encyclopedia could ever
do.

~ Its content is "open," that is, almost any topic can be included; traditional
encyclopedias generally do not include "how-to" instructions ("How to draw a
diagram with Microsoft Word"), new or transient popular culture ("24: The TV
Series"), or breaking stories ("Jon Benet Ramsey").

~ Wikipedia's heavy emphasis on current events and popular culture bespeak a

prejudice of the present at the expense of the important: it favors the
fashionable over the important.

78
1n what must be one of the most profound examples of friendship since Damon and Pythias, Boston
actually traveled voluntarily with his wife to New South Wales to "keep Palmer company." Anyone
who has read about a sea voyage from England to Australia at that time knows the trip in and of itself
was a major sacrifice. Robert Hughes, The Fatal Shore (New York: Vintage Books, 1988), 180.
79
Hughes, 180.

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>- Wikipedias are available in 229 languages. These are not always just
translations of the English language Wikipedia but often contain their own
content.

>- Wikipedia's eight-word self-description-"neutral and unbiased compilation of

previously written, verifiable facts"-usually keeps out articles about "my
funniest dreams and what they mean" (no original "research" allowed), but
firefights over controversial topics and outright vandalism occur on a regular
basis.

>- In 2006 comedian Steven Colbert's amusing rant against "wikiality" and
"truthiness," i.e., that reality and truth are what the most people say they are.
and his charge to his viewers to change a Wikipedia article on African
elephants caused the entire site to go down temporarily. His point is well
taken: if enough Wikipedians agree that the earth is flat, then the Wikipedia
will reflect that "wikiality." While that is an absurd example, people vehemently
(and often violently) disagree over the most basic topics (try to think of
anything that isn't controversial).

);> Wikipedia "does not favor the Ph.D. over the well-read fifteen year old." 80
While the democratization of knowledge and information has a certain appeal,
the fact that Wikipedia pages dealing with policies, rules, administration,
coordination, and other metadata now comprise thirty percent of Wikipedia
indicates that the free-for-all nature of Wikipedia is giving ground to the harsh
reality of the need for "crowd control." There is a fine line between democracy
and mob rule.

);> There is no "weighting" of the relative significance of any topic: compare the
Wikipedia entries on the Beatles v. Boethius. Judged by sheer quantity,
articles on popular culture far exceed those of traditional scholarly topics.
Given its potentially limitless size, this may not be a drawback, but if
everything from 'The Simpsons" to "The Nicomachean Ethics" is on an equal
footing, then aren't we back to the Colbert criticism that all objective
standards are obliterated?

);> Diane White correctly identified Wikipedia's "ouroborosian" nature: it is fiercely

self-referential in that all the works cited in this creature of the Internet are
also on the Internet.

);> Some critics maintain that emergent enterprises such as Wikipedia reflect an
"online collectivism" that lead to a kind of group think and produce poor
quality results that both appeal to and are a product of the lowest common

80
Shiff, "Can Wikipedia Conquer Expertise?"

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denominator. For more on this topic, read Jaron Lanier's now famous think
piece "Digital Maoism" and the many responses to it on Edge.org. 81

);> Finally, Wikipedia has no editorial quality review. Traditional encyclopedias do

not guarantee zero mistakes; what they do promise are "strong scholarship,
sound judgment, and disciplined editorial review." 82

All this being said, nothing is going to stop people from using Wikipedia as a
reference, in many cases, their primary source for information. Some search
engines-for example, Ask-now proudly display Wikip~dia responses at the top of
the results list. Most will return Wikipedia links near the top. The best advice I can
give you vis-a-vis Wikipedia and related community generated resources is as
follows:

);> Use multiple sources: Do not as a rule rely on Wikipedia as your sole
reference or source of information. Any Wikipedia entry that is not well
sourced should raise a red flag.

);> Trust but Verify: Look for verification of Wikipedia information from sources
such as traditional references that have been through editorial review:
encyclopedias, dictionaries, scholarly (peer-reviewed) publications, university
websites, books, etc.

);> Follow those links: The best thing about Wikipedia in my opinion are the
external links from entries; with the virtual demise of web directories,
Wikipedia fills that void by supplying excellent links to what are often the best
websites on a topic.

);> Be skeptical : The more controversial the topic, the more skepticism you need
to apply to the Wikipedia entry. For example, the article "Asteroid" is quite well
done, but there isn't quite the controversy about that topic that there is about,
say, Hezbollah, an article that was locked because of vandalism.

Wikipedia has an internal search option, but as any Wikipedia user knows, it is not
the best way to search Wikipedia. First, unlike virtually every search engine on the
web, its default is OR not AND, meaning it searches for ANY of the terms you enter.
To search Wikipedia content you are better off using a separate search engine,
either one of the major search engines or a specialty search tool designed to search
Wikipedia.

81
Jaron Lanier, "Digital Maoism," Edge.org, June 2006,
<http:l/www.edge.org/3rd culture/lanier06/lanier06 index .html> (14 November 2006).
82
"Britannica Rips Nature Magazine on Accuracy Study," Encyclopedia Britannica Corporate
Website, 24 March 2006, <http://corporate.britannica .com/press/releases/nature .html> (14 November
2006).

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How to Check Links from Wikipedia

Wikipedia has a special page that lets users easily check to see which Wikipedia
pages have links to a specific webpage. It even includes a wildcard function . Here's
how it works. You can search for a specific link or a very general one. Here are
examples of both, starting with a general search using a wildcard [*.nasa.gov]:
~ "'''·'"'' "' "' "'~ •· o '"'""' ~"''

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7.~ h' tp ~~~!I : J! .: 0 ; ~3 r ':rl:.-, ;::c. r:.'.~::ln::lw: ~ -:l/).l.:)_?..ft4'~ ' hrmf~J tJn~· ed from lmftf)e LV] ~ rrr·: ~rp ?SGpiXJPO
25 h'l !• ,·it~t!:: :t ~ c ,u : i .: ~d'"l"l:"l .'i : Jtl.:..tr c•luo' : ~ 1 , •:;e)-!J.: 37 L M:ml fr linked fflJm Ea1th flag
20 l:~l u !~ --t\ 1.- .1. ·. · :~,s; .~ .,;_·.:;J.. ~·.:~ ..;~: . .!. . ~ t rL' t.i-J ....~..,: (:.S9-CM.Ji ~ ,:;:: ! t9 1inke-d fram E~rt h fiaQ

Search Web Links at Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speciai%3Alinksearch

There are literally hundreds of results for this query. However, you can limit your
search to a specific page [leonid.arc.nasa.gov/meteor.html], which in this case
returns one result:

208 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFIGIAL t:JSE otiLY

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You can support Wiklpedia and the Wikimedia Foundah·o:

Search \Veb links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

navigation A wildcard may be used, at the start of the name only, for example "*.wikipedia.org".
a

a
Mam Page
Commwlity Portal
!leonid arc. nasa gov/meteor. html Search I
a Featured content Showing below up to 1 results starting wtth #1.
a Current events View (previous 50) (next 50) (20 I 50 11 OIJ I 250 I 500).
o Rec en! changes
1. http:l.lleorud 'J-c.nasa. gov.lmettor ht:ml ~linked from Leonids
a Random article
a Help V1ew (previous 50) (next 50) (20 I 50 I 100 I 250 I 500).

This is a very useful tool if you need to find out what pages in Wikipedia link to a
specific site. Be sure to follow these basic rules for using this feature:

1. a full domain name, e.g., [www.nasa.gov] (this will only find links to this
specific domain) OR

2. a partial domain name with a wildcard, e.g., [*.nasa.gov] (this will find links to
any site at nasa.gov, such as ase.arc.nasa.gov) OR

3. a full domain name plus directory and/or webpage, e.g.,

[leonid.arc.nasa.gov/meteor.html] (this will find links only to this specific
webpage)

Some Wikipedias other than the English language version have a similar page. For
example, the German language Wikipedia link search page is:
<http://de. wiki pedia .orq/wiki/Spezial: Linksearch>.

If you use the English Wikipedia link below and substitute the appropriate language
digraph for the "en," you can find these non-English language link search pages.
See this page <http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List of Wikipedias> for all the
Wikipedias and the appropriate digraph.

Search English Wikipedia Web Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speciai%3Alinksearch
Wiki Search Engines
FUTEF (Beta) http://futef.com/
FUTEF, which uses is own proprietary search engine, provides both a list of
relevant articles but also a list of related categories that can be used to further
refine a search. FUTEF handles non-Latin searches, something not every
Wikipedia search engine can do. Try a search on LIJUPVfl and you will see that
FUTEF finds this term in the English language Wikipedia.

UNCLASSIFIEDi'i'liO!it OliFieiAL tiSE ONLY 209

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Qwika http://www.qwika.com/
Qwika indexes English, German, French, Japanese, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese,
Spanish, Greek, Korean, Chinese and Russian wikis; the original content is
combined with machine translated content to/from English. However, when
searching for a non-Latin term Qwika will only find that term in the international
Wikipedia not the English language Wikipedia even if it is, e.g., LIJUPVIl.
LuMriX http://wiki.lumrix.net/
LuMirX uses AJAX technology and searches English, German, Japanese,
French, Polish, Italian, Swedish, Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Danish, Spanish,
Finnish, Norwegian, Hungarian, Turkish, and Chinese Wikipedias. However,
when searching for a non-Latin term LuMriX will only find that term in the
international Wikipedia not the EnGlish language Wikipedia even if it is there, e.g.,
c;e~me.

Clusty's Wikipedia Search (English only) http://wiki .clusty. com/

One of the best Wikipedia search engines, Clusty not only searches the
Wikipedia, it clusters the results into easy to understand categories that make it
possible to zero in on the appropriate subtopic. Its main drawback is that the
search is limited to the English-language Wikipedia.

Cbutv. IJJj: ITepics :.:J Top 200 results of at least 5G8 retrieved for lhe query phll.uch (Details-)

All Results (200)

1. Plutarch l'l ""'
Po• ,,iJel lives (36) Mestrlus Plularchus (cz §-ca. post 127) was a Greek historian. biographer, and essayist. Born in

U]
1
the small town of Chaeronea, in the Greek region known as Boeotia, probably during the reign of the
Cl.lllllhiS (1)
~ · Roman Emperor Clcmdius, Plutarch !ravelled widely in the M~nean world, including twice to
Alexan~•• (25) '...!6 Rome. He had a number of influential Roman friends, including Soscius Senecio and FuncJ~~. both
·. ~.--~ ·---· ·- rmpor1anl Senators, to whom some of his la1er writings were dedicated. He lived most of his life at
Lene1. Mn1.1llft (5)
Chaeronea. and was initiated into I he mysteries of the Greek god~- However his duties as the
Pl111.11 ch c1.1te1 (3) senior of the two priests of Apollo at the Qpacle of Delphi (where he was responsible for interpreting the auguries of
the Pythia or priestess/oracle) apparently occupied little of his time- he led a most active social and civic life and
Clcehl (11)
produced an incredible body of writings. much of which is still extant.
SU•ll11lll (12) ~n.-:Vil!rnr.dra org;"'\lo:"ll<.iJPtLrt8rc/l

Num.1 Pout~~iliu~(10)
2. Plutarch of Eretria {'I "·
Meoe. Expl.>lns (5) Plutarch (in Greek n.\ouTapxo~. lived 4th century BC) was a !:i@!!! of Erelria in EuboP.a. Whether he was the
immediate successor of Thernison. and also whether he was m any way connected with him by blood, are paints
Pouwey. M"1cus (6)
which we have no means of ascertaining. Trusting perhaps to the influence of his friend Meidias, he applied to the
more 1 all clusters Athenians in 354 BC for aid against his rrval, Callras ofChalcis, who had allied himselrVYith Phrhp ofrvlacedon. The
application was granted in spite of the resistance of O!!moslhene5, and the command or the expedition was entrusted
to Phocion, who defealed Callias at Tamynae in 350 BC. But the conduct of Plutarch in th9 baUie had placed the
Athenians in great jeopardy. and though it may have been nothing more lhan rashness. Phocion would seem to have
regarded it as \Jeac.hery, fOJ he thenceforth trealed P1U\arch as an enemy anti expelled him from Ere\ ria.
en ""111-IP,Ed,~ mg..\4-JY.IJ?:ui<H=:h_c:f_Er•J'Jr:..

1 Plutarch (crater) e >,.

Plut.1rch rs a lunar impact crater that lies near the north-northeastern limb of the Moon, Just to the south of the
inegular Seneca crCiller To the southeast is the flooded Cannan crater. The proximi-ty of this crater to the limb causes
it to appear foreshortened when viewed from the Ear1h, but it is actually a circular formation.
r!n ·..:..-:l...q.'tPC:irt r::r:)iV\.'iJ.i.l,:::~haar::h_Ccrail?r)

• Parallel Lives ~ :!:

Plutolrc.h 's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a set1es of biographres of famous men, arranged rn tandem to
rllumrnate their common moral virtues or . hved.As he explains in the firsl paragraph of h1s Life or Alexander ,
Plut.uch was not concerned with writing histories. as such. but in exploring lhe rnfluence . the historic figures, !here
are also links to several on-line ~rsions of Pluli:uch's Lives, see also WOthe' links" section below 0 Dryden is
famous (or ..

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Wikiseek http://wikiseek.com/
Launched in early 2007, Wikiseek was created with the assistance of Wikipedia,
although it is not a part of Wikipedia. "The contents of Wikiseek are restricted to
Wikipedia pages and only those sites which are referenced within Wikipedia,
making it an authoritative source of information less subject to spam and SEQ
schemes. Wikiseek utilizes Searchme's category refinement technology,
providing suggested search refinements based on user tagging and
categorization within Wikipedia, making results more relevant than conventional
search engines." <http://www.wikiseek .com/> Wikiseek uses AJAX technology to
create changing "tag clouds" of possible terms as you type.
This is a good way to find articles within English language Wikipedia and to
search sites referenced in Wikipedia, but it is by no means a substitute for a
general search engine. Results from Wikipedia are identified by the W icon. The
tag cloud that appears at the top of each successful search is designed to show
related categories to help users either narrow or broaden a search. Keep in mind
these are user-generated tags, so many of them, e.g., "Japanese terms," do not
correspond to Wikipedia categories.
Wikiseek"l t~~nami --····-
~ b--:·Hcr w;,\' lC' seMch W:lo. tpe>d ia ,;-s.e.ar.,d)ijl_~~-. 1

1-·· ,; . ,.. ,
I Di sas ters [ "• Ill·, Hi sto ry of Southeast Asia i·JJ1c:·•''' '·""·'" '!'"""";,,,"·'.'' ,.,, ,,,,;~t,o:ordc-
!
1 "L'c:..·i.Y.2.·.:.soo·:.,_, Ts un ap1 i ·:l= :::::.£ili>:_:

All Results t • 10 of ~ b out 3,389 fo r tsunami (0.01 seco nds)

W Tsuna mi Spon sored u nks

For other meanings of tsunaml,see tsunami (disambiguation) . .. A tsunami {pronounced or ) is a
S U r:)IU~ M1l1t~r yTents
sanes of waves created when a body of water, such as an ocean is rapidly displa ce d on a massive
Ov er 2, 500 Te nts In Stock us Mil. Surplus
scale. S. Reli ef Goods
e.1.wH !t.:=edra.org/ vT·ikr;Tsunam: - ... , ,;= -•rt ., 1.. :§! "NW\/./,<EJI(f:)'l l::rril <;. .Ct:.ll71

\~· T5un ami v.: arT!lll •:l 5-yslern Fun Ar.tiVIty Pnt<h ("S
This give s t ime for a possible tsunami forecast to be made and warnino s t o be issued to th reat ened Tsun ami Re lief Patch In Stock and read y
t o ship .
areas, if warranted . .. A tsunami warning system is a system to detect tsunami s and 1ssue warn1nos t o
w~w . adv~ncageembl~m . con~
prevent loss of life and prooertv.
t>rLw• k·peGJ a. orgjvnk:/T.:::L:nam•_warn•no_::y._,- ·~\~ t <-r_, ~.:,@ Ts•J nMli Relid
i.1eCilcaiReiliifior Tsunami Victims sss
Tsunami F1=:turt;'s - Tsundmls.cc•rn - Tsunami F-kture-s. Wise GivinQ Aflia nce
Tsunami E-mail and Web s•te Scams ..,Tsunl!lmi Charities Information ... Tsunami Ne w s \'tiWW .I Tl~P-l\1.1]

... HOME & .. .Mi ssing Pe ople ... Prayer and Reflection Room
News In Pl t:~ urE-£
-~o~v: "<AI .t5Ur"JZHTH5 .::o m/t~L •n .J ml - p1ctur e~ .htm t
The last unidentified v1ctims at the boxino
day Tsunami laid t o rest
_D!UIIdrrli B_ornb :: wv-·v-1 .thefi r stp;:.st.~:c .uk
He w1 ns the aw ard for our lonoest-wo rkin g emDioyee 1 clo cking in at almost exactly 3 vearsl We are
YB P/ sad to see t he 5th member of Tsunl!lmi Bomb QO, and hop e he'll be happy in the r eal world. T SiJnc.n·d Vct1rn-:;
v. v~· -l.t$=J!I·3'""1":Jbo mb.com Article in Business Week Read it online.
Free Trial I
Tsunami Bomb Lynes -Nww .veep/1-"ledi-:..rom

Tsunami Bomb- ...... Home:> T:> Tsunami Bomb Lyrics ...Tsunami Bomb Lyrics ... News ... Contact u s \/151t 'Ncs tt rn U.JJ!.?.=
• Ty..Q_-'3~
... Re quest ... We Like ... Search fo r: Help recent d1sa st er victim s. Find aut haw
V..·\'!~ .l ync.:"Lsearr:-h .~7i:"m /drtlst6933 _ 0_0 .hr:mi to se nd money online.

i'1Q~_lsJJ.1.1 .~1)]] ... :.Tt1.."_I~l!'!~r!•L:;:!..::-•~

Tsunami is a set of ocean wav es ca used by any larQe, abrupt disturbance of the sea-surface ....Th e
rho: ·: ~r)m l ntJ 'Norld \t\-'ar
Fin d out wh at Nostrad amus says about
T'iunami Sta rv ... Click t o sse an animation of a tsunami generated by an earthquake.
th e yea rs 2007-20 12.
•.-vw ,.1 .t-;;m.:Jml.nO.:!I.:J .lfOV i t:<::u n.nrru_st ory .htrr.l ='Jo:;tr.a ddrr•usOr.llne .c...:.•r•1

The drawbacks to Wikiseek are that it only searches the English language
version of Wikipedia and it cannot parse non-Latin languages. It touts itself as
an "authoritative source of information less subject to spam and SEQ schemes,"

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but a search for [viagra] will quickly prove it is no better (in fact worse) than the
major search engines in filtering spam. There are no preferences to change the
number of results, for example, or to limit the search only to Wikipedia or only to
links, but since Wikiseek is still in Beta, these features may appear later.
Wikiseek also offers a Firefox plug-in to add Wikiseek to the Wikipedia search
form on all Wikipedia pages.

WikiWax http://www.wikiwax.com/
WikiWax also uses "Look Ahead" AJAX technology to show very extensive lists
of dynamically generated related terms. However, WikiWax cannot parse non-
Latin search terms, e.g., Ll. llJPVIl.

WikiWax ...
your quick index to Wikipedia
pluto
pluto

f>luto (g~dl
Pluto (manQa)
Pluto (mythology)
!Pluto (planet)
Pluto Bulsara 1 Farrokh
Pluto deb~te 1 The
Pluto Express
Pluto Junior
Pluto Kuiper Express
Pluto Nash 1 The Adventures of
PLUTO reactor
Pluto Saves the Shi p
Pluto Shervingto n
Pluto Water
Pluto. Aspects of
Pluto, Astronomy
luto, Breakfast on
luto , Destination
Pluto, Geology of
lI ii
luto, Jupiter, Neptune and
LUTO, Operation
luto, Planet
luto, Private
Pluto, Project
';
luto, Religion
Pluto 1 Sailor
Pl uto 1 Zoltan
Pluto's Kiss:
Pint•' m>nn

Using Search Engines to Search Wikipedia

Yahoo now includes Quick Links for any Wikipedia results. For example, a Yahoo
search for [internet] will return Wikipedia as result number eight and will include
"Quick Links" to specific Wikipedia articles on this topic:

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You can further restrict the search to Wikipedia by clicking on "More from this site,"
which is an excellent way to search Wikipedia using Yahoo:
········-····--~ ~· · ·- ··-·--··-···---~~···-·----··---- ---
Web ! [[O_?_q_~_§: ! B_q§:_g ~ ~~-':!_9iq i Qj£c-c.lory_ ~ LOC<![ ! Ne:~-~ j _;li'IQP..P..ing i MQ~-~--?.-:
1l'.h,aoo!.sEARCH linlern~t : ts9~lfh'IH
I ~~ P•eh!1enc.e':'
········ --·······---·--·-----·---··----·-··-······
Se3rch Results 1 - 10 01 flbiXJt 23.2,000 tor iJ.t!n.rutl· 0 05 sec. fAbour. thLt pt~~qe)

The lntemet (also known simply as the Net) can be briefly understood as ~a network of networks" Specifically, it is the
worldwide, publicly accessible network of ...
Quick Links: Cre.:!llon of the lntemet. Tc:day's lntemet- Internet protQ(Q]::;
sn·~ikipedi~_r)!!)f..'\o''kiilnletuet- ~~{~- g~-~~~-~-~? .. :it:~·::!.

2. Internet Expl0r'3r. W1kipedia

Encylopedia article about Internet EKplorer, Microsoft's web browser. Covers its history, features. component
architecture, common criticisms, and market share.
Cat ego ry: .; 7~~ 1~. .:.<~-~-:.~~ ...1.!.~.~-~~.!.~.:.~~.U.:~_~, ~:.1. :J.~~:.~ ..\.1.1.:.:.1
cn.v-iY.i!l~:>dio:f.vry/-.vlJitlfeln(!I_ .. E:Rplv~e!- ~\1 V.- (.~.~~:.-..U.~·~.:-i ~.::,_::~:. :·~

l Internet troll- W1kiped1a the free ~-clvLledis

In Internet terminology, a troll is someone who comes into an established community such as an online discussion
forum, and posts inflammatory, rude, repetitive or ...
Quick Links: E1y:n0loyy- Vn:ious cir..::les- Troll c.ullu!.ft
cn.v-·iV.if),.rJi,).vrg/'lotiki/lntc-lltel_.,!ruU- 37k- _j;~I.b.~.~~ $.:~··:.r~

4, HistOIV uf th8 Internet. WikipE·dia tl'le n·ee 81lCVd)Ll8dia

The history of the lntemet dates back to the early development of communication networks. The idea of a computer
network intec"~ded to allow general communication among ..
Quick Links: ~-~l9!~J.D.~...I.tJ.~~Ul~J- A. L~.~.~_Qf_l!).!.~~-D~J~:~.~.U~-9- TJ.lreg_tt:r:"!!.if.!:~J.~~..~D~...~.:J..ABP..6
8n.v.:il-:iperJia.uryfNikiiHis.tory_,)f_!ht:_lmeruet- S-1)i:- !~'?.~~!:::~) .. ;,;.:~~Y.~

You can also use the site: syntax to search just the Wikipedia (or Wikipedias, if you
like) in:

~ Yahoo http://search.yahoo.com/

~ Google http://www.google.com/

~ Ask http://www.ask.com/

~ Windows Live Search http://www.live.com/?searchonly=true

~ A9 http://a9.com/

~ Gigablast http://www.qigablast.com/

~ Exalead http://www.exalead.com/search

~ Clusty (site: and host: are interchangeable, but Clusty has a special Wikipedia
search option) http://clusty.com/

This is an especially useful option for non-Latin searches, such as [site:wikipedia.org

<;e~me], which returns results not only from the English and Turkish Wikipedias but
from the German and Serbian Wikipedias as well:

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Web i ~ ! Vid8n i A•Jdio ~ ~ 1 L o c. ~l i News I ~.!1 ! Moro2 ,.

Y.AHOOf<> SEARCH lsitewikipediaorg ~"9'!'" . . ___ _ ___ _ __ __: [s;~"QI

se~rth Results 1-100ofabout3t1 trom v<i<lp ed i a .orgfor<;!t~=-1£3sec

1. Cesme- Wikipedia, th.e free encyclopedia

~·~me is a town on the west coast ofTurkey and one of the districts of izmir Province. It is a prominent center of
international tourism in Turke y and is famous for .
Quick Links: ~~~2- ~~!_-:ornal links
(•n. wildpe1li;1.<~1 IJiwiki/(,e~ m e · ·lSi. - ~-:~~-~;.~:a.J - J::l.~.~E.~J!.!l.G:L~I_·.~:?... i:~.lJt:

2. ~e~me- W;klpedia, the rree .;,ncycl•:opecli8

lhca is a small village near ~e~rne (pronounced Tcheshme) , which is a district of izmir Province in ~e~rne Peninsula in
the extreme western tip ofTurkey.
Quick Links: Aeq ear. Je(lion or Turkey ge(•qraph·.: ZltJb£. District.; of izmir - i:mit
en . wikipecli.l.•H•Jiwik it1 1 %CI!%BI ~o._%C3%87e 'X) C5 %9 Fme • !3!. • ;~ :n:lu;; J- i-.:lerij !1urrt ri ,;s siu.:::

3. Cesme- Wikipedia- Tr'"''bt ·:· ,..,,,. ''''<:~

~e~me II isl ein F erienort elwa 100 Kilometer wesllich von izmir. Der Name "~ e~me", zu Deutsch "Brunnen". Ieite!
srch von dar grof.\en Zahl dieser ab .
Quick Links Qrlir:>_~_r__TQrl!_ej
•:i e. wiklp e!li~l.l)l ~1/wiki/%.(' .:P:c..f9 c··)·C-t:5%9F rne • !:i:k - ~:i.:.~ .'. !.~.~-~~- - ~"-~!.~.!.:::...!:~.·.::.~.~.~ ...!.!.:.i_~:; ...~::.~.l..t·~

4. Cezavirli Gazi Hasan Pasha- Wlkipedia tl1e free enC'vclopedia

Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha (1713-1790), (Hasan Pasha of Algiers) was an Ottoman grand vizier and a navy and army
commander of the late 1Bth century
Quick Links: Referg_nc.;s
er:.wikipe~li.l.tHfJiwikifCezayirli_Gazi_Hasan_P::;i s. ha - :t:k- (,: ~(.iWd · iYi •Jrr: r'rv nl th:~ ~ite

5. Cesme- Vikipedi
... anlam ayrrm sayfasr. ~e~me kavramrnrn farklr kullanrmlarrnr ... Retrieved from "http ://tr.wikipedia.orq
lwrkii%C3%B7e%C5%9Fme" Sayfa kategorisi: Anlam ayrrm .
tr.wildpetlit1.!H!JlYvikilt;e§m~- 10~- Ca(,h:;d- ivL:t? fr;J;~: u·,js ~~l ~

6. ~o~lehm.et Culurn- Wikib•edia, the free encyclopedia

Mehmel Culum is a contemporary Turkish novelist who was born in a western t own ofTurkey called ~e~rne in 1948. He
studied political scrences at the University of Ankara .
Qurck Lrnks: European wnter s1ubs ·Turkish people stub s
err.wikltHt•lia.•>l~f\'·:'i\.:ilMehrno:>t_~('·\liiJm ~ 1.=-.t. · ~-~i~~I!.~.Q · H(Jrt~ l!.mt..n±:_~~!).£.

7. Marinas in Turkev- Wikipedis, tile free .;neycl•1pedia

VoAVoN nnrthnrlrttm

Search Tip:
To search all Wikipedias:

[site:wikipedia.org]

To search language-specific Wikipedias:

site:DIGRAPH.wikipedia.org, e.g.,
[site:de.wikipedia.org nordafrika]

214 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFIOIAL l::ISE ONLY