Journal of Social Transformation and Education

Journal Homepage: http: //journals.theapra.org/index.php/jste/index

33a survey of mental health level among students in Bayan

Baru community college

Noor Sarena binti Mohd Zahid

Bayan Baru Community College,Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
[email protected]
Aziana binti Che Aziz
Paya Besar Community College,Pahang, Malaysia
[email protected]
Rohani M.M Yusoff
Seberang Perai Polytechnic Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
[email protected]
Abstract
This descriptive analysis survey purposely to measure the level of mental health among students in Bayan Baru
Community College in aspect of Anxiety, Stress and Depression. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21
(DASS-21) has been distributed to the students from the field of Pastry Certificate Program and Beauty and SPA
Certificate Program. The objectives of the study are to identify the level of stress, anxiety and depression among
students and find the correlation between gender and field of study to mental illness. T-test shows that there is
no significant correlation between gender and mental health among students (p-value >α, where α=0.05). There
is no significant correlation between field of study and mental health among students (p-value >α, where α=0.05).
The findings of this study suggest that there is a need to communicate the issue of mental health among the
students through communication campaigns so as to empower them with knowledge in reducing this health
related problem due to a few of female students having severe and extremely severe state and there was no
significant difference between mental health problems suffered by the student of Pastry and Beauty and SPA
Certificate The study should discuss about the other type of mental illness, the research of the field of study
should be categorize to the years of study and widened respondents’ sociodemographic such as social
background as the recommendations for the future studies.
Keywords: Mental Health, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, psychology
1. Introduction
Mental health is not a new issue in Malaysia. Starting in 1992, the World Federation of Mental Health (WFMH) has
declared October 10 every year is a worldwide mental health day. This mental health day has different theme for
each year, such in 2019, the theme applied was "Love the Life of Hope". The objective of the theme is to foster
awareness of the importance of mental health to society while preventing suicidal behavior. According to the
Malaysian Mental Health Policy, - Mental Health refers to the ability of individuals, groups and environments to
interact with each other to generate optimal feelings and functions and the use of cognitive / intellectual, affective
/ emotional and relationship abilities in achieving individual goals and a group consistent with justice. Mentally
healthy individuals are able to maintain harmonious relationships with others, participate in community activities
and can contribute to society (World Health Organization - WHO). People generally have positive mental health
if they can comfort themselves, comfortable with others, comfortable with the environment and able to meet the
demands of life. Mentally healthy individuals can maintain good biological, psychological, social and spiritual
functions. People with mental illness are more likely to not function normally. It’s a situation in which a person
can no longer control his emotions, thoughts and behaviors, making many aspects of his life chaotic. The study of
stress, anxiety and depression has been selected because nearly half a million people in the country are found to
be experiencing symptoms of stress or depression, according to the 2019 National Health and Morbidity Survey
(NHMS).
Bayan Baru Community College (KKBU) is situated in Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang. KKBU starts operating on July
2002. There are three fields of studies that is Certificate of Pastry and Certificate of Beauty Therapy and SPA. The
overall students per session is about 150 students. There are three intakes every year that is on Mac, July and
December. There are four semesters for each program, the last semester purposely for the practical training at
industries. Normally, the students are from various background and not really achieving in academics.
STRESS
Through the leaflet contained in the Ministry of Health's MyHEALTH Portal, stress is part of mental health
problems. (Chris, 2018) stated in his book of Stress at Work that Hans Salye, a western stress researcher who

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 Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis, Vol 2, No. 3

founded Theory and Model of Stress defined stress as any change that occurs to individuals either mentally or
physically due to stress or coercion. Admittedly stress is a major cause of mental health problems, however not all
stress affects the individual. A little stress can help someone show their true potential. Failure to cope with the
pressure received will affect the health and well-being of the individual in whatever work he or she does (Abdul
Rahman, Ros Aini, Majdi @ Abdul Hadi & Rashdan 2011). Adolescents who deal with excessive stress will respond
negatively to the problem they are facing and will thus affect themselves (Nurashikin 2011). For example,
community college students who fail to control stress can lead to declining academic achievement. High mental
strength is required to control stress as each person has a different perception of the problem or stress he or she is
experiencing (Sapora et al. 2013). The Hans Selve Stress Graphs indicate that when stress is low, productivity are
also low due to lack of motivation and focus on work. When stress is at a high level, a person will experience stress
and show signs of stress. Stress at a moderate level is the best because it will increase one's motivation and life
development.
ANXIETY
Anxiety disorders (English: anxiety neurosis, anxiety disorder) is a condition in which a person is constantly in
fear and anxiety. Even without stimulation, individuals with anesthesia often feel anxious, anxious, and fearful.
Anxious or constantly anxious will produce negative emotions which will create physical tension when an
individual constantly expects danger or misfortune (Barlow and Durand, 2012). Anesthetists will often think of an
event that is too deep and will cause harm to them such as dying, going crazy, disliking and so on, causing them
to become emotionally unstable, easily offended and angry or at times anxious. Moreno (2018) states in his study
that anxiety is a combination of fear and worry that bad thing will happen without having a strong reason for that
fear and anxiety. Each one of us has an enzyme in its own right, which distinguishes whether it is normal for
normal humans or very high levels of stress to be attacked. Šalkevicius (2019) has classified anarchy into four
stages;
i. Low - Normal anxiety is a normal human being. Anxiety in this level helps the individual to stay awake in
positive situations.
ii. Mild - Anxiety at this point causes the individual to focus on what they feel is important and ignore the other.
iii. Moderate - Individuals at this stage tend to focus on something specific and not think about other things. One
must give accurate and detailed instructions to the individual at this level.
iv. High - Individuals at this stage have anxiety, fear and anxiety until they lose control over themselves. This
combination of anxiety, fear and anxiety can increase heart rate and can affect an individual's ability to socialize.
Panic attacks can occur that can dispel rational thoughts.
DEPRESSION
Depression is a mental illness that causes an individual's mood to decrease. This will affect the individual's daily
life, including his thoughts, feelings, behavior and well-being (Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2020). Fatigue,
restlessness, prolonged sadness, irritability, hopelessness or lack of interest in daily activities are among the
symptoms of depression caused by depression (Mental Health Handbooks, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2015).
Anxiety disorders experienced by someone suffering from depression occur over a period of more than 2 weeks.
There are many factors that can cause a person to experience depression such as chemical changes in the brain,
heredity, medication, stress and even loss of loved ones. The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS)
shows that in Malaysia, there has been an increase number of the idea of suicide among adolescents, from 7.9% in
2012 to 10% in 2017. The NHMS survey also stated that 1 in 5 teenagers suffered from depressive symptoms, 2 out
of 5 diagnosed with anxiety and 1 in 10 are stressed. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress are also symptoms
of having mental illness. Adolescents with suicidal tendencies have psychiatric disorders and data obtained from
psychological autopsy methods show that 60% of suicides tend to have depression (Shaffer et al., 1996; Karaman
& Durban, 2013). Stress, Anxiety and Depression are early symptoms of mental illness that affect the future of a
person, especially children and adolescents.
1.2. Statement of problems problem statement
Mental health is a person’s condition with regards to their psychological and emotional well-being. Nowadays
mental health becomes the global issue besides other physical illness such as all type of cancers, diabetes and etc.
According to World Health Organization, people being affected with depression is 300 million and by 2030,
combating depression will become the largest medical burden to the world. World Health Organization is also
estimated that three-quarters of the people will have depression before the age of 24 and around 40 percent will
have the disease as early as age 14. Reports also indicate that one in three Malaysian adults struggle with mental
health issues. The 2019 National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) stated that 2.3% of Malaysian adults have
depression while the 2017 NMHS stated that 29% of Malaysian have depression and anxiety disorder compared to
12% in 2011. The survey reports that teenagers aged 13 to 17 in 2012 has suicidal thoughts and the percent has
increased from 7.9 to 10 in 2017. Meanwhile, stress was reduced to 13.7% in 2017 compared to 14.2% in 2012. The

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research is about to measure the mental health well-being of the students to adapt with the current changing
technology (Industrial Revolution 4.0).
1.3. Research Objectives
To identify the level of stress among male and female students
To identify the level of anxiety among male and female students
To identify the level of depression among male and female students
To identify the level of stress of the students with field of study
To identify the level of anxiety of the students with field of study
To identify the level of depression of the students with field of study
To identify correlation between gender and mental health (Stress, Anxiety and Depression).
To identify correlation between field of study with mental health (Stress, Anxiety and Depression).
1.4. Questions
What is the level of stress among male and female students at Bayan Baru Community College?
What is the level of anxiety among male and female students at Bayan Baru Community College?
What is the level of depression among male and female students at Bayan Baru Community College?
What is the level of stress of the students with the field of study at Bayan Baru Community College?
What is the level of anxiety of the students with the field of study at Bayan Baru Community College?
What is the level of depression of the students with the field of study at Bayan Baru Community College?
Is there a correlation between gender and mental health?
Is there a correlation between field of study and mental health?
1.5. Research hypotheses
1.H0: The gender of the students is not significant to the stress of the students
2.H0: The gender of the students is not significant to the anxiety of the students
3.H0: The gender of the students is not significant to the depression of the students
4.H0: The field of study is not significant to the stress of the students
5.H0: The field of study is not significant to the anxiety of the students
6. H0: The field of study is not significant to the depression of the students
1.6. Framework Review

Student Profile
-Gender
Mental Health
-Stress
-Depression
-Anxiety
Field of Study
-Certificate of Pastry
-Certificate of Beauty
Theraphy and SPA
Dependant Variable
Independent Variable

1.7. Research Interests

The interest of this study is to measure the level of mental health among Community College students’ such as
stress, anxiety and depression and mental health correlation between gender and field of study.
1.8. Research Limitation
The research of mental health is referring to stress, anxiety and depression only. The research of the
field of study do not categorize students to the years of study but as a whole. The study of
respondents’ sociodemographic includes the gender only.

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2. Literature Review
Nowadays, mental issues involving teenagers are often become newspapers' headlines. The World Health
Organization (WHO) reports that almost half of all types of mental illness begin at the age of 14. A healthy
mentality means that an individual is able to recognize their potential, manage stress well, work productively, and
contribute to society. Based on the statistics released by the WHO, it can be concluded that most students who
pursue higher education are also exposed to the risk of developing mental illness. SPM postgraduate students who
are studying in community colleges are mostly in their late teens and are in the early stages of transitioning to
social responsibility. They need to be wise in their decision making for a brighter future (Sigelman & Rider, 2019).
Mental disabilities that have previously shown no signs of early adolescence are spreading along with the
increasing burden of responsibility that needs to be borne in higher education. Mental instability among students
can negatively affect cognitive and interpersonal emotions that may cause their academic performance to decline
(Auerbach et al., 2016; Bruffaerts et al., 2018). There is no clear evidence to indicate the cause of mental disorders
among students (Hunt & Einsenberg, 2010). However, there have been some recent studies that support that
gender influences mental health and there are also studies that show that mental health has nothing to do with
gender. Female students are more likely to be exposed to symptoms of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety
and even suicide (Albert 2015; Ristic et al.2012). Gao (2020) from her study concluded that Anxiety is the most
prevalent and serious issue for female students; while a rising occurrence of depression was found among male
students. Mental disorders in men and women are often at the same level, (Marhani, 2013; National Institute for
Clinical Excellence, 2013).
According to Farnsworth (1957) living as a college student in the adolescent age but demanding a great deal of
sacrifice to meet the demands of life as an adult would have an impact on both the male and female students.
Undergraduate students are 65% healthy from mental illness according to Nor Adilah, Siti Nor dan Mohd Satar
(2010) while medical students were 34% affected with anxiety. Thus this research points out that there was a
significant difference in mental health among undergraduate in the different fields of study. Undergraduates from
social science were better able to cope with stress compared to technical and science undergraduates. This study
was supported by Halimatus Sakdiah and Tasneem (2019) that medical students were highly effected with
depression, anxiety and stress which is 31.1% of the respondents were found to be depressed, 53.9% had anxiety
and 26% were having stress.
The findings from Lee, M. F.* and Syaid, S (2017) showed no significant difference between engineering and non-
engineering student in the three states of mental health. These findings were also supported by Lee and Ahmad
(2016), who reported that the level of mental health among engineering students and non-engineering students in
universities were normal. Early detection of any symptoms of illness and the support of community and family
members may help prevent mental illness from worsening. Knowledge of mental illness symptoms among
Malaysians is still low and it is important for us to have some knowledge of mental health, however most people
think that mental illness or family members of the mentally ill are embarrassing and should be avoided (Mohd
Faizul, 2018). In community colleges, psychologists are usually given a set of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale
21 (DASS-21) questions for the initial test of mental health status among students. Students will answer the
questions given to identify their level of depression, anxiety and stress. The Dass-21 test divides the levels of
depression, anxiety and stress into 5 levels namely normal, mild, moderate, severe and very severe. Students may
not expect that the common symptoms they experience are early signs of mental health symptoms. This study will
measure the level of mental health among students and its correlation with gender and field of studies.
3. Methodology
Sampling
The present research is conducted using a survey method. The participants of 80 students are those who are in
Bayan Baru Community College which are at aged between 19 to 22 years old and selected through purposive
sampling.
data collections
The questionnaires distributed consist of 2 parts. Part A consist of respondents demographic. Part B consist of 21
questions for three categories: stress (7 questions), anxiety (7 questions), and depression (7 questions). The
questionnaire was administered to students manually. Students are given 15 Minutes to answer the questionnaire.
100 questionnaires were distributed and 80 was collected back.
Findings
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21)
The Malay version DASS inventory was used to measure mental health by investigating the presence of three
mental health states namely, depression, anxiety and stress. The DASS inventory consisted of 21 items that were
translated and tested to fit the characteristics of Malaysian students (Psychology Foundation of Australia, PSY,

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2013). The DASS inventory has been widely used to measure psychological parameters in many studies among
clinical and non-clinical populations. Also, it has been broadly used as a research tool in measuring psychological
aspects similar to those of this study (PSY, 2013).
Table 1: Meaning of DASS-21

Table 2: Respondent profiles by gender and field of study.

Total Total Percent
Item Frequency (f) Percent (%)
Frequency (f) (%)
Gender Male 11 13.8
80 100
Female 69 86.3
Pastry Certificate 18 22.5 100
Field of study Beauty and Spa 80
62 76.3
Certificate
Table 2 shows the frequencies of two independent variables that is gender and field of study. Female and field of
study of Beauty and SPA are the largest sample.
Table 3: Mental health level by gender
Male Female
Category
Frequency (f) Percent (%) Frequency (f) Percent (%)

Normal 7 63.6 36 52.2

Mild 1 9.1 7 10.1
Moderate 3 27.3 18 26.1
Stress
Severe 0 0.0 5 7.2
Extremely Severe 0 0.0 3 4.3
Total 11 100 69 100
Normal 5 45.5 11 15.9
Mild 1 9.1 20 29.0
Moderate 2 18.2 12 17.4
Anxiety
Severe 1 9.1 11 15.9
Extremely Severe 2 18.2 15 21.7
Total 11 100 69 100
Normal 7 63.6 35 50.7
Mild 1 9.1 10 14.5
Depression Moderate 2 18.2 12 17.4
Severe 1 9.1 5 7.2
Extremely Severe 0 0.0 7 10.1

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Total 11 100 69 100

The table shows that male students are healthier than the female students which the normal percentage of stress
is 63.6%, anxiety is 45.5% and depression is 63.6%. The female students show that a few of them are having an
extremely severe case in stress, anxiety and depression.
Table 4 : Mental health level by field of study
Beauty and Spa Certificate Pastry Certificate
Category
Frequency (f) Percent (%) Frequency (f) Percent (%)
Normal 11 61.1 32 51.6
Mild 3 16.7 5 8.1
Moderate 2 11.1 19 30.6
Stress
Severe 2 11.1 3 4.8
Extremely Severe 0 0.0 3 4.8
Total 18 100 62 100
Normal 3 16.7 13 21.0
Mild 7 38.9 14 22.6
Moderate 3 16.7 11 17.7
Anxiety
Severe 2 11.1 10 16.1
Extremely Severe 3 16.7 14 22.6
Total 18 100 62 100
Normal 9 50.0 33 53.2
Mild 3 16.7 8 12.9
Moderate 2 11.1 12 19.3
Depression
Severe 3 16.7 3 4.8
Extremely Severe 1 5.6 6 9.7
Total 18 100 62 100

The frequency of stress among students of Beauty and SPA Certificate are normal, the anxiety level is mild and
the level of depression are normal. The frequency of stress among students of Pastry Certificate are normal and a
few of them indicates mild symptoms, the anxiety level shows mild moderate symptoms and the level of
depression are normal.
Table 5: Analysis of t-tests comparing stress level with gender.

Standard
Gender Bil Mean Df T Significant
Deviation
Male 11 6.091 4.784
78 -1.793 0.498
Female 69 8.609 4.254
The p-value is 0.498 >α, where α=0.05 thus H0 is accepted. T-test shows that the gender of the students does not
significant to the stress level of the students.
Table 6: Analysis of t-test comparing anxiety level with gender.

Gender Bil Mean Standard Deviation Df T Significant

Male 11 6.364 4.319
78 -1.234 0.976
Female 69 8.145 4.466
The p-value is 0.976 >α, where α=0.05 thus H0 is accepted. T-test shows that the gender of the students does not
significant to the anxiety level of the students.
Table 7: Analysis of t-test comparing depression level with gender.

Gender Bil Mean Standard Deviation Df T Significant

Male 11 5.182 3.868
78 -1.151 0.631
Female 69 6.855 4.561

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The p-value is 0.631 >α, where α=0.05 thus H0 is accepted. T-test shows that the gender of the students does not
significant to the depression level of the students.
Table 8: Analysis of t-tests comparing depression level with field of study.

Standard
Field Of Study Bil Mean Df T Significant
Deviation
Pastry Certificate 62 6.629 4.589
Beauty and Spa 78 -0.015 0.789
18 6.611 4.245
Certificate
The p-value is 0.789 >α, where α=0.05 thus H0 is accepted. T-test shows that the field of study does not significant
to the depression level of the students.
Table 9: Analysis of t-tests comparing stress level with field of study.

Standard
Field Of Study Bil Mean Df T Significant
Deviation
Pastry Certificate 62 8.307 4.551
Beauty and Spa 78 -0.165 0.236
18 8.111 3.879
Certificate
The p-value is 0.236 >α, where α=0.05 thus H0 is accepted. T-test shows that the field of study does not significant
to the stress level of the students.
Table 10: Analysis of t-tests comparing anxiety level with field of study

Standard
Field Of Study Bil Mean Df T Significant
Deviation

Pastry Certificate 62 7.952 4.625

78 -0.191 0.368
Beauty and Spa
18 7.722 3.967
Certificate
.
The p-value is 0.236 >α, where α=0.05 thus H0 is accepted. T-test shows that the field of study does not significant
to the anxiety level of the students.
4. Results And Discussion
The level of stress among female students are normal which is 52.2%, 7% are severe and 4.3% are extremely severe
while male students are 63.6% normal, 27.3% are moderate and no sign of severe and extremely severe. The results
demonstrated that male students are mentally healthier than the female students. A few of the female students
showing extremely severe stress symptoms.
The level of anxiety among female students are mild which is 29%, 15.9% are severe and 21.7% are extremely severe
while male students are 45.5% normal, 9.1% are severe and 18.2% are extremely severe. The results demonstrated
that basically male students are mentally healthier than the female students but both gender showing severe and
extremely severe anxiety symptoms
The level of depression among female students are normal which is 50.7%, 7.2% are severe and 10.1% are extremely
severe while male students are 63.6% normal, 9.1% are severe and no sign of extremely severe. The results
demonstrated that male students are mentally healthier than the female students. A few of the female students
showing severe and extremely severe depression symptoms.
The level of stress among Beauty and Spa Certificate students are 61.1% normal and showing 11.1% severe with
no sign of extremely severe symptoms while Pastry Certificate students are 51.6% normal and 30.6% moderate but
showing 4.8% of severe and extremely severe symptoms. The results demonstrated that Beauty and Spa Certificate
students are mentally healthier than the other field.
The level of anxiety among Beauty and Spa Certificate students are 38.9% mild and showing 11.1% severe and
16.7% sign of extremely severe symptoms while Pastry Certificate students are 22.6% mild, 16.1% severe and 22.6%
showing extremely severe symptoms. The results demonstrated that both field of study showing the sign of anxiety
among students.

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The level of depression among Beauty and Spa Certificate students are 50.0% normal and showing 16.7% severe
and 5.6% sign of extremely severe symptoms while Pastry Certificate students are 53.2% normal, 4.8% severe and
9.7% showing extremely severe symptoms. The results demonstrated that both field of study showing less sign of
depression among students.
The Hypothesis shows that the gender of the students does not significant to the stress, anxiety and depression
level of the students (p-value >α).
The Hypothesis also shows that the field of study does not significant to the stress, anxiety and depression level of
the students (p-value >α).
Overall these findings are in accordance with findings reported from Lee, M. F.* and Syaid, S (2017) showed no
significant difference between engineering and non-engineering student in the three states of mental health. These
findings were also supported by Lee and Ahmad (2016), who reported that the level of mental health among
engineering students and non-engineering students in universities were normal. The limitations of the present
studies naturally include that field of study does not categorize students to the years of study but as a whole. The
sociodemographic of the students includes the gender only not whole aspect of social and background details of
the students. It is important to highlight the fact that most the students of Bayan Baru Community College are
mentally healthy regardless of gender and field of study. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the female students
are more likely to be exposed to symptoms of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and even suicide (Albert
2015; Ristic et al.2012). According to the book of Farnsworth, living as a college student in the adolescent age but
demanding a great deal of sacrifice to meet the demands of life as an adult would have an impact on both the male
and female students. Nonetheless, we believe that it is well justified to having that results.
5. Conclusion
Mental health is a person’s condition with regards to their psychological and emotional well-being People
generally have positive mental health if they can comfort themselves, comfortable with others, comfortable with
the environment and able to meet the demands of life. Mentally healthy individuals can maintain good biological,
psychological, social and spiritual functions. Admittedly stress is a major cause of mental health problems,
however not all stress affects the individual. A little stress can help someone show their true potential. Failure to
cope with the pressure received will affect the health and well-being. Anxiety disorders is a condition in which a
person is constantly in fear and anxiety. Even without stimulation, individuals with anesthesia often feel anxious
and fearful. Depression is a mental illness that causes an individual's mood to decrease. This will affect the
individual's daily life, including his thoughts, feelings, behavior and well-being (Ministry of Health Malaysia,
2020). Nowadays, mental issues involving teenagers are often become newspapers' headlines. The World Health
Organization (WHO) reports that almost half of all types of mental illness begin at the age of 14. Based on the
statistics released by the WHO, it can be concluded that most students who pursue higher education are also
exposed to the risk of developing mental illness.
Our results conclude that male students are mentally healthier than the female students. A few of the female
students showing extremely severe stress symptoms but both gender showing severe and extremely severe anxiety
symptoms. A few of the female students showing severe and extremely severe depression symptoms. The level of
stress among Beauty and Spa Certificate students are healthier than the other field. The results also show that both
fields of study showing the sign of anxiety among students. The results also indicate that both field of study
showing less sign of depression among students. The Hypothesis shows that the gender of the students does not
significant to the stress, anxiety and depression level of the students (p-value >α). The Hypothesis also shows that
the field of study does not significant to the stress, anxiety and depression level of the students (p-value >α). The
limitations of the present studies are it does not categorize students to the years of study but as a whole. The socio-
demographic of the students such as social, race and cultural factors of the students are not included. In conclusion,
the level of mental health among students from Bayan Baru Community College are normal.
However, there were also students who shows severe and extremely severe mental states. This occurrence must
be prevented by all parties by addressing mental health issues among students in institutions of higher learning.
In addition, each student must also address the factors that affect mental health to ensure his or her well-being
condition. Parents, Counsellors and lecturers may refer to the regression equation for depression, anxiety and
stress in order to manage mental health problems among the students. It should be noted that all students
regardless of discipline can suffer from different levels of mental illness as the results showed that there was no
significant difference between mental health problems suffered by the student of Pastry and Beauty and SPA
Certificate. future researchers, could widened the socio-demographic factors to obtain a good result of the mental
illness state among students.
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