Lecture 2 Student Notes
Lecture 2 Student Notes
Lecture 2 Student Notes
2
1. Process Flowsheeting
Block
6 7
Process
FCV
218
Engineering
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Block Flow Process Diagram (PFD)
N 2 + 3H 2 → 2 NH 3
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Block Flow Process Diagram (PFD)
N 2 + 3H 2 → 2 NH 3
Purge
recycle
N2
H2
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Block Flow Process Diagram
Water vapour
Feed Product
Reaction &
Dehydrator Compression
Hydrogen Cooling
Purge
Air Recycle
Separation
Compression
Oxygen
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Block Flow Plant Diagram
113 128
134
T-101
101
153
F-105
111
159
146
105 160
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Block Flow Diagrams - BFD
• To represent a process in a simplified form
• Conveys what is achieved in each step, not how it is achieved
• Consists of blocks representing different equipment or unit operations.
• Connected by input and output streams.
• Operating conditions like T, P, conversion and yield are included.
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Block Flow Process Diagram
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Flow Process Diagram
Non-condensable gases
Toluene
F mol/hr
Methane,
Benzene,
Reactor Toluene, Separator
Benzene
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Benzene,
H mol/h Toluene
Distillation
Liquid products
Recycle Toluene
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The Process Flow Diagram
(PFD)
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The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
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The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
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The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
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The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
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Process Flow Diagrams
The following are examples from the Howat Standard Library of process
flow diagram symbols.
Cyclone
Mixer Cyclone
Autoclave
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Process Flow Diagrams
Cooling Tower
Boiler Cooling Tower
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Process Flow Diagrams
Turbine Compressor
Covered Tank
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Process Flow Diagrams
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Process Flow Diagrams
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Process Flow Diagrams
21 Reports
Process Flow Diagrams
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Process Flow Diagrams
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The Piping and
Instrumentation Diagram
(P&ID)
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Piping & Instrumentation Diagram, P&ID
P&ID are used to convey the mechanical details of the plant. They
give every line, valve, connection in the process.
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Piping & Instrumentation Diagram, P&ID
On the P&ID:
• All pipes, identified by a line number. The pipe size and material of
construction should be shown.
• The type and size of all valves, control and block valves, with an identification
number must be shown.
• Ancillary fittings that are part of the piping system, such as steam traps must
be shown with an identification number.
Note that the lines are numbered giving codes relating to type of line, ASTM
code, size and insulation.
Note that vents with valves and blind flanges are shown on the equipment.
Note that equipment not shown on the PFD is shown here. This equipment
tends to be minor but essential to continuous operation.
Note that the level of detail for valving and control is substantially increased.
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Piping & Instrumentation Diagram, P&ID
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Piping & Instrumentation Diagram, P&ID
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Piping & Instrumentation Diagram, P&ID
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