Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

Process
Instrumentation
ERT 213
Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

Miss Hanna Ilyani Zulhaimi
Outline
  Process diagram/Flowsheeting
  Block Flow Diagram
  Process Flow Diagram
  Introduction to Microsoft Visio
Learning outcome:
By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:
Ø  Understand and interpret block flow diagram

Ø  Analyze and demonstrate process flow diagram
based on symbology
Ø  To employ process flow diagram to Microsoft Visio

Software
LEARNING FLOW
Valves In
Industry
Process & Instrumentation

Diagram (P&ID)
Pump,
Compressor,
Fan & Blower
ISA
Symbology
Process Flow
Diagram (PFD)
Roughly speaking, communication is paramount ~ As an
Engineer, transfer the most amount of information with
the least amount of effort on the part of the reader
Introduction to Flowsheeting
Flowsheets are the pictorial representation of the process
GOAL:
Transmit the most
amount of information
with the least amount
of effort on the part of
the reader
Type of Flowsheeting/Diagram
  Block Diagram
  Material Flow Sheet
  Energy Flow Sheet
  Process Flow Diagram
  Information Flow Diagram
  Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
What is Block Flow Diagram?
q  It is the simplest ﬂowsheet.
q  Par,cularly useful in ini,al studies
q  Useful to show interrela,on of streams
q  Process engineer begins process design with a block diagram in which only the feed and product
streams are iden7ﬁed.
q  The processes described in the BFD are then broken down into basic func,onal elements such as
reac7on and separa7on sec7ons.
q  Also iden,fy the recycle streams and addi7onal unit opera7ons to achieve the desired opera,ng
condi,ons.
BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM (BFD)
Example 1:
Mixed Gas
Toluene, C7H8 2610 kg/hr
10,000 kg/hr
Reactor Gas Separator Benzene, C6H6

C6H6
8,210 kg/hr
CH4
Hydrogen H2
820 kg/hr C7H8
Mixed Liquid
75% Conversion of

Toluene
Reac,on : C7H8 + H2 C6H6 + CH4
Figure 1: Block Flow Diagram for the Produc7on of Benzene
Exersice 1
Ammonia-air mixture is feed to the bottom
stream of an absorber with flow rate of 10L/
min. Water then feed to the upper stream of
the same absorber with desired flow rate of
5L/min. There are two outputs from the
absorber where upper stream is insoluble NH3
and bottom stream is NH3-Water mixture. This
NH3-water mixture then feed up to a batch
distillation column. The column produces
ammonia gas as a top product which this
product then will be condensate with a
condenser to produce liquid ammonia. Develop
Block Flow Diagram (BFD) for this process.
Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
  Conveys the major processing steps represented by the
equipment
Ø  useful for conveying the heat and material balances
Ø  Useful for conveying major pieces of equipment
Ø  Useful for conveying processing conditions
Ø  Useful for conveying utilities
  There are no hard and fast rule but Howat Standards include:
  Essentially every major pieces of equipment
  Every flow stream
  Every temperature
  Every pressure
  Utility flows
  Process unit tagging and numbering
Major Pieces of Equipment
R-‐100 P-‐100 T-‐100 E-‐100 P-‐101 R-‐101
Reactor Pump Dis7lla7on Column Condenser Pump Reactor
Hot water out
Ethylene
E-‐100 Ethylene
V-‐104 liq.
Cold water in
V-‐106
CV-‐100 T-‐100
CV-‐101
Ethanol V-‐105
V-‐100 V-‐101 V-‐102 Hydrogen

H2SO4 V-‐103 V-‐107
R-‐100 Ni Ethane
R-‐101
P-‐100
H2O P-‐101
Utility Streams
R-‐100 P-‐100 T-‐100 E-‐100 P-‐101 R-‐101
Hot water out
Ethylene
E-‐100 Ethylene
V-‐104 liq.
Cold water in
V-‐106
CV-‐100 T-‐100
CV-‐101
Ethanol V-‐105
V-‐100 V-‐101 V-‐102 Hydrogen

H2SO4 V-‐103 V-‐107
R-‐100 Ni Ethane
R-‐101
P-‐100
H2O P-‐101
Process Flow Streams
Stream Numbering and Drawing

-‐ Number streams from le] to right as much as possible.
-‐ Horizontal lines are dominant.
Yes No No
  Stream Information (Operating conditions such as P, T, F)
Ø  Since diagrams are small not much stream informa,on

can be included.

Ø  Include important data – around reactors and towers, etc.
q  Flags are used
q  Full stream data
Ø  Details informa,on for each stream in PFD is represented
in the table below the drawing.
Stream Informa7on -‐ Flag
600 Temperature
300
3 8 24 Pressure
9
6 7 Mass Flowrate
10.3
1 10
108 Molar Flowrate
600
24
2 5 12 Gas Flowrate
4 11 Liquid
Flowrate
24
13
Stream Informa7on -‐ Flag
R-‐100 P-‐100 T-‐100 E-‐100 P-‐101 R-‐101
Hot water
out
Ethylene E-‐100 Ethylene liq.
6
V-‐104
Cold
T-‐100
water in CV-‐101 V-‐106
25 CV-‐100
28 V-‐105
Ethanol 5 20
1 V-‐101 V-‐102 38
H2SO4 4 Hydrogen
V-‐100
V-‐103 V-‐107 Ni 9
R-‐100
R-‐101 Ethane
3 8
2 35 10
35 31.0 7
H2O
P-‐101
32.2
P-‐100
Stream Data Table
R-‐100 P-‐100 T-‐100 E-‐100 P-‐101 R-‐101
Hot water
out
Ethylene E-‐100 Ethylene liq.

6
V-‐104
Cold
water in V-‐106
25 CV-‐100
T-‐100
CV-‐101
28 V-‐105
Ethanol 5 20
H2SO4 1 V-‐101 V-‐102
4 38 Hydrogen
V-‐100
V-‐103 V-‐107 Ni
9
R-‐100
Ethane
3 8
R-‐101
2 35 10
35 31.0 7 H2O
32.2 P-‐101
P-‐100
Stream Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Temperature (oC) 25.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 60.3 41 38 54 45.1
Pressure (psi) 28 32.2 31.0 31.0 30.2 45.1 31.3 24.0 39 2.6
Vapor fraction
Mass flow (tonne/hr) 10.3 13.3 0.82 20.5 6.41 20.5 0.36 9.2 20.9 11.6
Mole flow (kmol/hr) 108 114.2 301.0 1204. 758.8 1204. 42.6 1100. 142.2 244.0
0 4 8
Process Unit Tagging & Numbering
Process Equipment General Format XX-YZZ A/B
XX are the identification letters for the equipment classification

C - Compressor or Turbine

E - Heat Exchanger

H - Fired Heater

P - Pump

R - Reactor

T - Tower

TK - Storage Tank

V - Vessel

Y - designates an area within the plant

ZZ - are the number designation for each item in an equipment
class
A/B - identifies parallel units or backup units not shown on a

PFD
Supplemental
Additional description of equipment given on top of PFD
Information

Process Unit Tagging &
Numbering
R-‐100 P-‐100 T-‐100 E-‐100 P-‐101 R-‐101
Hot water out
Ethylene
E-‐100 Ethylene
V-‐104 liq.
Cold water in
V-‐106
CV-‐100 T-‐100
CV-‐101
Ethanol V-‐105
V-‐100 V-‐101 V-‐102 Hydrogen

H2SO4 V-‐103 V-‐107
R-‐100 Ni Ethane
R-‐101
P-‐100
H2O P-‐101
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)
A/B LeYer
Example
Hot water
out Hot water
out
Ethylene
Ethylene
Ethylene liq.
Cold
water in Cold Ethylene liq.
Ethanol water in
Ethanol
H2SO4 Hydrogen Ethane H2SO4 Hydrogen Ethane
Ni
Ni
H2O H2O
P-‐100 A/B P-‐100 A
P-‐100 B
In Real Plant
In PFD
Thank you J

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What are the different types of flowsheeting/diagrams discussed?

What are the different types of flowsheeting/diagrams discussed?

What is a block flow diagram used for?

What is a block flow diagram used for?

Process

Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

Ø Understand and interpret block flow diagram

Ø To employ process flow diagram to Microsoft Visio

Process & Instrumentation

q Par,cularly useful in ini,al studies

q Useful to show interrela,on of streams

Reactor Gas Separator Benzene, C6H6

75% Conversion of

Reac,on : C7H8 + H2 C6H6 + CH4

Hot water out

V-­‐100 V-­‐101 V-­‐102 Hydrogen

Hot water out

V-­‐100 V-­‐101 V-­‐102 Hydrogen

-­‐ Horizontal lines are dominant.

Ø Since diagrams are small not much stream informa,on

Ethylene E-­‐100 Ethylene liq.

Ethylene E-­‐100 Ethylene liq.

Hot water out

V-­‐100 V-­‐101 V-­‐102 Hydrogen

P-­‐100 A/B P-­‐100 A

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Ø  Understand and interpret block flow diagram

Ø  To employ process flow diagram to Microsoft Visio

q  Par,cularly useful in ini,al studies

q  Useful to show interrela,on of streams

V-‐100 V-‐101 V-‐102 Hydrogen

V-‐100 V-‐101 V-‐102 Hydrogen

-‐ Horizontal lines are dominant.

Ø  Since diagrams are small not much stream informa,on

Ethylene E-‐100 Ethylene liq.

Ethylene E-‐100 Ethylene liq.

V-‐100 V-‐101 V-‐102 Hydrogen

P-‐100 A/B P-‐100 A