Sample Paper

General Instructions
(i) The question paper comprises four sections A, B, C, and D. There are
36 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) (Section–A - question no. 1 to 20 - all questions and parts thereof are
of one mark each. These questions contain multiple-choice questions
(MCQs), very short answer questions, and assertion - reason type
questions. Answers to these should be given in one word or one
sentence.
(iii) Section–B - question no. 21 to 26 are short answer type questions,
carrying 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the
range of 30 to 50 words.
(iv) Section–C - question no. 27 to 33 are short answer type questions,
carrying 3 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the
range of 50 to 80 words.
(v) Section–D – question no. - 34 to 36 are long answer type questions
carrying 5 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the
range of 80 to 120 words.
(vi) There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been
provided in some questions. A student must attempt only one of the
alternatives in such questions.
(vii) Wherever necessary, neat, and properly labelled diagrams should be
drawn.

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 Section A

1. There are 15 protons and 16 neutrons in the nucleus of an element.

Calculate its atomic number and mass number.
OR
Name the particles which determine the mass of an atom.
2. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of chlorine is 7. What
is its valency and why?
3. Which of the following is a compound?
A. Air
B. Water
C. Soda water
D. Pond water
4. A man leaves his house at 5:30 a.m. for a morning walk and returns
at 6:15 a.m. Find his displacement in this time.
5. A boy throws a ball up and catches it when the ball falls back. In which
part of the motion is the ball decelerating?
6. A ball moving on a surface stops after travelling some distance. Does
it violate the first law of motion? Explain.
OR
If a ball is moving on a frictionless horizontal surface and no forces are
applied on it, will its speed decrease, increase or remain constant?
7. A battery lights a bulb. Describe the energy change involved in the
process.
8. Why is a gravitational force between you and your friend too weak to
be experienced, but that between earth and sun is extremely large,
though they are separated by large distance?
9. An echo is returned in 6 seconds. What is the distance of the reflecting
surface from the source? [given that speed of sound is 342 m/s.]
OR
Aditi clapped her hands near a cliff and heard the echo after 4 seconds.
What is the distance of the cliff here if the speed of sound is taken as
342 m/s.
10. A cell will swell up if
A. The concentration of water molecules in the cell is higher than the
concentration of water molecules in the surrounding medium
B. The concentration of water molecules in the surrounding medium
is higher than the concentration of water molecules in the cell.

3
 C. The concentration of water molecules is same in the cell and in
the surrounding medium
D. The concentration of water molecules does not matter
11. In goitre, the thyroid gland enlarges and results in swelling in the
throat region. Which epithelial tissue is involved in this condition?
12. Which gases are considered as the greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere?
13. Plant tissues are mainly of two types____ and ____.
14. DIRECTION: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A)
is followed by a statement of the reason (R).
Assertion: Hydrogen has three isotopes 11H, 21H and 31H.
Reason: Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but the
different mass number

A. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the assertion
B. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of assertion (A)
C. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
D. Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
15. Assertion: Lysosomes are known as suicidal bags of a cell.
Reason: They are kind of waste disposal system of cell
A. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the assertion
B. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of assertion (A)
C. Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false.
D. Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true
16. The questions in this segment consists of two statements, one labelled
as "Assertion A" and the other labelled as "Reason R".
Assertion (A): Compression and rarefaction involve changes in density
and pressure.
Reason (R): When particles are compressed, density of medium
increases and when they are rarefied, density of medium decreases.
Choose the most appropriate Solution from the options given below:
A. Both Assertion and reason are true, and the Reason is the correct
explanation of the Assertion.
B. Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct
explanation of the Assertion.
C. Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D. Both Assertion and Reason are false.

4
17. Answer question numbers (a) to (d) based on your understanding of
the following paragraph and related studied concepts.
The covering or protective tissues in the animal body are epithelial
tissues. Epithelium covers most organs and cavities within the body.
It also forms a barrier to keep different body systems separate. The
skin, the lining of the mouth, the lining of blood vessels, lung alveoli
and kidney tubules are all made of epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue
cells are tightly packed and form a continuous sheet. They have only
a small amount of cementing material between them and almost no
intercellular spaces.
(a) If there are no intercellular spaces between the cells of the
epidermal layer, how does exchange or section of materials take
place?
(b) Which type of epithelium would
(i) prevent wear and tear?
(ii) permit easy movement of molecules across the lining?
(c) Where would one find glandular epithelium?
(d) Discuss the role of ciliated columnar epithelium.
18. Read the following and answer any four questions from (a) to (e)
Name the process associated with the following
(a) Dry ice is kept at room temperature and at one atmospheric
pressure.
(b) A potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker and water is
poured into a beaker with stirring.
(c) An acetone bottle is left open and the bottle becomes empty.
(d) Milk is churned to separate cream from it.
(e) Setting of sand when a mixture of sand and water is left
undisturbed for some time.
19. Read the following and answer any four questions from (a) to (e)
Write the chemical formulae of the following:
(a) Magnesium sulphate
(b) Calcium oxide
(c) Sodium sulphide
(d) Aluminium phosphate
(e) Potassium chloride
20. Read the following and answer any four questions from (a) to (e)
When a bus goes from Delhi to Haridwar, it takes several turns along
the way. To find the distance covered by the bus, we have to add the
distances of all the segments of the road the bus travels on. However,
to find the displacement of the bus, we need to know the straight-line
distance between the bus stands at Delhi and Haridwar. But that is not

5
 enough. We also need to know the direction of Haridwar as seen from
(or with respect to) Delhi. To describe the displacement of a particle
from one position to another, we must state the following: (a) how far
the final position is from the initial position (straight-line distance), and
(b) the direction in which the final position is as seen from the initial
position.
(a) Which of the following is/are true?
A. Distance can be negative
B. Displacement can be zero.
C. Displacement can be negative
D. Both B and C are true
(b) Which of the following is true for displacement?
A. It cannot be zero
B. Its magnitude is greater than the distance travelled
C. It may be equal to the magnitude of distance travelled
D. It is always lesser than the magnitude of distance travelled

(c) The numerical ratio of displacement to distance for a moving

object is

A. always less than 1

B. always equal to 1
C. always more than 1
D. equal or less than 1

(d) In which of the following cases of motions, the distance moved,

and the magnitude of displacement are equal?

A. If the car is moving on straight road

B. If the car is moving in circular path
C. The pendulum is moving to and fro
D. The earth is revolving around the Sun

(e) Bill runs 400 meters to Andy’s house, turns around, and runs 400
meters back home. What is the distance covered by Bill?

A. 0 meters
B. 400 meters
C. 800 meters
D. 1600 meters

Section B

21. Though the basic unit of both, a flower and a leaf is the cell, they are
widely different in their appearance. Why?

6
 OR
What are the two main components of blood? Why is blood
considered as a type of connective tissue?

22. State the differences between meristematic tissue and permanent

tissue
23. In the atmosphere, Oxygen is available as O2 but not as O. Explain.
OR
Write any two uses of isotopes.
24. (a) Rusting of an article made up of iron is called____.
(b) Define: (i) solute (ii) solvent
25. Two bodies of masses ma and mb are dropped from different heights
'a' and ‘b'. Find the ratio of time taken by them to reach the ground
in terms of ‘a’ and ‘b’.
26. A ball of mass 0.5 kg moving with a velocity of 2 m/sec strikes a wall
normally and bounces back with the same speed. If the time of
contact between the ball and the wall is one millisecond, then find
the average force exerted by the wall on the ball.

Section C

27. State the functions of: (a) Parenchyma (b) Collenchyma (c)
Sclerenchyma
OR
Explain any three reasons to justify that prevention of diseases is
better than their cure.
28. (a) List any three differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cell.
(b) Write the composition of a chromosome. Name the part of the cell
where it is formed
29. Near coastal areas, wind blows from sea towards the land during the
day while wind current moves from land to the sea during the night.
Explain giving reason.
30. A diver of 50 kg jumps from a platform 20 m, high into a pool. If the
diver comes to rest in 0.8 seconds after hitting the surface of the
water, then what is the force that the water exerts on the diver?
31. a) Name the property of a substance to check its purity?
(b) Alloys cannot be separated by physical means, though it is
considered a mixture, Why?
32. How do colloid, solution and suspension differ from each other?

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33. A stone dropped from the top of a tower of height 300 m splashes into
a pond of water at its base. When will the sound of the splash be heard
at the top?
(Velocity of sound =340 m/s and g = 10 m/s2)

Section D
34. a) What information do you get from the figures about the atomic
number, valency of atoms X, Y and Z? Give your Solution in a tabular
form.
(b) Write the molecular formulae for the following compounds:
(i) Copper (II) bromide
(ii) Aluminium (III) nitrate
(iii) Calcium (II) phosphate
(iv) Magnesium (II) acetate

OR
(i) State the method of determining the valency of an element if its
atomic number is given.
(ii) Determine the valency of the following elements, the atomic
numbers of which are given in parenthesis:
Chlorine (17), Sulphur (16), Aluminium (13)
35. a) Differentiate between
(i) Nucleus and nucleoid
(ii) Plant cell and animal cell
(b) What is osmosis?
36. (a) A ball with radius r=0.22m is submerged in syrup at a depth
of 4m. What is the total force from pressure acting on the ball?
(g=10ms-2 ρs=1370 kgm-3 Patm=100kPa)
(b) Two asteroids in space are in close proximity to each other. Each
has a mass of 6.69 × 1015 kg. If they are 100,000m apart, what
is the gravitational acceleration that they experience?

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 (c) A stone of density 3000 kg/m3 is submerged in water. If the mass
of stone in air is 150 kg, calculate the force required to lift the
stone. g = 10 m/s2

***

9
 Hints & Solutions
Section A

1. Solution: Atomic number of the element is 15, as the number of

protons in the atom of an element represents the atomic number of
that element.
Mass number of element = number of protons + number of neutrons
= 15 + 16 = 31
OR
The particles which actually determine the mass of an atom are
protons and neutrons.
2. Solution: The valency of chlorine is 1 because the valency of an
element is either equal to the number of valence electrons in its atom
or equal to the number of electrons required to complete 8 electrons
in the valence shell. Since chlorine is a non-metal so valency of non-
metal = 8 – the number of valence electrons in its atom which is 8-7
= 1.
3. Solution: B

Solution: Water is a compound formed by the elements- hydrogen and

oxygen. Air, pond water, soda water are examples of mixtures.

4. Solution: The position of the man at 6.15 a.m. is the same as his
position at 5.30 a.m. Thus, the distance of the final position from the
initial position is zero, and hence, his displacement is zero.
5. Solution: As the ball goes up, its speed decreases. As it comes down,
its speed increases. Thus, it decelerates while going up.
6. Solution: The first law states that when a body in motion stays in
motion and a body at rest stays at rest until an external force is
applied. But in the case of rolling the ball, the ball stops after some
time because frictional force is acting on the ball every time which
keeps on reducing its speed.
OR
According to the first law of motion, the ball will continue to move
with constant speed if no external force acts on it.

7. Solution: When the bulb is connected to the battery the chemical

energy of the battery is converted into the electrical energy. When a
bulb receives this electrical energy it converts it into light and heat
energy. The figure below shows the energy transformation in a more
descriptive way.
Chemical Energy → Electrical Energy → Light Energy + Heat Energy
8. Solution: From Newton’s law of gravitation, the gravitational force
between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their
masses.

As the masses of earth and sun are very large as compared to the
mass of me and my friend, the gravitational force between them is
much greater than between me and my friend.
9. Solution: Given
Speed of sound (u) = 342 m/s
Time taken for hearing the echo (t) = 6 s
Now
(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 342 × 6 = 2052 𝑚

In 6s, sound has to travel twice the distance between the source and
reflecting surface. Therefore, the distance of the reflecting surface
from the source is 2052/2 = 1026 m
OR
Given
Speed of sound (u) = 346 m/s
Time taken for hearing the echo (t) = 4s
Now
Now
(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 342 × 4 = 1368 𝑚

In 4 s, sound has to travel twice the distance between the cliff and
aditi. Therefore, the distance between the cliff and aditi is 1368/2 =
684 m

10. Answer – B

Solution: The concentration of water molecules in the surrounding

medium is higher than the concentration of water molecules in the cell

11. Solution - Glandular epithelium is affected in goitre

12. Solution - carbon dioxide, methane, nitric oxide and nitrous oxide

13. Solution: meristematic and permanent.

14. Solution: A
15. Solution: (B)
 Solution: Lysosomes contain powerful digestive enzymes capable of
breaking down all the organic materials. Hence, during cellular
disturbance, they digest the damaged cell organelles.

16. Answer: A

Solution: A compression is a region of medium in which particles come

closer i.e., distance between the particles becomes less than the
normal distance between them. Thus there is a temporary decrease in
volume and as a consequence increase in density of medium. Similarly,
in rarefaction, particles get farther apart and a consequent decrease
in density.

Hence, option A is the correct Solution.

17. Solution: (a) Exchange and secretion of materials takes place by

movement of molecules across the epithelium which is determined by
the permeability of different types of epithelia.
(b) (i) Skin – Stratified squamous epithelium
(ii) Simple squamous.
(c) In the alimentary canal.
(d) The hair-like cilia allow movement pushing down of substances
and tall columnar cells facilitate movement across the epithelial
layer.
18. (a) Solution: Sublimation
(b) Solution: Dissolution/ diffusion
(c) Solution: Evaporation/ diffusion
(d) Solution: Centrifugation
(e) Solution: Sedimentation
19. (a) Solution: MgSO4
(b) Solution: CaO
(c) Solution: Na2S
(d) Solution: Al2(PO4)3
(e) Solution: KCl
20. (a) Answer: D

Solution: Displacement can be zero, positive and negative.

(b) Answer: C

Solution: Displacement can be equal to or less than the magnitude of

distance travelled

(c) Answer: D
 Solution: Displacement is the shortest distance between two points.
Distance is the total distance covered by the body while it travels
between the two points. Therefore, displacement is always equal to or
less than distance and hence their ration will be equal to or less than
one.

(d) Answer: A

Solution: When an object moves in one direction only, then distance

is equal to the displacement.

(e) Answer: C

Solution: The total distance covered by bill is 400+400 = 800 m

Section B

21. Solution - Different cells have different sizes and appearances to

perform different functions. For example, chloroplasts and
chromoplasts vary in size and perform different functions in the plant
body. Chloroplasts are the site for photosynthesis while chromoplasts
are responsible for the colour of flowers and fruits.
OR
Solution: - The two main components of blood are plasma and blood
corpuscles. Blood is considered as a type of connective tissue because
blood has a fluid matrix i.e. plasma which flows between different
organs of the body and contains blood cells suspended in it.
22. Solution:

Meristematic tissue Permanent tissue

Cells of meristematic tissue divide Cells of permanent tissue do
repeatedly. not divide and are derived
from the meristematic tissue.
The cells are not differentiated. The cells are differentiated.
The cells are isodiametric. The cells are variable in shape.
Vacuoles are not present. In mature cells, large vacuoles
are present.
23. Solution: Oxygen has electronic configuration 2, 6. The valence shell
of oxygen has 6 electrons so its valency is 2. It wants to accept two
electrons to complete its octet to get stability. So, it combines with
another oxygen atom to complete its octet. In the O2 molecule, both
O atoms have a complete octet. So O2 is more stable than an O
atom. Hence Oxygen is available as O2 in the atmosphere.
 OR
Solution: Two uses of isotopes are-
i. Radioactive isotopes are used as tracers in medicine to detect the
presence of tumors, blood clots in the human body.
ii. They are used in industry to detect leakage in underground oil, gas,
or water pipelines.
24. Solution:
(a) Rusting of an article made up of iron is called corrosion and it is a
chemical change.
Corrosion is a chemical change because in such change chemical
properties or composition of the original substance changes resulting
in the formation of at least one new substance.
For example the Formation of rust
The chemical reaction showing rusting of iron is shown below.
4Fe + 2O2 → 2Fe2O3.xH2O
(Hydrated iron oxide or rust)
(b) (i) The solute is the component that gets dissolved in a solvent to
form a solution. It is present in a smaller amount when compared to
the solvent.
(ii) The solvent is the component that dissolves a solute to form a
solution. The solvent is present in a larger amount when compared to
the solute.
25. Solution: The bodies will fall under the action of gravity, therefore
from second equation of motion
1
𝑎 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡𝑎2
2
1
𝑎 = 0 + 𝑔𝑡𝑎2
2

2𝑎
𝑡𝑎 = √
𝑔

Similarly for body B,

1
𝑏 = 0 + 𝑔𝑡𝑏2
2

2𝑏
𝑡𝑏 = √
𝑔

Therefore, the ratio of time taken

𝑡𝑎 √𝑎
=
𝑡𝑏 √𝑏
26. Solution: we know from Newton's second law of motion that the rate
of change in momentum is equal to the force. Then
𝑚(𝑣 − 𝑢)
𝐹=
𝑡
Now since the ball rebounded the initial and final directions of the ball
are opposite. Therefore, if the velocity of the ball is V,
𝑚(𝑉 − (−𝑉))
𝐹=
𝑡
(2 × 0.5 × 2)
𝐹= = 2000 𝑁
10−3
Section C
27. Solution: a) Parenchyma: i. It serves as a packing tissue to fill the
spaces between other tissues and maintain the shape and firmness of
the plant. ii. It stores food, performs photosynthesis and secretion in
plants.
(b) Collenchyma: i. These cells provide mechanical support to
growing parts of the plants. ii. When these cells contain chloroplast,
they perform photosynthesis.
(c) Sclerenchyma: i. These cells are usually found associated with
other cell types and give mechanical support to the plants. ii. They
provide strength, rigidity, flexibility, and elasticity to the plants.
OR
Solution: (i) Once someone gets a disease, his or her body functions
get damaged and may never recover completely. (ii)The treatment of
a disease takes time so the person is likely to be bedridden for
sometime, even if he is given proper treatment. (iii) The person
suffering from an infectious disease can serve as the medium for
further spread of infection to other people.

28. Solution: (a) Differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell:

Prokaryotic cell
(i) It is small in size.
(ii) The nuclear region is not well-defined.
(iii) Single chromosome is found.
Eukaryotic cell
(i) It is large in size.
(ii) The nuclear region is well-defined and is surrounded by a nuclear
membrane.
(iii) More than one chromosome is present.
 (b) A chromosome is composed of DNA and proteins. It is formed in
the nucleus during cell division.
29. Solution: During the day, air above the land gets heated up faster and
starts rising. As this air rises, a region of low pressure is created and
the air over the sea moves into this area of low pressure. The direction
of the wind would be from the sea to the land. During the night, both
land and sea start to cool. Since water cools down slower than the
land, the air above water would be warmer than the air above land so
the wind current moves from land to the sea.

30. Solution: We can use the equation for conservation of energy to

calculate the velocity of the diver as he hits the water:
E = Ui +Ki = Uf + Kf
Cancel out initial kinetic and final potential energies, and plug in our
expressions:
1
𝑚𝑔ℎ𝑖 + 0 = 0 + 𝑚𝑣𝑓2
2
Cancel out mass and rearranging for final velocity:
𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ𝑖

𝑣 = √2 × 10 × 20 = 20 𝑚/𝑠

We know that the diver then decelerates from this velocity to zero in
0.8 seconds, so we can calculate the acceleration:
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 20 − 0
𝑎= = = 25 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 0.8
Newton's second law to calculate the force on the diver:

F = ma = (50) (25 m/s2) = 1250N

31. Solution: (a) A pure substance has a fixed melting point or boiling
point at constant pressure. The purity of a substance can be tested
by checking its melting point or boiling point. If a substance is
impure i.e. it contains traces of another substance, the melting and
boiling point of that substance will change.
(b) Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of metals and cannot be
separated into their components by physical methods. But still, an
alloy is considered as a mixture because it shows the properties of its
constituents and can have variable composition.
32. Solution:

Solution Colloid Suspension

 1. It is 1. Heterogeneous in 1. Heterogeneous in
homogeneous in nature. nature.
nature.
2. Particle size is 2. Colloidal particle 2. Particle size is 10-3 to 10-
less than 10-7 cm. size is between 10-4 5
.
to 10-7 cm.
3. It does not 3. It scatters a 3. It scatters a beam of
scatter light. beam of light. light.
4. True solutions 4. They also pass 4. Suspended particles do
pass through filter through a filter not pass through filter
paper. paper. paper.
33. Solution: Time after which the splash is heard at the top is equal to
the sum of the time t1 taken by the stone to fall down and the time t2
taken by the sound to travel from bottom to top.
Using,
1
𝑆 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
We get,
1
𝑆 = 𝑔𝑡12
2

2𝑠 (2 × 300)
𝑡1 = √ = √ = 7.75 𝑠
𝑔 10

Also,
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 300
𝑡2 = = = 0.885 𝑠
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 340

Total time = t1 +t2 = (7.75 +0.88)s = 8.6 s

Section D

34. Solution:
(a)

(b) (i) CuBr2

(ii) Al(NO3)3
(iii) Ca3(PO4)2
(iv) Mg(CH3COO)2
OR
 Solution: (i) The number of electrons gained, lost or shared to make
the octet of electrons (in the outermost shell), gives us directly the
combining capacity of the element, that is, the valency.

35. Solution:
(a) (i)

Nucleus Nucleoid
A nucleus is a membrane-bound Nucleoid is a particular area in
structure in which eukaryotes which prokaryotes assemble
assemble their genetic materials. their genetic materials.
A nucleus is well organised and is Nucleoid is poorly organised
large. and is small.
A nucleus is engirdled by a double Nucleoid lacks a protective
layer membrane known as nuclear membrane.
membrane which separates the
nucleus from other organelles.
A nucleus comprises several Nucleoid usually contains only
chromosomes. one chromosome.
(ii)

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Cell shape is Square or rectangular Cell shape is Irregular or
in shape round in shape
Cell wall is present Cell wall is absent

Nucleus is present and lies on one Nucleus is present and

side of the cell lies in center of the cell
This has few large or a single, Vacuole are usually small
centrally positioned vacuole and numerous
(b) Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of
higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
across a semipermeable membrane.

36. Solution: (a) The total pressure on the ball includes both
hydrostatic and atmospheric pressure:
𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 + 𝑃ℎ
𝑃ℎ = 𝜌ℎ 𝑔ℎ = 1370 × 19 × 4 = 54.8 𝑘𝑃𝑎
∴ 𝑃𝑡 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎 + 54.8𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 154.8 𝑘𝑃𝑎
The force on the ball

𝐹 = 𝑃𝑡 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑡 4𝜋(0.2)2 = 154.8 × 0.5027

𝐹 = 78 𝑘𝑁

(b) From universal law of gravitation

𝑚1 𝑚2
𝐹=𝐺
𝑟2
(6.69 × 1015 )(6.69 × 1015 )
𝐹 = 6.67 × 10−11
(105 )2
𝐹 = 2.99 × 1011 𝑁

From Newton’s second law of motion

𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎

2.99 × 1011 = 6.69 × 1015 𝑎

𝑎 = 4.47 × 10−7 𝑚/𝑠 2

(c)
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 150
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 = = = 0.05 𝑚3
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 3000

Buoyant force
𝐹𝑏 = 𝑉𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑 × 𝜌𝑤 × 𝑔 = 0.05 × 1000 × 10
𝐹𝑏 = 500 𝑁

Therefore, force needed to lift the stone

𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊 − 𝐹𝑏 = 𝑚𝑔 − 500
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 1500 − 500 = 1000𝑁

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