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    Acid Bases and Salts 90

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    bba00824201718
    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water, and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions in water. It categorizes acids as strong or weak depending on degree of dissociation, and bases similarly. Examples of common strong acids include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, while acetic acid is given as a weak acid. The document also covers the pH scale and its importance in biology systems and acid rain. Salts are defined as ionic compounds formed from acid-base neutralization or metal-acid reactions. Examples of common salts include baking soda, washing soda, and plaster of paris.

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    Acid Bases and Salts 90

    Uploaded by

    bba00824201718
    12 views3 pages
    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water, and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions in water. It categorizes acids as strong or weak depending on degree of dissociation, and bases similarly. Examples of common strong acids include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, while acetic acid is given as a weak acid. The document also covers the pH scale and its importance in biology systems and acid rain. Salts are defined as ionic compounds formed from acid-base neutralization or metal-acid reactions. Examples of common salts include baking soda, washing soda, and plaster of paris.

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    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water, and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions in water. It categorizes acids as strong or weak depending on degree of dissociation, and bases similarly. Examples of common strong acids include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, while acetic acid is given as a weak acid. The document also covers the pH scale and its importance in biology systems and acid rain. Salts are defined as ionic compounds formed from acid-base neutralization or metal-acid reactions. Examples of common salts include baking soda, washing soda, and plaster of paris.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views3 pages

    Acid Bases and Salts 90

    Uploaded by

    bba00824201718
    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water, and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions in water. It categorizes acids as strong or weak depending on degree of dissociation, and bases similarly. Examples of common strong acids include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, while acetic acid is given as a weak acid. The document also covers the pH scale and its importance in biology systems and acid rain. Salts are defined as ionic compounds formed from acid-base neutralization or metal-acid reactions. Examples of common salts include baking soda, washing soda, and plaster of paris.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    www.gradeup.

    co

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    Acids, Base and Salts


    • An acid is a substance that furnishes hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
    • For example, HCl (aq) → H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
    • The two types of acids are discussed below as follows:

    o Strong Acids:
    ▪ The Acids that completely dissociate in water are called Strong acids.
    ▪ Some of the important examples of strong acids are Hydrochloric Acid, Hydrobromic
    Acid, Hydroiodic Acid, Nitric Acid, Sulfuric Acid.

    o Weak Acids:
    ▪ The acids that dissociate partially in water are called Weak acids.
    ▪ All organic acids like acetic acid and some inorganic acids are weak acids.
    ▪ Some of the important examples of weak acids are Acetic Acid, Hydrofluoric Acid.

    • A base is a substance that furnishes hydroxide ions (HO-) when dissolved in water.
    • Some of the examples bases are Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide, Calcium
    hydroxide, Magnesium hydroxide.
    • The two types of bases are discussed below as follows:

    o Strong Bases:
    ▪ These bases are completely dissociated in water to form the cation and hydroxide ion
    (OH).
    ▪ Some of the examples of strong bases are LiOH Lithium hydroxide, NaOH Sodium
    hydroxide, KOH Potassium hydroxide.

    o Weak Bases:
    ▪ Weak bases do not furnish OH-ions by dissociation. They react with water, to furnish
    OH-ions.
    ▪ Some of the examples of Weak bases are NH4OH, Cu(OH)2, Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2.

    Nature Acids Bases


    Taste Sour Bitter
    Solution Corrosive to metals Slippery in nature
    Litmus test Blue to red Red to blue
    Neutralization After adding base After adding base
    Phenolphthalein Test Colourless Pink
    Methyl orange Red Yellow

    • The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 on this scale.


    • The pH value 7 is considered neutral, below 7 acidic, and above 7 basic.
    • The pH value of blood is 7.4.
    • Importance of pH scale in everyday life is given below as follows:
    • Most of the biochemical reactions taking place in our body are in a narrow pH range of
    7.0 to 7.8. Even a small change in pH disturbs these processes.
    • When the pH of rain water falls below 5.6, it is called acid rain.

    Salt:
    • Salts are ionic compounds made of a cation other than H+ ion and an anion other than
    OH- ion.
    • Salts are formed by the following reactions:

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    1. By Neutralization of acids and bases: Salts are the product (besides water) of a
    neutralization reaction.
    For example, Base Acid Salt Water
    NaOH + HC1 → NaC1 + H2O
    2. By action of acids on metals: In a reaction between an acid and a metal, salt is
    produced along with hydrogen, Metal Acid Salt Hydrogen
    Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H
    3. By action of acids on metal: Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates Salts are
    produced in reactions between acids and metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates
    (bicarbonates) along with water and carbon dioxide.
    CaCO3 + 2HC1 → CaC12 + H2O + CO

    Some important Salts:

    Salt Chemical Formula Remarks


    • It is used in medicine.
    Baking Soda NaHCO3
    • It is used in Fire extinguishers.
    • It is used in removing
    Washing Soda Na2CO3
    permanent hardness of water.
    Plaster of Paris CaSO4.1/2 H2O • It is used for making cast.
    • It is used in textile and wood
    Bleaching Powder CaOCl2
    pulp industry.

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