Electrical Installation Lecture No 11 Li

Electrical Installation Lecture No.11 Dr.
Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
Lighting design and calculations

THE LUMEN METHOD
This method is also called: Photometrical Computation and mostly used
for interior lighting calculation
To determine the total number of luminaires required to produce a given

illuminance by the lumen method we apply the following formula:
Total number of luminaires (N) required to provide a chosen level of

illumination (E) at a given surface is .
where
 E = the illuminance level is chosen after consideration of the IES

code,
the area is the working area to be illuminated, the lumen output of
each luminaire is that given in the manufacturer’s specification
and may be found by reference tables.
 MF is maintenance or (the light loss LLF) factor. This factor
depends on the maintenance staff of the building, but in general it
is taken as 0.8 -0.9.
 Utilization factor (UF)
The light flux reaching the working plane is always less than the
lumen output of the lamp since some of the light is absorbed by the
various surface textures.
The method of calculating the utilization factor (UF) is detailed in
lighting design books, although lighting manufacturers’ catalogues
give factors for standard conditions. The UF is expressed as a
number which is always less than unity; a typical value might be
0.9 for a modern office building.
1
Electrical Installation Lecture No.11 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
Example 1
It is proposed to illuminate an electronic workshop of dimensions 9 x 8

x3 m to an illuminance of 550 lx at the bench level. The specification
calls for luminaires having one 1500 mm 65 W fluorescent natural tube
with an initial output of 3700 lumens. Determine the number of
luminaires required for this installation when the UF and MF are 0.9 and
0.8, respectively.
The number of luminaire required (N)
Therefore 15 luminaires will be required to illuminate this workshop to a

level of 550 lx.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Other factors that may be taken into consideration when using the
lumen method are :
1. Room Index: this includes
 Room dimensions:
(i) Length (a)
(ii) Width (b)
(iii ) Height (h)
 Useful Height - Hk.
This can be calculated as:
hk = h- hd or hk= h-hd-hv ………. (1)
where :
2
hk = useful height
h = room height
hd = height of working area, usually taken as : 0.85 m
hv = height of illumination unit hanging from the ceiling , measured in (m).
a.b (2)
Room Index(k ) 
hk (a  b)
2. The reflection factor - ρ
This means the light reflected from ceilings, walls and floors which and
depends on the colours, type of floor and ceilings. Table -1 gives the
reflection coefficient for various materials.
Reflection Material
coefficient
P.U.
05.0 ‫الطابوق (الطوب) االصفر‬
05.0 ‫الطابوق(الطوب) الغامق‬
05.0 ‫الطابوق(الطوب) االحمر‬
05.0 ‫اآللسمنت‬
05.. )‫الكونكريت (الباطون‬
05.0 ‫حجر الكرانيت‬
05.. ‫المرمر (الرخام) االبيض‬
0500 )‫الصبغ (االبيض الثلجي‬
05. -05. ‫الصبغ الفاتح اللون للجدران‬
0500 ‫الزجاج النقي‬
05.0 ‫اإلسفلت‬
050 ‫الكاشي (البالط) االسود‬
0500 ‫الكاشي الموزائيك االبيض‬
05.0 ‫الكاشي الموزائيك االحمر‬
05.0 ‫الكاشي الموزائيك االسود واالبيض‬
050 ‫الرخام الغامق لالرضيات‬
3
The reflection coefficients ρ can be used to determine the utilization

factor UF for any luminaire from the manufacturers catalogues when the
room index is calculated. For example, Table -2 gives the utilization
factor UF for a fluorescent luminaire with single 40W lamp and prismatic
diffuser0011 mm length for different values of the room reflection
coefficients: C – ceiling reflection, W- wall reflection, F- floor reflection. If
these values are: (0.5, 0.5, 0.2) and the room index is calculated to be
1.50, then the UF = 0.52.
Table -2
Utilisation factor for fluorescent luminare with single 40W lamp and prismatic diffuser
0011 mm length.
Room Reflection Room Index
C W F .75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00
.70 .50 .20 .44 .50 .56 .60 .65 .69 .72 .75 .77
.30 .38 .44 .50 .54 .60 .64 .68 .72 .74
.10 .33 .40 .46 .50 .56 .61 .64 .69 .72
.50 .50 .20 .39 .44 .49 .52 .57 .60 .62 .65 .67
.30 .34 .40 .44 .48 .53 .56 .59 .62 .64
.10 .30 .36 .41 .44 .50 .53 .56 .60 .62
.30 .50 .20 .34 .39 .42 .45 .49 .51 .53 .55 .57
.30 .30 .35 .39 .42 .46 .49 .51 .53 .55
.10 .27 .32 .36 .39 .44 .47 .49 .52 .54
.00 .00 .00 .22 .26 .29 .31 .34 .36 .38 .40 .41
UF
Note: The reflection coefficients for a standard room are: (0.7, 0.5, 0.2)
4
Table -3 gives the maintenance factors for different types of rooms.
Table -3 Maintenance factor

Room classification Lamp maintenance Maintenance Total
factor factor for dirty maintenance
lamp factor
very clean 0.09 0.85 0.85-0.9
clean 0.9 0.9 0.8
average 0.9 0.8 0.7
dirty 0.9 0.7 0.6
Example 2
It is proposed to illuminate a class room of dimensions 6 x 8 x 2.85 m

to an illuminance (E) of 400 lx at the bench level. The specification calls
for luminaires having one 1050 mm 40 W fluorescent natural tube with
an initial output of 3200 lumens with white metal base and prismatic
plastic diffuser (its UF is given in Table -2) . Determine the number of
luminaires required for this installation when the MF is 0.7, respectively.
The reflection coefficients are: (C= 0.70, W= 0.3, F=0.2)
Solution
From the room dimension we can calculate the room index ( k )

assuming the working table height is 0.85 m. Hence,
hk = 2.85-0.85 = 2m
a.b
Room Index (k ) 
hk (a  b)
5
6 x8
k  1.71
2 x (6  8)
From Table -2 , UF = 0.57
lumen required x Area (m 2 )

N  No. of luminaires 
lamp lumen x U .F x M .F
400 x 48
N  14.58  15
3200 x 0.7 x 0.57
Since 15 luminaire are large number that can be installed in the ceiling,
so we suggest to use luminare with 2x40 W fluorescent lamps with
prismatic diffuser. Hence, the number of luminaire required will be,
15
 7.5  8 luminaire
2
Luminaires distribution:
Distance between two adjacent luminaire s is
Distance between the luminaire and its adjacent wall = (½ to ⅓)x(room

height):
2.85
or = 1.425 ≈ 1.50 m
2
Note: Usually we take the factor ½ when the dimensions of the room are
such that the ratio of the length to the width is less than 1.6, otherwise
we take the factor of ⅓ .
The distribution of the luminaires are shown in Fig.A
6
1st Row 2nd Row
1.1 m 1m 3m ‫م‬1 1.1m
2m
8m
1m
6m
Fig.A Luminaires distribution on room ceiling

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Electrical Installation Lecture No.11 Dr.

Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi

Lighting design and calculations

To determine the total number of luminaires required to produce a given

Total number of luminaires (N) required to provide a chosen level of

 E = the illuminance level is chosen after consideration of the IES

It is proposed to illuminate an electronic workshop of dimensions 9 x 8

The number of luminaire required (N)

Therefore 15 luminaires will be required to illuminate this workshop to a

1. Room Index: this includes

(ii) Width (b)

(iii ) Height (h)

 Useful Height - Hk.

This can be calculated as:

hk = h- hd or hk= h-hd-hv ………. (1)

hd = height of working area, usually taken as : 0.85 m

hv = height of illumination unit hanging from the ceiling , measured in (m).

2. The reflection factor - ρ

05.0 ‫الطابوق (الطوب) االصفر‬

05.0 ‫الطابوق(الطوب) الغامق‬

05.0 ‫الطابوق(الطوب) االحمر‬

05.. )‫الكونكريت (الباطون‬

05.0 ‫حجر الكرانيت‬

05.. ‫المرمر (الرخام) االبيض‬

0500 )‫الصبغ (االبيض الثلجي‬

05. -05. ‫الصبغ الفاتح اللون للجدران‬

0500 ‫الزجاج النقي‬

050 ‫الكاشي (البالط) االسود‬

0500 ‫الكاشي الموزائيك االبيض‬

05.0 ‫الكاشي الموزائيك االحمر‬

05.0 ‫الكاشي الموزائيك االسود واالبيض‬

050 ‫الرخام الغامق لالرضيات‬

The reflection coefficients ρ can be used to determine the utilization

Room Reflection Room Index

C W F .75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00

Table -3 gives the maintenance factors for different types of rooms.

Table -3 Maintenance factor

very clean 0.09 0.85 0.85-0.9

clean 0.9 0.9 0.8

average 0.9 0.8 0.7

dirty 0.9 0.7 0.6

It is proposed to illuminate a class room of dimensions 6 x 8 x 2.85 m

From the room dimension we can calculate the room index ( k )

From Table -2 , UF = 0.57

lumen required x Area (m 2 )

Distance between two adjacent luminaire s is

Distance between the luminaire and its adjacent wall = (½ to ⅓)x(room

The distribution of the luminaires are shown in Fig.A

1st Row 2nd Row

1.1 m 1m 3m ‫م‬1 1.1m

Fig.A Luminaires distribution on room ceiling

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