Productivity Improvement and

Excellence Center

Department of Electrical and

Electronics

Building Electrical Installation

 Terms used in Illumination

• Luminous Flux: It is the total quantity of light energy

radiated/ produced per second from a luminous body
in the form of light waves. It is measured in lumens. It
is represented by symbol φ. Approximate relation b/n
lumen & electric unit of power i.e. watt is given as 1
lumen=0.0016 watt (approx.)
• Luminous Intensity (I): It is the amount of luminous
flux emitted by a source per unit solid angle. It is
measured in candela or lumens per steradian. i.e. I =φ /
ω,
• 1 Candela = 1 Lumen / steradian
• Where the solid angle is measured in Steradians (ω) it
is the angle generated by the surface passing through
the light point in space and periphery of the area. It
was denoted by ω.
• Illumination (intensity of illumination) (E) - it is the
luminous flux received by a surface per unit area of surface.
Its unit depends upon the units in which area is measured. It
is measured in lumens per square meter or lux or meter
candle. Mathematically, E=φ/A
• Luminous efficiency (k): a measure of unit lumens per watt
(lm/W). It can be thought of as the ‘efficiency’ of the light
source.
• Luminance, L: The luminous intensity (I) per unit of the
apparent area of the source of light (or illuminated areas).
• L = I/A [cd/m2]
• Coefficient of utilization:
• This is a factor showing the ratio of the lumens reaching
on the working plane to the total lumens generated by the
source. It depends on the dimension of the room to be
illuminated, the reflectance of the walls, ceilings, and
floors, the lamp output of reflectors and diffusers used and
the position of the lamp.
• Maintenance Factor: The light obtained from a light
source may be affected by variables due to dire, ageing of
the lamp, etc. The MF takes in to account such effects.
• In fact and endeavor should be made to have quality of
light as close to day light as possible.
• The interior lighting schemes may be classified as: -
Direct light
 Semi- direct lighting
 Semi-indirect lighting
Indirect lighting and
General lighting
• Directlight: - the most commonly used type of lighting
scheme. In this scheme more than 90% of total light flux is
made to fall directly on the working plane with the help of
deep reflectors. It is mainly used for industrial and general
out-door lighting.
• Semi-direct lighting: - in this lighting scheme 60-90% of the
total light flux is made to fall down wards directly with the
help of semi-direct reflectors. The remaining light is used to
illuminate the ceiling and walls.
• Besides this scheme avoids glare, it also improves the
efficiency of the system with reference to the working plane.
• Semi indirect lighting: -in this scheme 60-90% of total
light flux is thrown up wards to the ceiling for reflection
and the rest reaches the working plane directly except for
some absorption by the bowl. This lighting scheme has soft
shadows and is glare free. It is mainly used for indoor
decoration purpose.
• Indirect lighting scheme: - in this scheme more than 90%
of total light flux is thrown upwards the ceiling for diffuse
reflection by using inverted or bowl reflector. In this
scheme the glare is reduce to minimum.The shadows are
less prominent and the appearance of the room is much
improved. It is used for decoration purpose in cinemas,
theatres and hotels etc.
 illumination level

In order to see the details of the things that surround us

the source has to illuminate them very well in order the
objects take the necessary brightness. For each type of
work there is a range of brightness most favorable to
output in terms of quality and quantity.
• It used to be common with light levels between 100
and 750 lux
 Degree of illumination, to give necessary
brightness to objects, depends upon:

• The size of the object and distance of the observer.

• Contrast between the object and background. Greater the
contrast greater will be the illumination required to
distinguish the object properly.
• Speed of object - Speedy object require more illumination.
• Duration of gazing - Object seen for long duration of time
require more illumination.
 Coefficient of Utilization (CU)

• whole light radiated by the lamps doesn’t reach the

working plane. The ratio of lumens reaching the working
plane to the total light given out by the lamp or lamps,
when the installation is new, is known as utilization factor
or coefficient of utilization..
The value of utilization factor depends upon:

• The mounting height of lamps

• Area to be illuminated
• Type of lighting scheme
• Color of the surrounding, etc
 Maintenance Factor (MF)

• the illumination produced considerably decreases

due to ageing of the lamps and accumulation of
dusts on the lamps, reflectors, ceiling and walls.
• Its value is more if there is much as the ageing
problem increases
• The value is mostly ranges between 0.8 and 1.
Allowable Illumination Levels to Various Locations & Rooms of (Office and Schools)

Offices

Level of Place
Illumination (lux)

1500 - 750 Offices, design and drawing rooms

750 - 300 Offices, conference rooms, computer rooms
300 - 100 Kitchens, ordinary work rooms, corridors,
stairways and toilets
 Schools

1500 - 300 Precision drawing or drafting, laboratory

rooms
750 - 200 Class rooms, library reading rooms, experiment
demonstration rooms, staff rooms and
gymnasium
300 - 75 Lecture halls, assembly rooms, locker rooms,
corridors, stairways and toilets
Recommended illumination level (lux)
•1 Kitchen 200
•2 Living and dining Room 200
•3 Bed room 150
•4 Corridor /Lobby/ 100
•5 Car Parking 100
•6 Terrace 75
•7 Toilet 100
•8 Study room 300
•9 Garden 50
•9 Shop 300
•9 Office 300
 Utilization Factors

Types of Types of
ηB ηB
Lighting Lighting

Direct 0.6 to 0.45 Semi-indirect 0.45 to 0.3

Semi-direct 0.55 to 0.45 Indirect 0.35 to 0.25

General Indirect ceiling

0.5 to 0.35
diffuse lighting
 1. Bed room 1
(A)=Area (m2) =12.5
(E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =150
(MF)= Maintenance factor =0.9
(CU)=Coefficient of Utilization = 0.6
Use Halogen incandescent of wattage (watt) = 60
(K)=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lamps required (N)

Number of lamps required=0.9645

Use 1 Halogen incandescent lamps of 60 watt
 2. W.C 1
(A)=Area A=L*W=6 m^2
(E)= Recommended illumination level (lux) =100
(MF) =Maintenance factor =0.9
(CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6
Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60
(K)=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lamps required (N)

N=(E*A)/(MF*CU*K*Wattage)
Number of lamps required =0.9263
 3. Bed room 2
A) =Area (m2) =12.5
(E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =150
(MF)= Maintenance factor = 0.9
(CU)=Coefficient of Utilization = 0.6
Use Halogen incandescent of wattage (watt) =60
(K)=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lamps required (N)

Number of lamps required=1.6544

Use 2 Halogen incandescent lamps of 60 watt
 4. W.C 2
A) =Area (m2) =12.5
(E) Recommended illumination level (lux) =100
(MF) Maintenance factor =0.9
(CU)Coefficient of Utilization =0.6
Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60
(K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lamps required (N)

Number of lumps required=0.184

 5. Sauna Bath
(A)=Area
(E) Recommended illumination level (lux) =100
(MF) Maintenance factor =0.9
(CU)Coefficient of Utilization =0.6
Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60
(K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lamps required (N)

Use 1 incandescent lamps of 60 watt

 6. Waiting room
(A)=Area
(E) Recommended illumination level (lux) =150
(MF) Maintenance factor =0.9
(CU)Coefficient of Utilization =0.6
Use Halogen incandescent of wattage (watt) =60
(K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lamps required (N)

Number of lamps required=1.43

 7. W.C 3

(A)=Area,
(E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =100
(MF)= Maintenance factor =0.9
(CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6
Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60
(K)=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lamps required (N)

Number of lamps required=0.143

 8. Corridor
(A)=Area,
(E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =100
(MF)= Maintenance factor =0.9
(CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6
Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60
(K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lamps required (N)

Number of lamps required=0.3796

Use 1 florescent 61cm long of 20 watt
 9. Master Bath Room

(A)=Area,
(E)= Recommended illumination level (lux) =100
(MF) =Maintenance factor =0.9
(CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6
Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60
(K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lumps required (N)

Number of lamps required=0.3405

Use 1 incandescent lamps of 60 watt
 10. Master Bed Room

(A)=Area
(E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =150
(MF) =Maintenance factor =0.9
(CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6
Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60
(K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lumps required =

Number of lamps required=3.05

Use 3 Halogen incandescent lamps of 60 watt
 11. Balcony 1
(A)=Area,
(E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =100
(MF) =Maintenance factor =0.9
(CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6
Use 61 cm florescent of wattage (watt) =60
(K)=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lamps required (N)

Number of lamps required=0.4814

Use 1 incandescent lamps of 60 watt
 12. Balcony 2

(A)=Area,
(E)= Recommended illumination level (lux) =100
(MF) =Maintenance factor =0.9
(CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6
Use 61 cm florescent of wattage (watt) =60
(K)=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60
Number of lamps required (N)

Number of lamps required=0.1265

Use 1 incandescent lumps of 60 watt
Number of socket outlets
1. Bed room 1
Number of socket outlets=2
Two- general purpose socket outlets
2. W.C 1
Number of socket outlets=1
Water heating socket outlets
3. Bed room2
Number of socket outlets=2
Two- general purpose socket outlets
4. W.C 2
Number of socket outlets=1
Water heating socket outlets
5. Sauna Bath
Number of socket outlets=0
No socket outlets
6. Waiting room
Number of socket outlets=1
One- general purpose socket outlets
7. W.C 3
Number of socket outlets=1
Water heating socket outlets
8. Corridor
Number of socket outlets=0
No socket outlets
9. Master Bath Room
Number of socket outlets=2
One general purpose socket outlets
One specific purpose socket outlets
10. Master Bed Room
Number of socket outlets=2
Two- general purpose socket outlets
11. Balcony 1
Number of socket outlets=0
No- socket outlets
12. Balcony 2
Number of socket outlets=0
No- socket outlets
 1. Maximum Load
No. Of Light points per Light Circuit =8-10
No. Of Bell Points per Light Circuit =4
No. Of general Purpose Socket Outlet per
Circuit=6-8
No. of Water heater Per Circuit=1
Number Circuit Power without DF Power with DF

1 Lighting 2x10x220=4400 0.7x4400=3080

2 Bell 1x6x220=1320 0.3x1320=396

3 Socket outlet 2x16x220=7040 0.3x7040=2112

4 Water heater 4x20x220=17600 0.2x17600=3520

Total = 30.36KW Total = 9.108KW

Maximum load (Pmax)

NOTE :-the power demand 9.108 KW is greater

than 8KW ,so we should have the three phase power
supply
 2. Current rating

NOTE: - The rating of main switch bored (MCB) should

be great than IL and also it should be greater than the
maximum of In (switch on SDB i.e. 25A)
Therefore the rating of main switch bored (MCB) =32A
 3. Size of the Feeder Cable

Assuming a Copper wire is used, for I=32A.

The nominal cross section become 
For three-phase the number of lines = 4

Size of the feeder cable =

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