Es7 Lecture2 Equilibrium

ES 7.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

EQUILIBRIUM
EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE
A particle is said to be in equilibrium if it remains at rest if originally at rest, or has a constant velocity if
originally in motion.
To maintain equilibrium, it is necessary to satisfy Newton’s first law of motion, which requires the
resultant force acting on a particle to be equal to zero. This condition is stated by the equation of
equilibrium,
Where ΣF is the vector sum of all the forces acting on the particle.
If a particle is subjected to a system of coplanar forces that lie in the x–y plane, then each force can be
resolved into its i and j components. For equilibrium, these forces must sum to produce a zero force
resultant, i.e.,
SPRINGS
If a linearly elastic spring (or cord) of undeformed length is used to support a particle, the length of
the spring will change in direct proportion to the force F acting on it. A characteristic that defines the
“elasticity” of a spring is the spring constant or stiffness k.
ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

AJDM
The magnitude of force exerted on a linearly elastic spring which has a stiffness k and is deformed
(elongated or compressed) a distance , measured from its unloaded position, is
PROBLEM 1
Determine the tension in cables BA and BC necessary to support the 60-kg cylinder.
PROBLEM 2
The 200-kg crate in Fig. 3–7a is suspended using the ropes AB and AC. Each rope can withstand a
maximum force of 10 kN before it breaks. If AB always remains horizontal, determine the smallest angle
u to which the crate can be suspended before one of the ropes breaks.
PROBLEM 3
Determine the required length of cord AC so that the 8-kg lamp can be suspended in the position shown.
The undeformed length of spring AB is = 0.4 m, and the spring has a stiffness of kAB = 300 N/m.

AJDM
FORCE SYSTEM RESULTANTS
MOMENT OF A FORCE
When a force is applied to a body it will produce a tendency for the body to rotate about a point that is
not on the line of action of the force. This tendency to rotate is sometimes called a torque, but most
often it is called the moment of a force or simply the moment.
For example, consider a wrench used to unscrew the bolt. If a force is applied to the handle of the
wrench it will tend to turn the bolt about point O (or the z axis). The magnitude of the moment is
directly proportional to the magnitude of F and the perpendicular distance or moment arm d. The larger
the force or the longer the moment arm, the greater the moment or turning effect.
If the force F is applied at an angle , then it will be more difficult to turn the bolt since the
moment arm will be smaller than d.

AJDM
If F is applied along the wrench, its moment arm will be zero since the line of action of F will intersect
point O (the z axis). As a result, the moment of F about O is also zero and no turning can occur.
To generalize the discussion above, consider the figure below
Where
Mo the moment about point O ( or )
F the force applied (N or lb)

AJDM
d the moment arm or perpendicular distance from the axis at point O to the line of action
of the force (m or ft)
PROBLEM 1
Determine the moment of the force about point O.
PROBLEM 2
Determine the resultant moment of the four forces acting on the rod about point O.
PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS
This is also referred to as Varignon’s theorem. It states that the moment of a force about a point is equal
to the sum of the moments of the components of the force about the point.

AJDM
This method is generally easier than finding the same moment using Mo = Fd.
PROBLEM 3
Determine the moment of the force about point O.
PROBLEM 4
Force F acts at the end of the angle bracket. Determine the moment of the force about point O.
FORCE AND COUPLE SYSTEM

AJDM
= =
PROBLEM 5
Replace the force and couple system by an equivalent resultant force and couple moment acting at point
O.
PROBLEM 6
Replace the force and couple system acting on the member by an equivalent resultant force and couple
moment acting at point O.
PROBLEM 7

AJDM
Replace the force and couple moment system acting on the beam by an equivalent resultant force, and
find where its line of action intersects the beam, measured from point O.
PROBLEM 8
The jib crane shown is subjected to three coplanar forces. Replace this loading by an equivalent resultant
force and specify where the resultant’s line of action intersects the column AB and boom BC.
REDUCTION OF A SIMPLE DISTRIBUTED LOADING

AJDM
PROBLEM 9
A distributed loading of p = (800x) Pa acts over the top surface of the beam. Determine the magnitude
and location of the equivalent resultant force.
PROBLEM 10
The granular material exerts the distributed loading on the beam. Determine the magnitude and location
of the equivalent resultant of this load.
EQUILIBRIUM OF A RIGID BODY
The body shown below is subjected to an external force and couple moment system that is the result of
the effects of gravitational, electrical, magnetic, or contact forces caused by adjacent bodies. The internal
forces caused by interactions between particles within the body are not shown in this figure because
these forces occur in equal but opposite collinear pairs and hence will cancel out, a consequence of
Newton’s third law.

AJDM
Free-Body Diagrams
Support Reactions

AJDM
Equations of Equilibrium
Problem 2
Problem 1 The cord supports a force of 100 lb and wraps

over the frictionless pulley. Determine the
Determine the horizontal and vertical
tension in the cord at C and the horizontal and
components of reaction on the beam caused by
vertical components of reaction at pin A.
the pin at B and the rocker at A. Neglect the
weight of the beam.

AJDM
Problem 3 Problem 4
The member is pin-connected at A and rests The box wrench is used to tighten the bolt at A.
against a smooth support at B. Determine the If the wrench does not turn when the load is
horizontal and vertical components of reaction applied to the handle, determine the torque or
at the pin A. moment applied to the bolt and the force of the
wrench on the bolt.

AJDM

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ES 7.

STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

moment arm will be smaller than d.

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

To generalize the discussion above, consider the figure below

Mo the moment about point O ( or )

F the force applied (N or lb)

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

Determine the moment of the force about point O.

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

Determine the moment of the force about point O.

FORCE AND COUPLE SYSTEM

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

REDUCTION OF A SIMPLE DISTRIBUTED LOADING

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

EQUILIBRIUM OF A RIGID BODY

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

Problem 1 The cord supports a force of 100 lb and wraps

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

ES7. STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

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