Lecture 5 (Chapter 3)

STATICS (ME 111)
Fall 2021
Lecture 5
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Chapter 3: Equilibrium of a Particle
 Difference between equilibrium of particle and
equilibrium of rigid body
Condition for the Equilibrium of a Particle
 A particle is said to be in equilibrium if it remains at rest if
originally at rest, or has a constant velocity if originally in
motion.
 however, the term “equilibrium” or, more specifically, “static
equilibrium” is used to describe an object at rest.
 Equilibrium in 2-D (Coplanar Force System)
 Equilibrium in 3-D
The Free Body Diagram
A drawing that shows the particle with all the forces
that act on it is called a free-body diagram (FBD).
Three Types of Supports encountered in particle
equilibrium problems
Springs
Cables and Pulleys
Smooth Contact
Springs
Force exerted by spring
Where,
k = Spring Constant or Stiffness

l0= The unloaded position of spring
l = The loaded position of spring
Cables and Pulleys
Cables are assumed to have
negligible weight and they cannot
stretch
a cable can support only a tension
or “pulling” force, and this force
always acts in the direction of
the cable
for any angle θ, , the cable is
subjected to a constant tension T
throughout its length
Smooth Contact
The force exerted by a surface
on an object in contact acts
normal to the surface at the
point of contact
The Object is also subjected to
its weight which acts vertically
downward and the tension of
cable
All three forces here are
concurrent
Example 3.1
Equilibrium conditions for Coplanar Force
Systems (2-D)
For this vector equation to be satisfied

Procedure for Analysis
Free-Body Diagram.
 Establish the x, y axes in any suitable orientation.
 Label all the known and unknown force magnitudes and directions on the
diagram.
 The sense of a force having an unknown magnitude can be assumed.
Equations of Equilibrium.
 Apply the equations of equilibrium, and

 Components are positive if they are directed along a positive axis, and
negative if they are directed along a negative axis.
 Since the magnitude of a force is always a positive quantity, then if the solution
for a force yields a negative result, this indicates that its sense is the reverse of
that shown on the free-body diagram.
Problem 3-12
The lift sling is used to hoist a container having a mass of 500 kg.
Determine the force in each of the cables AB and AC as a
function of θ. If the maximum tension allowed in each cable is
5 kN, determine the shortest lengths of cables AB and AC that
can be used for the lift. The center of gravity of the container is
located at G.
Problem 3-16
Determine the mass of each of the two cylinders if they cause a
sag of s = 0.5 m when suspended from the rings at A and B.
Note that s = 0 when the cylinders are removed.
Problem 3-31
Three-Dimensional Force Systems
To satisfy this equation we require
Right-hand coordinate
system
Using these we can solve for at most
three unknowns
Procedure for Analysis
Free-Body Diagram.
 Establish the x, y, z axes in any suitable orientation.
 Label all the known and unknown force magnitudes and directions on the
diagram.
 The sense of a force having an unknown magnitude can be assumed.
Equations of Equilibrium.
 Apply the equations of equilibrium, ,

 If the three-dimensional geometry appears difficult, then first express
each force on the free-body diagram as a Cartesian vector, substitute these vectors
into , and then set the i , j , k components equal to zero.
 If the solution for a force yields a negative result, this indicates that its
sense is the reverse of that shown on the free-body diagram.
Example 3.6
Example 3.8
Determine the tension in each cord used to support the
100-kg crate
Problem 3.43
The three cables are used to support the 40-kg flowerpot.
Determine the force developed in each cable for equilibrium.
Problem 3.52
Determine the tension developed in cables AB and AC and the
force developed along strut AD for equilibrium of the 400-lb
crate.
Problem 3.62
If the maximum force in each rod can not exceed 1500 N,
determine the greatest mass of the crate that can be
supported.
Problem Sheet for Chapter 3
2D: 7, 13, 16, 28, 31, 33, 39, 40
3D: 47, 52, 58, 63, 67.

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STATICS (ME 111)

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 Equilibrium in 2-D (Coplanar Force System)

k = Spring Constant or Stiffness

For this vector equation to be satisfied

 Apply the equations of equilibrium, and

To satisfy this equation we require

 Apply the equations of equilibrium, ,

2D: 7, 13, 16, 28, 31, 33, 39, 40

3D: 47, 52, 58, 63, 67.

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